hindi magazine march 2015 ,nepal

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cf} / cfly{s ;fdflhs ;] ;DalGwt hf] eL ljifo y] o] ;eL bnf] + sf ;fd"lxs Ph] 08f yf lsGt' ;do s] ;fy d'b\bf] + cf} / pg;] h'8ÞL ljrf/ wf/ fPF kl/ jlt{t xf] tL+ rnL uO{+ . lj/ f] w sf hf] : j/ cfh pe/ s/ ;fdg] cf / xf x} ox p;L sf gtLhf x} .

ax'dt s] db d] + r"/ ;Qf kIf cfh s'5 ljrlnt gh/ cf / xL x} . o] abn] x'P df} ;d sf c;/ x} of lkm/ xtfz dgf] bzf sf o] sxgf d'lZsn xf] uf . lsGt' v'nf d+r k/ tL; bnLo bnf] + g] hf] ckgf zlSt k|bz{g lsof x} p;g] ;QfkIf sf] cjZo ;f] rg] k/ ljjz lsof x'cf x} . Psaf/ lkm/ ;xdlt sL xjf axg] s] cf;f/ gh/ cf / x] x} + . lsGt' Pdfn] s] cl8Þonkg jfn] ?v g] ;QfkIf d] + eL xnrn nf lbof x} . sfFu|] ; sf Ps a8Þf s'gaf ;xdlt s] kIf d] + x} cf} / jxL+ Pdfn] ox ;dLIff s/ / xf x} ls p;s] ;Qf d] + xf] g] sf cf} lrTo Sof x} . o] aft] + b/ f/ sL kxnL / ] vf tf] lbvf xL / xL x} .

!^ ut] zlgjf/ sf] v'nfd+r d] + pd8Þf hg ;} nfa ;QfkIf sf] cfTdljZn] if0f s/ g] k/ ljjz s/ / xf x} cf} / nrLn] kg sf zdf eL aFw / xf x} . xfFnfls ;xdlt s] lnP ;+ljwfg ;ef sL ax'dtLo k|lqmof s'5 ;do s] lnP : ylut s/ s] ;QfkIf ljkIfL df] rf{ ;] jftf{ s] lnP cfXjfg s/ tf cfof x} . k/ df] rf{ o] sx s/ OGsf/ s/ / xf x} ls ceL jftf{ sf cg's"n jftfj/ 0f t} of/ gxL+ x} . k/ sfFu|] ; s] ;xdxfd+qL k"0f{axfb'/ v8\sf sf sxgf x} ls lkmnxfn cgf} krfl/ s

tx d] + aft] + xf] / xL x} + hNb xL cf} krfl/ s jftf{ sL ;Defjgf x} . cf} / a} 7s d] + nrLn] ?v sf] ckgft] x'P jftf{ xf] uL cf} / p;s] afb xL k|lqmof cfu] a9ÞfO{ hfPuL . pGxf] +g] sxf ls ;QfkIf ceL s'5 lbg ;+ljwfg;ef k|lqmof sf] / f] s s/ ljkIfL df] rf{ s] ;fy jftf{ s/ g] sL dgMl: ylt d] + x} . ;QfkIf sL t/ km ;] xf] / x] O; ;sf/ fTds sf] lzz sL kxn zfob Pdfn] sf] / f; gxL+ cf / xL x} . of lkm/ pGx] + nug] nuf x} ls ax't hNb ;Qf ;] afx/ sf / f: tf jf] eL gfkg] jfn] x} + O;lnP pGxf] +g] ox sxgf z'? s/ lbof x} ls ha xd ;+ljwfg gxL+ b] kfP tf] ;Qf d] + Sof] + / xgf < hxfF Ps cf] / jftf{ sf dfxf} n ag / xf x} jxfF Pdfn] sL cf] / ;] P] ;] jStJo sf cfgf ox ;+s] t s/ / xf x} ls ;QfkIf d] + ax't hNb abnfj xf] g] jfnf x} . cfh Pdfn] sL ax'dtLo k|lqmof a9Þfg] sL tTk/ tf OtgL clws a9Þ uO{ x} ls o] ljkIfL df] rf{ sf jftf{ d] + cfg] ts sf O+thf/ gxL+ s/ gf rfxt] x} + .

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sFfu|] ; cf} / Pdfn] sL lhDd] bf/ L agtL x} ls ;xh xf] / x] jftfj/ 0f sf] cf} / eL ;xh agfP cf} / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL k|lqmof sf] cfu] a9ÞfP . ;+ljwfg ;ef kIf cf} / ljkIf sf gxL+ xf] tf x} . O; aft sf Wofg ca cf} /

eL clws ;Qf kIf sf] / vgf xf] uf Sof] +ls ;ft cf} / cf7 df3 sf] hf] x'cf jf] ;ag] b] vf . hxfF ax'dt s] db d] + P] ;] sbd p7fP uP hf] lgM;Gb] x ;xL gxL+ y] . cGt/ f{i6«Lo lgsfo cf} / gful/ s ;dfh sf ljkIfL df] rf{ k/ nuftf/ bjfa cf / xf x} ls jf] jftf{ d] + hfPF . lsGt' df] rf{ sf sxgf x} ls ha ts ax'dtLo k|lqmof vfl/ h gxL+ xf] uL teL ts jftf{ sf sf] O{ cf} lrTo gxL+ x} . df] rf{, df3 % s] lbg jftf{ lh; laGb' k/ ?sL yL jftf{ jxL+ ;] z'? s/ gf rfx / xL x} . cf} / cu/ sfFu|] ; O; k/ nrLnf ?v ckgftL x} tf] ox Pdfn] seL eL ;xg gxL+ s/ ] uf . df3 % d] + ;+3Lotf s] cnfjf ;eL d;nf] + k/ nueu aft] + to xf] r'sL yL+ . lsGt' k|ZgfjnL ;ldlt ax'dt b\jf/ f agfP hfg] sL aft k/ ;+ljwfg ;ef d] + ljklIfof] + b\jf/ f tf] 8Þkmf] 8Þ h} ;L czf] egLo 36gf x'O{ yL, lsGt' ljklIfof] + s] ;fdg] d/ tf Sof gf s/ tf jfnL l: ylt yL hf] p; 36gf sL lgldQ agL . df] rf{ sf dfggf x} ls lh; laGb' k/ jftf{ cj/ f] lwt x'O{ p;L ljifo

