Political ScienceAn Introduction

Political Science• from Greek word polis,

meaning a city or equivalent of today’s sovereign state.

“Political”

• from Latin word scire, meaning “to know”

“Science”

Political Science It is the systematic study of state and

government. It is a social science that deals with

the ways human beings organize and govern themselves.

Political Science It is the association of human beings

into a political community, one, organized under a government and law. (De Leon, 2002)

Politics Politics, the struggle among actors

pursuing conflicting desires on public issues (Van Dyke, 2004)

Politics is the struggle of “who gets what, when, how”

Political Science as Science

It observes the cardinal rules of scientific logic.

It has to be grounded on

the comparative analysis of many political systems.

Political Science as Art

The power to perform selective recreation of reality inspired by experience, study, and observation.

Scope of Political Science

Politics

Government

Political system

Power

Scope of pol.sci. De Leon (2008)1. Political Theory – the entire body of

doctrines relating to the origin, form, behavior, and purposes of the state

Scope of pol.sci.

2. Public law

Organization of government

Limitations upon government authority

Powers and duties of government

Obligation of one state to another

Scope of pol.sci.3. Public

Administration – focuses on the methods and techniques used in the actual management of state affairs by executive, legislative, and judiciary.

Red-Tape

Exercise Napoles controversy Role of PNoy Democracy Spratly issue ASEAN Germany has bicameral legislative assembly,

Bundestag and Bundesrat Right against self-incrimination (ArtIII, Sec17 of

Phil.Cons.) Man by nature, is a political animal Anti-Red Tape Act (ARTA) of 2007

StateDefinition, Its Elements and Origin

State Defined State is a community of persons

more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from external control.

The Four Elements of the StatesPeople

- an organization of human beings living together as a community

Territory- a geographical area that is owned

and controlled by a government or country to exercise such state sovereignty.

The Four Elements of the StatesGovernment

- is the executive branch of the state and has the role to administer the state uniformly in the following aspects: political, economic, social, cultural, use of natural resources, environmental protection, national defense and security, and foreign affairs.

Sovereignty- is the quality of having supreme,

independent authority over a territory.

Two types of SovereigntyInternal Sovereignty

-  is the relationship between a sovereign power and its own subjects.

External Sovereignty- concerns the relationship

between a sovereign power and other states

Origin of States

Natural TheoryThe social urge of the human being

to be within a group of as “man is a social being.”

Patriarchal TheoryState evolves from the enlargement

of family under the authority of the parents or the elders

Origin of States3. Force Theory

Through the constant war and invasion of the great warriors in the ancient time dominated the weak that later on formed a state.4. Divine Right Theory

State is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained by God to govern the people

Origin of States5. Social Contract Theory

Formed by deliberate and voluntary compact among the people to form a society and organize government for their common good

Distinction Between State and Nation

State

• Political concept• Not subject to

external control• May consist of

one or more nations

Nation

• Ethnic concept• May or may not

be indepen-dent of external control

• May consist of one or more states

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