Historical Development of Historical Development of Conservation MovementsConservation Movements

ReviewReview Major cultural changesMajor cultural changes

The Agricultural RevolutionThe Agricultural Revolution The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution The Information and Globalization RevolutionThe Information and Globalization Revolution

New technologiesNew technologies Expansion of the populationExpansion of the population Increased resource consumptionIncreased resource consumption Increased environmental impactIncreased environmental impact

Conservation Movements in Conservation Movements in the U.S. *1600-todaythe U.S. *1600-today Expansion/Exploitation 1600 ~ 1900Expansion/Exploitation 1600 ~ 1900 Early Warnings 1830s ~ 1880sEarly Warnings 1830s ~ 1880s First Conservation Movement 1870s ~ 1920sFirst Conservation Movement 1870s ~ 1920s Second Conservation Movement 1920s ~ 1940sSecond Conservation Movement 1920s ~ 1940s Environmental Movement 1962 ~ 1976Environmental Movement 1962 ~ 1976 Pragmatism/Reassessment 1976 ~ todayPragmatism/Reassessment 1976 ~ today

*This is the one time you need to know dates.*This is the one time you need to know dates.

Expansion/Exploitation Expansion/Exploitation 1600-19001600-1900

Land Acquisition by Federal GovernmentLand Acquisition by Federal Government Indian TreatiesIndian Treaties Land give-away or Homestead ActLand give-away or Homestead Act Texas land settlementTexas land settlement

nationalgeographic.com

Early Warnings Early Warnings 1830’s-1880’s1830’s-1880’s Resources not endlessResources not endless

Romantic view of Romantic view of naturenature

Writers and PaintersWriters and Painters Closing of the American Closing of the American

FrontierFrontier

First Conservation Movement First Conservation Movement 1870’s-1920’s1870’s-1920’s Establishing national & state parksEstablishing national & state parks Establishing national forestsEstablishing national forests State regulation of fish and gameState regulation of fish and game

Conservation of Conservation of Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

ConservationConservation

"There can be no greater issue than that "There can be no greater issue than that of conservation in this country."of conservation in this country." Confession of Faith Speech, Progressive National Convention, Chicago, IL, Confession of Faith Speech, Progressive National Convention, Chicago, IL, August 6, 1912August 6, 1912

ConservationConservation

"The conservation of natural resources "The conservation of natural resources is the fundamental problem. Unless is the fundamental problem. Unless we solve that problem it will avail us we solve that problem it will avail us little to solve all others."little to solve all others."

Address to the Deep Waterway Convention, Memphis, TN, October 4, 1907Address to the Deep Waterway Convention, Memphis, TN, October 4, 1907

Conservation LegacyConservation Legacy

150 National Forests150 National Forests51 Federal Bird Reservations51 Federal Bird Reservations

4 Natural Game Preserves4 Natural Game Preserves5 National Parks5 National Parks

18 National Monuments18 National Monuments24 Reclamation Projects24 Reclamation Projects

7 Conservation Conferences & Commissions7 Conservation Conferences & Commissions

Conservation EffortsConservation Efforts

Boone and Crockett ClubBoone and Crockett ClubProtection of YellowstoneProtection of Yellowstone

Pelican Island Bird ReservationPelican Island Bird Reservation1905 ~ Gifford Pinchot ~ U.S. Forest Service1905 ~ Gifford Pinchot ~ U.S. Forest Service

43,000,000 to 194,000,000 acres of national forest43,000,000 to 194,000,000 acres of national forestJohn Muir - YosemiteJohn Muir - Yosemite

Second Conservation Second Conservation Movement 1930-1940Movement 1930-1940

Civilian Conservation Civilian Conservation Corp [CCC] – 2 Corp [CCC] – 2

million peoplemillion people Dam Building in the Dam Building in the

American WestAmerican West Tennessee Valley Tennessee Valley

AuthorityAuthority www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/

Environmental Movement Environmental Movement 1962-19761962-1976 Quality of lifeQuality of life Chemical threats -- Silent SpringChemical threats -- Silent Spring Federal LegislationFederal Legislation Earth DayEarth Day

Pragmatism/Reassessment Pragmatism/Reassessment 1976-today1976-today Climate ChangeClimate Change BiodiversityBiodiversity EnergyEnergy

For further reading...For further reading... Wilderness and the American Mind - Wilderness and the American Mind - Roderick Roderick

Frazier NashFrazier Nash Theodore Rex - Theodore Rex - Edmund MorrisEdmund Morris John Muir: America’s Naturalist - John Muir: America’s Naturalist - Thomas LockerThomas Locker