;] k'gM z'? sL hfo tf] jftfj/ 0f ;xh xf] ;stf x} . ;+3Lotf s] gfd, ;Ldf+sg, k"j{ sf emfkf, df] / Ë cf} / ;'g;/ L tyf ;'b"/ klZrd s] s} nfnL cf} / s+rgk'/ s] lhnf s] ljifo d] + Hofbf ljjfb x} . hals ;+3Lo k|b] z sL ;+Vof nueu ^ ;] ( ts to xf] r'sL x} . zf;sLo : j¿k, lgjf{rg k|0ffnL, Gofo k|0ffnL d] + bnf] + s] aLr sf] O{ vf; dte] b gxL+ lbv / x] x} + . O; cj: yf d] + b] z sf] b\jG4 sL / fx k/ g ws] n s/ cu/ ;xdlt sL / fx lgsfn nL hfo tf] ox ;eL s] lxt d] + xf] uf . hgtf o'4 gxL+ rfxtL ox aft g] tfcf] + sf] ;demgL xf] uL . Pdfcf] jfbL s] jl/ i7 g] tf afa'/ fd e6\/ fO{ g] ckg] ef/ t e|d0f d] + ox aft hflx/ sL ls zflGt k|lqmof d] + hf] cj/ f] w cf / xf x} p;d] + k"j{ sL xL efFlt ef/ t s] ;xof] u sL ck] Iff g] kfn s/ tf x} . g] kfn ceL lh; ;+qmd0f sfn ;] u'h/ / xf x} p;d] + ;LdfGts[t cf} / lk58Þ] ;d'bfo sL cfjfh sf] cu/ ;Daf] lwt gxL+ lsof uof tf] s'5 eL xf] ;stf x} cf} / sfFu|] ;, Pdfn] sL x7 sL jhx ;] g] kfn b\jG4 sL / fx k/ rng] sf] ljjz xf] hfPuf . e6\/ fO{ sL ox wf/ 0ff : ki6 s/ tL x} ls df] rf{ eL o'4 sL / fx gxL+ ks8Þgf rfx / xf x} . lsGt' ;QfkIf sL x7wld{tf O; / fx sf] r'gg] s] lnP ljjz s/ / xL x} . Sof] +ls Pdfn] cfh eL ckgL xL lhb k/ c8Þ] x'O{ x} + .

;+ljwfg ;xdlt d] + xL lgdf{0f xf] gf rflxP ox aft x/ cf] / ;] cf / xL x} . ;xdlt sf] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg d] + eL kl/ eflift lsof uof x} cf} / nf] stGq d] + ;d: t gful/ s sf] wfld{s, cfly{s cf} / Goflos clwsf/ k|fKt x} . O;sf ;Ddfg ;QfkIf sf] s/ gf xL xf] uf cf} / hgtf sL cfjfh sf] eL ;Daf] wg s/ gf xL xf] uf, gxL+ tf] b] z sL l: ylt cf} / eL bogLo cf} / cfu] sL / fx lglZrt tf} / k/ b'?x xf] hfPuL . lll

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…xl/ of] jg g] kfnsf] wgÚ h} ;L plSt sf] k"0f{t M lgikmn agft] x'P dw] ;L hgtf sL pGglt Pj+ cfly{s ;DkGgtf sf] k"0f{tM ljWj+z s/ g] s] pB] Zo ;] x'nfsL dfu{ agfg] s] abn] / fhf dx] Gb| g] k"j{ ;] klZrd s] t/ fO{ k|b] z sf] hf] 8g] jfnL k"j{–klZrd dx] Gb| / fhdfu{ sL kl/ sNkgf s/ t] x'P dw] zL hgtf s] ;fy ;f} t] nf Jojxf/ : j¿k l8hfOg lsof, lh;;] g] kfn sf jg k|b] z gi6 xf] hfo . p;L ;do ;] dw] ;L hgtf cf} / dw] z s] ;fy ;f} t] n] kg sf Jojxf/ / fHo sL cf] / ;] lsof hf / xf x} . O;L wf/ 0ff s] hgs / fhf dx] Gb| cf} / p;sL s'lT;t dgf] j[lQ sf] xL cfh sL nf] stflGqs ;/ sf/ eL k'li6 s/ g] d+] ckgL e"ldsf k|an ¿k d] + lgjf{x s/ g] d] + nuL x} . dw] zL hgtf cf} / dw] ; k|lt / fhf dx] Gb| sf cb"/ bzL{ Jojxf/ cf} / sn'lift dgf] j[lQ sf] k'i6 s/ g] d] + nf] stflGqs jt{dfg ;/ sf/ sL eL ;'if'Kt dgf] j[lQ ljut s'5 jiff] {+ ;] dxf] Q/ L lhnf s] ;b/ d'sfd hn] Zj/ l: yt sfof{nof] + sL zfvfP+ alb{jf; d] + nfg] sf lg0f{o s] lj/ f] w : j¿k hn] Zj/ cfGbf] ng

sL 36gf s'5 dxLg] kxn] l;d|f} gu9 d] + ;8Þs d/ Ddt sL dfu : j¿k o'jf ljBfyL{ åf/ f rnfP uP cfGbf] ng s] qmd d] + k|x/ L bdg : j¿k Ps k|bz{gsf/ L o'jf sL d[To' sL 36gf tyf ljut s'5 xL lbg kxn] jf/ f lhnf s] ;b/ d'sfd sn} of cfGbf] ng sL 36gfcf] + ;] phfu/ xf] tL x'O{ kxf8L–dw] ;L aLr : yflkt cGt;+3if{ sf] xjf b] g] d] + k"0f{tM ;kmn xf] tL lbvfO{ b] tL x} .

