The histology of the parathyroid glands

Position: on the dorsal surface of the thyroid glandDevelopmental origin: the endoderm of the 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouchesCell types:

Chief cellsOxyphil cells

Hormone synthetised: parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Slide 69, parathyroid gland, H&E, 10x

oxyphil cellsoxyphil cells

chief cellschief cells

capillariescapillaries

Slide 69, parathyroid gland, H&E, 40x

oxyphil cellsoxyphil cells

chief cellschief cells

adipocytesadipocytes

To identify the chief and oxyphil cells

The histology of the adrenal(suprarenal) gland

z. reticularis

z. fasciculata

z. glomerulosa

sympathetic tone

adrenalin / noradrenalin

ectoderm (neural crest)

cords or clumps

medulla

ACTHsexual steroids

irregular cords

ACTHgluco-corticoids

straight cords

renin-angiotensin system

mineralo-corticoids

mesoderm

nests

cortex

Regulating hormones

Hormones secreted

Develop-mental origin

Arrange-ment of cells

Regions

Slide 70, adrenal gland, H&E, 4x

medullamedulla

cortexcortex

capsulecapsule

z. glomerulosaz. glomerulosa

z. reticularisz. reticularis

z. fasciculataz. fasciculata

Slide 70, adrenal gland - cortex, H&E, 10x

capsulecapsule

Slide 70, zona glomerulosa, H&E, 40x

endocrineendocrinecellscells

Slide 70, zona fasciculata, H&E, 40x

sinusessinuses

endocrineendocrinecellscells

Slide 70, zona reticularis, H&E, 40x

sinusessinuses

endocrine cellsendocrine cells

Adrenal gland medulla:modified postganglionic neurons

Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla ~Postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Slide 70, adrenal gland - medulla, H&E, 40x

sinusessinuses

arteriolearteriole

chromaffin cellschromaffin cells

Adrenal gland medulla:blood supply and function

Cortical sinuses: steroid hormone content adrenergic cells

Direct arterioles to the medulla: nutritive vessels

noradrenergic cells

To identify the parts of the adrenal gland and the listed structures:Cortex:

zona glomerulosazona fasciculatazona reticularis

Medulla: chromaffin cells, sinuses

secretin, motilin, substance-P

PPVIPsomato-statin

insulinglucagonHormone secreted

5-107015-20Proportion(%)

outside the islets,in the wall of exocrine

glands

scatteredcentralperipheralLocation

ECFD1DBACell type

The cell types of the islets of Langerhans (colocalization: Zenker-formol fixation, Mallory-Azan staining)

Slide 50, pancreas, H&E, 10x

exocrineexocrinepancreaspancreas

islets of Langerhansislets of Langerhans

septumseptum

lobuluslobulus

Slide 50, pancreas, H&E, 40x

islet of Langerhansislet of Langerhans

capillarycapillary

To identify the islets of Langerhansin the pancreas

The histology of the corpus luteum

Development: Graafian follicle ovulationCorpus haemorrhagicumCorpus luteum

Corpus luteum menstruationisCorpus luteum graviditatis

Corpus albicans

Cell types:Granulosa-lutein cellsTheca-lutein cells

Slides 71, corpus luteum, H&E, 4x

ovarian cortexovarian cortex

corpus luteumcorpus luteum

folliclesfollicles

Slide 71, corpus luteum, H&E, 10x

thecatheca--lutein cellslutein cells

granulosagranulosa--lutein cellslutein cells

Slide 71, corpus luteum, H&E, 40x

thecatheca--lutein cellslutein cells

granulosagranulosa--lutein cellslutein cells

To identfy the corpus luteum and its cell types:

Granulosa-lutein cellsTheca-lutein cells