histology - endocrine system - yale...
TRANSCRIPT
Endocrine System
Cerebralcortex
Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
Adrenalgland Thyroid
Target tissue
Releasing Hormones
ACTH TSH
Cortisol T3/T4
Low Blood Pressure
Aldosterone
Pancreas
Glucose
Insulin
Parathyroid
Low Ca2+
PTH
Pituitary Gland
Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Stalk Hypothalamic Axons
Cluster of hormome-secreting cells
Axon termini release hormones
• Growth Hormone (GH)• Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
(ACTH)• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)• Prolactin• Leutenizing Hormone (LH)• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Anterior Pituitary• Oxytocin• Vasopressin
Posterior Pituitary
Anterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Stalk
Optic Chiasm
Pituitary
Acidophil
Basophil
Chromophobe
Anterior Pituitary
Reticulin Fibers
Capillary
• Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) -> GH
• Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) -> ACTH
• Thryotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) -> TSH
• Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone -> FSH and LH
Hypothalamus hormones that regulate release of pituitary hormones
Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
Portal Vein
1. Neurons synthesize hormone-releasing hormones
3. Hormone-releasing hormones diffuse out of secondary plexus to stimulate acidophils and basophils.
4. Hormones from acidophils and basophils diffuse into secondary plexus and distribute throughout the body.
2. Neurons release hormone-releasing hormones into primary capillary plexus.
Fenestrated Endothelium
Somatotroph
Secretory Granule
Anterior Pituitary
Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Stalk Hypothalamic Axons
Cluster of hormome-secreting cells
Axon termini release hormones
Herring Body
PituicyteBlood Vessel
Posterior Pituitary
Capillary Lumen
Fenestrated Endothelium
Axon Terminus
Posterior Pituitary
Adrenal Glands
GlomerulosaFasciculataReticularis
CortexMedulla
Adrenal Gland
Glomerulosa CapsuleFasciculata
Trabecula
Zona Glomerulosa
Fasciculata
Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
CRH TRH
TSHACTH
AdrenalGlands
Cortisol T4/T3
ThyrotrophCorticotroph
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Cell
Target Cell
Hormone
Throphic Hormone Nega
tive
Feed
back
Nega
tive
Feed
back
Cortisol Pathway T4/T3 Pathway
Thyroid
O
CH3
HOCH3
C O
CH2OH
O
CH3
HOC
C O
CH2OH
O
H
O
CH3
HOCH3
C O
CH2OH
OH
O
CH3
OCH3
C O
CH2OH
OH
AldosteroneCorticosterone
Cortisol
Cortisone
GlomerulosaCells
17 α-Hydroxylase
11 β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD)
Cholesterol
Reticularis
Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis
Medulla
Reticularis
Adrenal Medulla
Thyroid
C-cell
Colloid
Principle Cell
Thyroid
Na+ I-
I-I0
CH2
OH
CH2
OH
CH2
OH
CH2
OH
CH2
OH
CH2
OH
CH2
OH
CH2
OHCH2
O
OH
CH2
O
OH
CH2
O
OH
CH2
O
OH
Thyroglobulin secretion
Iodination
EndocyticVesicle
Lysosome
Conjugation
Cl-
T3 T4
TPO
T4T3
Colloid
Principle Cell
Interstitium
CRH TRH
TSHACTH
AdrenalGlands
Cortisol T4/T3
ThyrotrophCorticotroph
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Cell
Target Cell
Hormone
Throphic Hormone Nega
tive
Feed
back
Nega
tive
Feed
back
Cortisol Pathway T4/T3 Pathway
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Chief Cells
Oxyphil Cell
Parathyroid
Endocrine Pancreas
Exocrine Pancreas
Islet of Langerhans
Endocrine Pancreas
Cytosol
Interstitium
PO3
Glycolysis TCA Cycle
ATP
CO2 H2O
K+
Ca+
ATP-binding closes channel
Membrane depolarization open channel
Calcium-binding triggers fusion Insulin
Glucose
Glucokinase