;do–;do d] + dw] z d] + hn] Zj/ , l;d|f} gu9 tyf jf/ f d] + cfd hgtf sf] bdg s/ s] ;/ sf/ rnfg] jfn] g] kfnL sf+u|] ; Pj+ g] skf Pdfn] s] g] tfu0f ox lbvfg] d] + k"0f{ ;kmn lbvfO{ b] t] x} + ls jt{dfg nf] stflGqs ;/ sf/ eL / fhf dx] Gb| s] sn'lift, cb"/ bzL{ sfo{qmdf] + sf] lqmfoflGjt s/ k|ltlqmof cf} /

bdg s/ g] d] + ;an–;Ifd x} + . jt{dfg ;/ sf/ sL cljrfl/ t Pj+ lqmoflGjt sfo{qmdf] + s] cfwf/ k/ sltko cfnf] rs åf/ f cf/ f] k nufof hf / xf x} ls g] kfnL sf+u|] ; tyf g] skf Pdfn] s] g] tf nf] u lg/ Lx cf} / lgsDd] x} + . jt{dfg ;/ sf/ s] k|wfgdGqL ;] n] s/ u[xdGqL ;d] t g] sn} ofjf;L hgtf k/ c>'u} ; tyf uf] nL åf/ f bdg s/ s] ckg] lgsDd] kg sf] l;4 lsof x} . Otgf xL gxL af/ f lhnf d] + xL s'5 dxLg] kxn] o'jf ljBfly{of] + åf/ f P] ltxfl;s afhf/ l;d|f} gu9Þ d] + hL0f{–zL0f{ / f: t] sf] agfg] sL df+u s/ t] x'P cfGbf] ngsf/ L ljBfyL{-hgtf_ sL xTof s/ s] ox ;/ sf/ ckgL jL/ tf kxn] eL lbvf r'sL x} . lk5n] s'5 ;do d] + Ps ;Ktfx ts af/ f s] sn} of afhf/ sf] tgfj k"0f{ agfs/ , jxf+ sL hgtf sf] pQ] lht s/ , pgs] eLt/ ;'if'Kt cGt;{+3ifsf] phfu/ s/ dw] ;L hgtf sf] ox af] w s/ fg] d] ox ;/ sf/ ;kmn / xL x} ls / fHo zf;g unt gLlt nfu" s/ g] tyf dw] ;L hgtf sf] bdg s/ g] d] + seL kL5] gxL+ / x] uL .

af/ f s] dfnkf] t cf} / gfkL sfof{no sL zfvf lj: tf/ s/ g] jfnL jt{dfg ;/ sf/ sL gLlt lg0f{o Pj+ k|ltlqmof sf] b] vs/ hf] sf] O{ eL l6Kk0fL s/ ;stf x} ls sn} of sL 36gf ;/ sf/ sL ;f] rL ;demL / 0fgLlt s] txt x'O{ x} . ;'ljrfl/ t cf} / ;'lgof] lht ¿k d+] 36fO{ uO{ 36gf x} . : yfgLo hgbafa s] sf/ 0f xL ;/ sf/ ckgL k'/ fgL of] hgf cf} / lg0f{o sf] nfu" s/ g] ;] kL5] x6g] sf] afWo x'O{

k+rfotL / fi6«jfb sf cjz] if–sn} of 36gf

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ljrf/ dLdf+zf

9lxdflngL dfr{ @)!%

ljrf/ dLdf+zf

x} . @)&! cflZjg #) ut] ;/s f/ g] af/ f s] l;d/ f d] + dfnkf] t cf} / gfkL sfof{no : yfkgf s/ g] sf lg0f{o s/ s] af/ fjf;L hgtf sL gf8ÞL s] 66f] ng] sf sfd lsof yf . ;/ sf/ L lg0f{o d] + if8\oGq sL a" cfg] sf cg'ej s/ g] jfnL sn} of jf;L hgtf s] x[bo d] + pTkGg s|f] wflUg sf] b] vs/ ;/ sf/ kL5] x6L cyf{t\ dw] z d] + af/ f ;/ sf/ sf] cfGbf] ng kZrft\ ckg] lg0f{o ;] kL5] x6gf k8Þ / xf x} lkm/ eL ;/ sf/ ;Dj] bg z"Gotf sL l: ylt d] + sfd s/ tL hf / xL x} . lh; ;] ;/ sf/ k/ lgsDd] kg cf} / lg/ Lx xf] g] sf cf/ f] k : jfefljs nutf x} .

k+rfot sfn ;] n] s/ cfh s] u0ftflGqs ;/ sf/ s] ;do ts seL eL dw] z k|b] z s] ;fy dfgl;s ¿k d] + / fHo zf;g seL cljefHo c+u s] ¿k Jojxf/ s/ tf gxL+ lbvtf x} . dw] ; ;d: of ;DaGwL n] vs, ljrf/ s km] 8l/ s Ph u] h s] ljrf/ fg';f/ t/ fO{ sL k|fb] lzstf sL ;d: of O; k|b] z sL a9ÞtL cfly{s x} l;ot cf} / oyfl: yltjfbL / fhgLlts xl: tof] + s] aLr c;dfg ¿k d] + cfu] a9LÞ x} . km] 8l/ s g] ckgL k': ts g] kfn d] + If] qLotf cf} / / fi6«Lo Pstf d] + ljljw ;d: ofcf] + sf] / ] vf+lst s/ t] x'cf sxf x} ls / fhgLlts k|ltlglwTj d] + kxfl8of] + sf] jr{: j ^)–&) s] bzs d] +

hf] yf cfh sL @! jL ztfAbL d] + eL sf] O{ vf; kms{ gxL+ k8f x} . oxf+ sL ;d: ofcf] + sf k|zf;lgs cf} / ef} uf] lns t/ Ls] ;] ;dfwfg s/ t] ;do g] kfn s/ 0f gfd s] kxf8L / fi6«jfb dw] z d] + nfbg] sf sfd ;jf] {kl/ / xf, kmn: j¿k ;d: of ;dfwfg s/ g] s] abn] ljljw k|sf/ ;] Jojwfg dfq ;do–;do d] + yf] kf hftf / xf .

