hist 017 week 4 new weapons w2014

7/23/2019 HIST 017 Week 4 New Weapons W2014

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History of WarNew Weapons, New TacticsAlena Papayanis, PhD


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The Middle AgesEarly 300-1000 A.D.

igh 1000-1300 A.D.

!ate 1300-1"00 A.D.


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#New Weapons, New

Tactics$13thc., in%antry too& on 'ore i'portant role in

western war%are

!ong(ow

)ross(ow


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#New Weapons, New

Tactics$

Platear'o*r +e*dal

caalry


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#New Weapons, New

Tactics$Political factors

+le'ish ago(ert the /r*ceeign 130-

1324


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#Pi&es and /ows$5*ited a modest social background

The spear, the hal(erd, the pi&e, the cl*(, and

the a6e


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#Pi&es and /ows$The English *sed 'en-at ar's 7ghting with

archers, and 'o*nted 'en-at-ar's

New tactical syste', where(y archers andcavalry now combined


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8the 5cots9 iss*ed %ro' the woods in three(attalions on %oot, (oldly holding their co*rsedirect %or the English ar'y, which had (een*nder ar's all night, with their horses (itted.

The English, who were not acc*sto'ed to7ght on %oot, 'o*nted with '*ch alar':whereas the 5cots had ta&en the e6a'ple o%the +le'ings who earlier at )o*rtrai had, on%oot, de%eated the %orces o% +rance. )ont;d


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The a%oresaid 5cots ca'e all in a line inschiltrons 8cl*ster o% spear'en9 and attac&edthe English %or'ations, which were =a''edtogether and co*ld do nothing against the'(eca*se their horses were i'paled on thepi&es. The 'en at the English rear recoiledinto the raine o% the /annoc&(*rn, each%alling oer the others.$ p. 3->4


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#Pi&es and /ows$5*ccess o% the 5cots? aggressive rush by

massed infantry

Deelop'ents did not catch on eerywhere


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The *ndred @ears War133-1>"34#War o% )onB*est %or the English and o% sel%-

de%ense and sel%-assertion %or the +rench$

p.>4E6perience o% war trans%or'ed (oth

England;s *se o% hit and r*n raids

Treaty o% /retigny 13045econd phase 13-134

Third phase 1>1"-1>"34


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The *ndred @ears War?

/roader ECects+rance wins and dries England oC continent

eal winners were 'onarchies and state? had

'ore reso*rces 100 @ears War ta6ation4sed reso*rces %or larger ar'ies andper'anent standing ar'ies

1>"0 +rance asse'(led 7rst standing ar'y

o% 20,000-2",000


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Fn 'y yo*th the< English were ta&en to (ethe 'ee&est o% the (ar(arians. Today theyare a 7ercely (ellicose nation. They haeoert*rned the ancient 'ilitary glory o% the

+rench (y ictories so n*'ero*s that they,who once were in%erior to the wretched 5cots,hae red*ced the entire &ingdo' o% +rance (y7re and sword to s*ch a state that F, who had

traersed it lately on (*siness, had to %orce'ysel% to (eliee that it was the sa'e co*ntryF had seen (e%ore. G*tside the walls o% townsthere was not, as it were, one (*ilding le%t

standing. p. "-4


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The raid chea*cheH4Fnti'idating

Not sophisticated ar'o*r or weapons

5'all or cheap (reed o% horsesse o% co''on soldier

Moed %ast with troops spread o*t in parallelcol*'ns


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#5ieges and Artillery$Fn 1>1" the English t*rned to a war of

conquest for total victory

The siegeEnd of the war and its broader eects


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#The *ssites and the

5wiss$Cost of war increased

Not all innoations were expensive

/ohe'ian *ssites lead (y Iohn *ss War o%Fndependence 1>00-1>2"4

Military leader Iohn JiK&a? particular styleof ghting


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#The *ssites and

the 5wiss$Wagenburgen

Peasant!s

instrumenttransformed


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5wiss$5wiss consisted 'ainly o% pi&e'en and

handg*nners


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5wiss$Tactics 7t with collective aggression

5wiss ha(it o% challenging the enemy

Trained and prepared to %ace the caalrycharge


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#The 5*rial o% )aalry$Cavalrystill pop*lar in Ftaly, +rench,

/*rg*ndy

5*rial o% the traditional social order "feudalism in +rance and /*rg*ndy

Plate armour


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#The !ate Medieal

Ar'y$Gthers dominated by infantry

Fn 1>thc England, the nor'al ratio inrecr*iting caalry and in%antry was 1?2, raisingto 1?3, and as high as 1?10

atio diCered and ar'ies aried in siKe

Medieal warfare at sea


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#The 5tate at War$#tate$formation and preservation

Northern E*rope, England, and +rance and thetraditional social system

Eent*ally 'en were paid for their service


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#The 5tate at War$This 'eant that?central a*thority and taxation%indenture& England4, #letter de reten*e$

+rance4, and condotta Ftaly4


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#The 5tate at War$'ndenturewas i'portant (oth practically and

sy'(olically?right o% a society;s leaders to decideright to appoint 'engae the right to insist on standards

Need to apply discipline

*ler also had obligations


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#The E6a'ple o% the

Ancients$(oman tradition o% waging war

The desire to create a permanent army

/*t spread o% gunpowderweapons B*ic&lytrans%or'ed the nat*re o% war%are in the Westwe;ll tal& a(o*t that ne6t wee&L4

hist 017 week 4 new weapons w2014

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