t/ fO{ s] ;eL lhn] d] + hg3gTj sf ef/ blIf0fL efu d] + ljBdfg x} k/ oftfoft sL ;'ljwf, ljB't ;'ljwf, pQ/ e] u cyf{t k"j{–klZrd / fhdfu{ s] Ob{lub{ s] lGb|t / vf uof x} . zx/ Ls/ 0f sf lj: tf/ eL O;L If] q d] + lsof uof x} tf] k|zf;lgs s] Gb| s] lgdf{0f sf] eL O;L If] q d] + Jofkstf bL uO{ x} . jt{dfg ;do d] + blIf0fL ;b/ d'sfd d] + l: yt ;] jf k|bfoL sfof{nof] + sf] lj: tf/ s/ g] s] ahfoæ5fofÆ ;b/ d'sfd lgdf{0f s/ g] sL cf] / cle?lr lbvfO{ hf / xL x} hf] dxtL lrGtf sf ljifo x} . dw] ; s] lGb|t lhnf] + s] blIf0fL of cGo : yfgf] + d] + ;] jf s] Gb| lj: tf/ s/ g] sf ;/ sf/ L k|of; gu0o ¿k d] + x'cf x} P] ;L cg'e"lt cfd dw] ;L hgtf s] ;fy–;fy cGo ;dLIfs eL s/ t] cf / x] x} + . P] ltxfl;s : yn l;d|f} gu9 d] + oftfoft ;] n] s/ ;] jf s] Gb| s] lj: tf/ s/ g] d] + ;/ sf/ Pj+ / fHo k|zf;g sL c?lr s] k|ltlqmof: j¿k

dfu{lgdf{0f sL df+u s] qmd d] + ;+3if{ x'cf lh; d+] cflZjg @% ut] hogf/ fo0f k6] n sL d[To' ;z: q k|x/ L sL uf] nL ;] x'O{ yL cf} / pGxL sL uf] nL ;] 3fon Ps JolSt zfx df] xDdb xjf/ L ceL eL kL8Þf em] n / xf x} .

O; k|sf/ dw] zL hgtf ;/ sf/ gf} s/ zfxL cf} / kxfl8Þof / fi6«jfb cg'¿k lgld{t gLlt sf lzsf/ xf] t] cf / xL x} . dw] z k|lt lje] bk"0f{ / fhgLlt hjts rntL / x] uL tjts ;/ sf/ s] k|lt k|lt/ f] w k"0f{ sfo{qmd lg/ Gt/ rntf / x] uf . b'ikl/ 0ffd: j¿k ;/ sf/ cf} / dw] zL hgtf s] aLr pTkGg c/ fhs l: ylt sf lhDd] jf/ ;/ sf/ sf bf] x/ f dfkb08 x} . ;/ sf/ cf} / dw] ;L hgtf s] aLr ;/ sf/ gf} s/ zfxL åf/ f cf/ f] lkt åGå sf} g ;f pu| ¿k n] uf sxf gxL hf ;stf . O;L 36gf s] k|ltlqmof: j¿k cvjf/ hnfg] sf sfo{, ;Qf;Lg kfl6{of] + s] sfof{nof] + d] + cfuhgL h} ;L 36gf lx+;fTds xf] g] sf ;+s] t b] tL x} . ctM / fHo k|zf;g sL gLlt lgwf{/ s s] ¿k d] + nDa] ;do ;] sfod k+rfotL / fi6«afb åf/ f ;[lht c;Gt'ng dw] ;L–kxf8L aLr pTkGg cGt;{+3if{, cfqmf] z sf] dx] Gb| / fhdfu{ s] Ob{–lub{ 5fof ;b/ d'sfd agfg] sL ;/ sf/ L of] hgf dw] l;of] + sf] pQ] lht s/ / xL x} hf] / fhgLlts cb"/ blz{tf tyf j} rfl/ s lje] b sf kl/ rfos x} lh;] ;xg gxL+ lsof hf ;stf x} . ;du| d] ++ ;/ sf/ gf} s/ zfxf] + tyf ;Qf;Lg kfl6{of] + sf] ;f] rg] sf ;do cf uof x} ls ls;L vf; hflt ;d"x If] qut gLlt lgdf{0f ckgfg] k/ sn} of d] + ljb|f] x sL cfu e8Þs ;stL x} . t;y{ dw] z s] blIf0fL e] u d] + eG;f/ cf} / k|x/ L rf} sL dfq : yflkt s/ zf;g s/ g] jfn] lgsfof] + sf lj: tf/ k/ ;] jf k|bfg s/ g] jfn] lgsfof] + sf lj: tf/ pQ/ L e] u d] + : yflkt s/ g] sL ;f] r sf] 5f] 8Þ dw] z s] af/ ] d] + dw] l;of] + sf] km} ;nf n] g] sf clwsf/ b] gf rflxo] . cGtlj{/ f] w s/ g] h} ;] sfd d] + ;/ sf/ sf] xfy gxL 8fngf rflxP . lll

10 lxdflngLdfr{ @)!%

) : jtGq dw] z sf gf/ f n] s/ cfk Psnf rnf] sL gLlt ckgfP x'P x} +, ox sxfF ts sf/ u/ l;4 xf] uL <

– d} + ca cs] nf gxL+ x"F, zfob ha rnf yf tf] cs] nf yf k/ , ceL dw] z sL hgtf d] / ] ;fy x} . d} + hf] cfjfh p7f / xf x"F dw] z sf] n] s/ , ox cfjfh k"/ L dw] zL cjfd sL x} , O;lnP jf] d] / ] ;fy x} + . cf} / ox dfFu gO{ gxL+ x} , xfF O;] seL k'/ hf] / cfjfh gxL+ ldnL cf} / g xL k|efjzfnL t/ Ls] p7fof uof . Ps eo cf} / qf; pgs] dg d] + yf k/ ca jf] ;zSt xf] / x] x} + . ckgL kxrfg cf} / clwsf/ s] lnP ;hu xf] / x] x} + . cfh cu/ ox Ps 3/ sL cfjfh x} tf] sn ox ;Dk"0f{ dw] z sL cfjfh agg] jfnL x} . ) Sof cfksf] gxL+ nutf ls cfksf] sf] O{ d+r sL cfjZostf x} of ceL cfk l;km{ eL8Þ h'6fg] sf sfd s/ / x] x} + <

– d} +g] sxf g ls d} + cs] nf gxL+ x"F hgzlSt d] / ] ;fy x} cf} / P] ;] d] + d+r eL : jtM t} of/ xf] hftf x} . / xL eL8Þ h'6fg] sL aft tf] cfkg] b] vf xf] uf ls lagf ls;L k|rf/ –k|;f/ s] hgtf : jtM: km"t{ ¿k d] + d] / ] ;fy xf] n] tL x} cf} / ox d] / f dgf] an a9Þftf x} . dw] z sL hgtf hu / xL x} ckg] clwsf/ sf] kxrfg / xL x} lh;] ca sf] O{ zlSt baf gxL+ ;stL . ) cfksL sf] O{ sfo{z} nL of gLlt lh;s] txt cfk cfu] a9 Þ / x] x} + <

– hL xfF xd ;f] rL ;demL sfo{gLlt s] txt cfu] a9Þ / x] x} +, Sof] +ls lagf ls;L k"jf{wf/ cf} / of] hgf s] cfu] a9Þg] k/ c;kmn xf] g] sf 8/ / xtf x} . xdf/ L kxnL gLlt x} ;+hLjgL sL, ox xdf/ f kxnf r/ 0f x} , lh;s] txt xd ceL ckg] sbd cfu] a9Þf / x] x} + . ;+hLjgL sf cy{ xf] tf x} jx cf} iflw hf] d[tk|fo sf] eL lhGbf s/ b] . dw] z ;lbof] + ;] zf] lift, bldt cf} / d[tk|fo x} . d} + O;] ceL hfu|tfj: yf d] + nfg] sL sf] lzz d] + nuf x"F Sof] +ls cf} / f] + sf]

hufg] ;] kxn] : jo+ sf] hufg] sL cfjZostf x} . cfTdf hutL x} tf] r] tgf cftL x} cf} / teL cfksf] Sof ldnf x} cf} / cfk Sof kfg] s] clwsf/ L x} + ox ;demt] x} + . O;lnP ;+hLjgL s] ;fy xd O; k|of; d] + nu] x} + ls dw] z ox hfg] ls jx ls; t/ x cf} klgj] lzs zf;g d] + hL / xf x} . hfu?stf s] afb ;+u7g sf r/ 0f cfPuf lh;d] + xd ax't hNb k|j] z s/ g] jfn] x} + . ;+hLjgL sf r/ 0f eL ;fy–;fy rntf / x] uf . : jtGq dw] z u7aGwg sL 3f] if0ff bf] jif{ kxn] xL xf] r'sL yL . xdf/ f Kn] 6kmfd{ t} of/ x} cf} / hgtf xd ;] h'8Þ / xL x} . xd o"F xL cfu] gxL+ a9Þgf rfxt] xd ;hu cf} / ;r] t hgtf sf] ;fy n] s/ cfu] a9Þg] sf] tTk/ x} + . ) cGo dw] zL bnf] + cf} / ;+3Lotf s] ljifo k/ cfk Sof sxgf rfx] +u] , Sof cfk ;+3Lotf lj/ f] wL x} + <

– gxL+ d} + ;+3Lotf lj/ f] wL gxL+ x"F lsGt', d} + ox hfgtf x"F ls dw] z sL ;d: of sf xn ;+3Lotf tf] laNs'n gxL+ x} . O;lnP xd cfhfb dw] z s] Ph] 08] s] ;fy cfu] a9Þ / x] x} + . d} + Ps pbfx/ 0f b"F cfksf] ls ceL dw] z d] + hf] ;] gf kl/ rflnt x} jf] dw] z sL

ceL dw] z d] + bf] wf/ ;dfgfGt/ d] + rn / xL x} , Ps x} pgsf lh;] dw] z g] r'gf yf cf} / ckg] k|ltlglw s] ¿k d] + s] Gb| d] + e] hf yf, b";/ L wf/ x} 8f=;L=s] = / fpt sL lhGx] + s'5 lbgf] + kxn] ts j} 1flgs of lkm/ Ps pu| n] vs s] ¿k d] + hfgf hf / xf yf . lsGt' cfh ;L= s] = / fpt crfgs Ps ;zSt cfjfh s] ¿k d] + pe/ s/ ;fdg] cf / x] x} +, lh;s] ;fy k"/ f dw] z xf] gf xf] lsGt', o'jfzlSt h¿/ x} . cfh pGx] + dw] z s] d;Lxf s] ¿k d] + hfgf hf / xf x} . s'5 tf] x} Ogs] JolStTj d] + ls ;Qf kIf eL lrlt+t gh/ cf / xL x} . ;Qf kIf ox lg0f{o gxL+ s/ kf / xL ls, Ogs] ;fy lsof Sof hfo < ha ls;L / } nL sf] ;Daf] lwt s/ g] sL aft xf] tL x} tf] 8f= / fpt sL lu/ km\tf/ L xf] hftL x} cf} / lkm/ tTsfn 5f] 8Þ lbof hftf x} . Ps c: ki6 gLlt ;/ sf/ L t+q sL cf] / ;] lbv / xL x} . ox Ps gfd ;/ sf/ s] lnP ;fFk–5'5F'b/ jfnL l: ylt k} bf lsP x'P x} lh;] gf lgunf hf / xf x} cf} / gf xL punf hf / xf x} . 8f‘= / fpt ;] pgsL sfo{gLlt cf} / dw] z sL kl/ l: ylt k/ lxdflngL–;+kfbs Zj] tf bLlKt ;] x'O{ aft–rLt sf ;+lIfKt Aof] / f–

M 8f‘=;L=s] =/fpt

d}+ ;+3Lotf sf lj/f]wL gxL+ x"+, k/ ax't hNb dw]z sf e|d 6"6]uf

11lxdflngL dfr{ @)!%

cGt/jftf{

gxL+ x} p;d] + (% k|ltzt ;] gf afx/ sL x} + . sn cu/ ;+3Lotf ldn eL hftL x} tf] o] cf} klgj] lzs ;] gf dw] z ;] hfg] jfnL gxL+ x} . b";/ L ;d: of hf] x} jf] cfk|jf;g sf] n] s/ x} ceL dw] z d] + Pst/ kmf ck|jf; cyf{t kxf8ÞL d"n s] nf] uf] + sf jxfF cfgf cf} / a; hfgf x} . s'5 ;fnf] + ;] ox tLj| ult ;] a9Þf x} cf} / ox Pst/ kmf a9Þ / xf x} . ;g\ !(%! d] + dw] z d] + kxfl8Þof] + sL ;+Vof l;km{ ^ k|ltzt yL k/ Gt' @))! d] + ox ## k|ltzt ts a9Þf x} ox lrGtf sf ljifo x} . ox bf] gf] + cf] / ;] xf] tf tf] sf] O{ aft gxL+ yL k/ cfh cflbjf;L, hghflt cflb sL hdLg k/ zf;s ju{ s] nf] uf] + sf sAhf x} cf} / o] e"ldxLg xf] r's] x} + . ox hf] l: ylt x} jx ;+3Lotf b"/ gxL+ s/ ;stL x} . cf} / dw] z s] hf] k|ltlglw ;Qf s] ulnof/ ] d] + x} + of p;s] afx/ x} + p;sL l: ylt cf} / gLot bf] gf] + dw] z s] ;fdg] x} . cu/ ;+3Lotf ldn eL hftL x} tf] , p;s] afb eL ax't hNb dw] z sf e|d 6"6g] jfnf x} Sof] +ls dw] z rnfg] jfn] xfy oxL xf] +u] , ;f] r OgsL xL xf] uL cf} / ;+rfng sxL+ cf} / ;] xf] uf . ) dw] z lh; bf} / ;] u'h/ / xf x} , Sof cfksf] gxL+ nutf ls O;s] h8Þ d] + sxL+–gf–sxL+ clzIff cf} / u/ LaL x} <

– gxL+, d} + ox gxL+ dfgtf clzIff cf} / u/ LaL tf] ckgL hux x} k/ dw] z sL O; xfnt sf lhDd] bf/ oxfF sf pklgj] zjfb x} lh;g] dw] z sf] seL a9Þg] xL gxL+ lbof x} . dw] z cfh ts zf] lift xf] tf cfof x} a; O;] ca cfhfb s/ fgf x} . dw] z cfh ts k/ t+q x} cf} / oxL sf/ 0f x} ls gf tf] cfh ts p;sf ljsf; x'cf gf jxfF ;] u/ LaL sf pGd"ng x'cf cf} / gf xL ;xL jftfj/ 0f t} of/ xf] ;sf x} . O;lnP xd ;a O; s] h8Þ d] + hfgf rfxt] x} + k] 8Þ sL 8flnof] + of p;sL km'gluof] + sf] x/ f–e/ f s/ s] h8Þ sf] dha"t gxL+ s/ kfPFu] . cu/ h8Þ dha"t xf] tf x} tf] p;sL 8flnofF eL : jtM dha"t xf] +uL . cfksf] ktf xf] uf ls dw] z cGg sf e08f/ x} , ;a;] clws cgfhf] + sL k} bfjf/ oxfF xf] tL x} + cf} / uf} / s/ g] jfnL aft ox x} ls ;a;] clws e'vd/ L u/ LaL cf} / s'kf] if0f dw] z d] + xL x} . !( k|ltzt hgtf O;sL lzsf/ x} cf} / ox cfFs8Þf kxf8Þ ;] bf] u'0ff x} . dw] z sf cgfh g] kfn vftf x} cf} / jxL+ sL ox l: ylt x} O;s] kL5] ;a;] a8ÞL jhx x} ls dw] lzof] + sf p;k/ clwsf/ gxL+ x} jx ;a afx/ rnf hftf x} . dw] z s] lk58Þ] kg sf d"n sf/ 0f pklgj] zjfb xL x} . ) ;+hLjgL, ;+u7g cf} / p;s] afb < Sof pknlAw sL sf] O{ ;do–;Ldf lgwf{l/ t x} <

;+hLjgL, ;+u7g cf} / p;s] afb sf r/ 0f x} ;+3if{ cf} / lkm/ p;sL pknlAw . ;+3if{ nDaf rng] jfnf x} Sof] +ls OtgL cf;fgL ;] xd] + jf] ldng] jfnf gxL+ x} hf] xd rfxt] x} + . * ;] !@ ;fn sL ;do ;Ldf xdg] ;f] rL yL lsGt' xd of] hgf tf] agft] x} + k/ ;a p;s] cg';f/ xL xf] tf hfo ox cfjZos gxL+, Sof] +ls Jojwfg tf] pTkGg xf] tf x} . O;lnP ox n8ÞfO{ lstgL nDaL rn] uL lkmnxfn s'5 lglZrt ¿k ;] gxL+ sxf hf ;stf x} . lsGt' xd ca ?sg] jfn] eL gxL+ x} + cf} / kL5] x6g] jfn] eL gxL+ x} + . cf7 jif{ sL cjlw xdg] t} of/ L s] lnP ;f] r / vf yf k/ ox ;do ;DejtM sd x} P] ;f nu / xf x} . O;lnP ceL ;do nu] uf . ) cGo dw] zL bnf] + sf cfksf] ;dy{g gxL+ x} , Sof cfk pgs] ;fy of ls;L cf} / s] ;fy hfgf rfx] +u] <

d} + ckgL : ki6 gLlt s] ;fy cfu] a9Þ / xf x"F hals pg bnf] + s] kf; sf] O{ : ki6 gLlt gxL+ x} sf] O{ seL ls;L cf] / hftf x} tf] seL ls;L cf] / . d} + ceL ;+ul7t xf] / xf x"F cf} / ax't hNb Ps gfd cf} / Ps ;+u7g s] ;fy ;fdg] cfpmFuf . Sof] +ls d] / ] ;fy dw] z–zlSt x} . ) cfk k/ cf/ f] k nufof hftf x} ls cfksf] ljb] zf] + sf ;+/ If0f k|fKt x} of o'PgP ;] h'8 Þ] x'P x} + O; ;Gbe{ d] + cfk s'5 sx] +u] <

b] lvP ha eL ls;L / fi6« d] + sf] O{ kl/ jt{g sL nx/ rntL x} tf] cGo / fi6«f] + sf Wofg eL cfslif{t xf] tf x} . ox Ps cGt/ f{i6«Lo d'b\bf eL ag hftf x} hf] ;xfos xL l;4 xf] tf x} . xd eL rfx] +u] ls xd] + P] ;f ;dy{g k|fKt xf] xfnfFls ceL ts tf] P] ;f ;dy{g gxL+ ldnf x} , ;dy{g cu/ ldnf eL x} tf] dfgjclwsf/ s] d'b\b] k/ of / fHo : jtGqtf s] d'b\b] k/ . k"0f{ : jtGqtf s] ljifo k/ sf] O{ P] ;f ;dy{g ceL ts gxL+ ldnf x} cf} / cu/ sn sf] ldntf x} tf] ox xdf/ ] lnP ;sf/ fTds xL xf] uf . ceL hf] d] / f gfd of d] / ] sfo{stf{cf] + sf gfd o'PgP ;] hf] 8Þf uof, k|rf/ lsof uof p;;] xd] + kmfobf xL x'cf x} jf] unt s/ gf rfxt] x} + k/ xdf/ f O;L axfg] k|rf/ –k|;f/ xf] hftf x} . ) cfu] sL / 0fgLlt <

dw] z af/ –af/ alnbfg b] tf cfof x} . lsGt' cfh ts p;] p;sf k|ltbfg gxL+ ldn kfof x} . lstg] ;k"tf] + g] ckg] k|f0f lbo] . k/ xfl;n Sof x'cf < O;lnP xd ;d: of sL h8Þ ts hfgf rfx / x] x} + . lstg] sfF6] + xdf/ ] rf/ f] cf] / pu / x] x} + cf} / xd ceL p;] Ps–Ps s/ lgsfng] sL sf] lzz s/ / x] x} + . ceL sn d] / L k] zL x} . cf} / d} + k|foM ckg] ufFj sL t/ km xL / xtf x"F . o] l;nl;nf sa ts rn] uf ox tf] ktf gxL+ k/ n8fÞO{ nDaL hfg] jfnL x} . xdg] df3 cf7 sf Vofn s/ s] ckg] sf] / f] sf ox ;f] r s/ ls xd k/ ox cf/ f] k gxL+ nu] ls xdf/ L jhx ;] ;+ljwfg gxL+ cfof k/ b] lVfP g] tfcf] + g] b] z sf] Sof lbof < ;+3Lotf sL aft cf / xL x} , k/ d} + af/ –af/ sx / xf x"F ls ox dw] z sL ;d: of sf xn gxL+ x} . ha ts cf} Kflgj] lzstf sf c+t gxL+ xf] uf ta ts dw] z sL ;d: of sf xn gxL+ xf] g] jfnf x} . x/ cfGbf] ng s] lnP cy{ sL cfjZostf xf] tL x} cfksL cy{k"lt{ sxfF ;] xf] / xL x} <

ceL ts xd] + Hofbf k} ;f] + sL h¿/ t xL gxL+ k8Þ x} . d} + hxfF hftf x"F eL8Þ hdf xf] hftL x} cf} / d} + ckgL aft pg ts kx'Frf b] tf x"F . hgtf v'b xd] + a'nf / xL x} cf} / jf] : jo+ Joj: yf s/ tL x} . xdg] ceL ts sf] O{ P] ;f cfof] hg gxL+ lsof hxfF ax't cy{ sL cfjZostf xf] cf} / xdf/ L n8ÞfO{ clx+;fTds x} O;lnP eL xd] + O;sL sf] O{ vf; cfjZostf gxL+ x} . d'em] k"/ f ljZjf; x} ls dw] z cf} / dw] zL d] / ] ;fy x} +, ox ;fy xL d] / f dgf] an a9Þftf x} cf} / xd] + dfgl;s, zf/ Ll/ s cf} / cfly{s zlSt b] tf x} . oxL zlSt xdf/ ] sfo{stf{cf] + d] + hf] z e/ tf x} cf} / xd] + cfu] a9Þg] s] lnP k|f] T;flxt s/ tf x} . sf] O{ lx+;f xd gxL+ rfxt] , a; xd] + xdf/ f clwsf/ rflxP, : jfledfg rflxP cf} / : j/ fHo rflxP . cf} / d} + dw] zL bnf] + ;] eL cfXjfg s/ tf x"F ls jf] d] / ] lvnfkm b'ik|rf/ gf s/ ] + alNs xdf/ ] ;fy cfPF cf} / v'n] d+r k/ ax; s/ ] + . d} + pDdLb s/ tf x"F ls ax't hNb xf] gf xf] k/ sfdofaL xd] + ldn] uL cjZo . lll


gh/ ] + hxfF

ts hftL x}

p; d] + ;a

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xf] tf x}

cf} / g xL

a'/ f . lsGt'

hf] cR5f

x} , jxL

cfu] a9Þg]

s] lnP xd] +

k|f] T;flxt

s/ tf x}

cf} / xdf/ f

dgf] an eL

a9Þftf x} .

x/ jif{

sL t/ x

cGt/ f{i6«Lo

dlxnf lbj;

k/ dlxnfcf] +

;] h'8 Þ] x/

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lxdflngL

sL Ps

gh/ –

) cfk Ps ;kmn d'sfd k/ x} + cf} / g] kfnL dlxnfcf] + s] lnP Ps cfbz{ eL, ;j{k|yd lxdflngL kl/ jf/ sL cf] / ;] cfksf xflb{s clejfbg . s[kof cfk ckg] ljifo d] + s'5 atfPF Û

– j} ;] tf] d} + aL/ u+h ;] x"F, k/ ca d} + sf7df+8" d] + xL / xtL x"F . d] / L k|f/ lDes lzIff sf7df+8" d] + ;] G6 d] / L : s"n ;] x'O{, p;s] afb pRr lzIff d} +g] nvgpm ljZjljBfno ;] k|fKt sL . 3/ sf dfxf} n P] ;f yf ls p;g] d'em] lgvf/ f . d} +g] ckg] lnP hf] / fx ;f] rL p;d] + d] / ] cleefjs d] / ] dftf lktf sf k"/ f ;xof] u ldnf . arkg ;] x/ ls;L sL sf] O{ gf sf] O{ OR5f xf] tL x} . sf] O{ 8fS6/ tf] sf] O{ O+hLlgo/ cflb aggf rfxtf x} . lsGt' d'emd] + zfob g] t[Tj sL Ifdtf yL, Sof] +ls d} + of tf] g] tf aggf rfxtL yL of dlxnf pBf] usdL{ aggf rfxtL yL . d] / ] lktf c+rnfwLz y] , O;lnP k|zf;sLo Ifdtf d'emd] + yL . lkm/ s'5 cfksL lgolt to s/ tL x} cf} / cfks] k} / p;L / fx k/ a9Þ hft] x} + a; cfh d} + cfks] ;fdg] Ps pBdL s] ¿k d] + x"F . ) cfk sa ;] O; If] q d] + x} + <

– d'em] ts/ Lag aL; jif{ xf] uP O; If] q ;] h'8Þ] x'P . d} + sO{ dlxnf ;fdflhs ;+: yfcf] + ;] h'8ÞL x'O{ x"F . ;fyL ;+: yf ;] d} + h'8ÞL x"F, lh;d] + dlxnfcf] + s] clwsf/ ;] h'8ÞL aftf] + k/ sfd xf] tf x} . d} + O; ;+: yf sL efO; k|] ;L8] G6 x"F . O; ;+: yf ;] ;Da4 xf] s/ d} +g] O; If] q sL dlxnfcf] + s] ;fy cf} / pgs] lnP sfd lsof . d} +g] sxf ls d} + lk5n] aL; jiff] {+ ;] Og;] ;Da4 x"F . kxf8ÞL dlxnf, d'l: nd dlxnf, dw] zL dlxnf, yf? dlxnf Og ;as] lnP xdg] sfd lsof x} . Ogd] + r] tgf cfO{ x} . o] hfg uO{ x} + ls Ogsf kl/ jf/ d] + ;dfh d] + Sof : yfg x} cf} / Ogs] Sof clwsf/ x} + . lsGt' d} + dfgtL x"F ls hats OgsL cfly{s l: ylt dha"t gxL+ xf] uL o] ckg] k} / f] + k/ v8ÞL gxL+ xf] +uL, ta ts OgsL l: ylt d] + ;'wf/

gxL+ xf] uf . O;lnP xdf/ L ;+: yf OGx] + Og ;f/ L aftf] + ;] cjut s/ ftL x} cf} / r] tgfd"ns sfo{ s/ tL x} . d} + dlxnf pBdL dxf;+3 sL eL pkfWoIf x"F . ) cfk dlxnf x} +, cf} / pBf] u h} ;] r'gf} tLk"0f{ If] q sf] cfkg] r'gf, cfksf z'?cftL cg'ej s} ;f / xf <

– xdf/ f ;dfh k'?if k|wfg x} ox tf] xd hfgt] x} + . sxL+ gf sxL+ O;sf c;/ x/ If] q d] + lbvtf eL x} . lh; cg'kft d] + dlxnfcf] + sf] cfu] cfgf rflxP, P] ;f gxL+ xf] kf / xf x} Sof] +ls sxL+ gf sxL+ k'?if dfgl;stf ;fdg] cf hftL x} . d'em] eL yf] 8ÞL sl7gfO{ x'O{ 3/ ;] afx/ : jo+ sf] : yflkt s/ g] d] +, k/ ox eL ;r x} ls ha d} + O; If] q ;] h'8ÞL tf] d} + cs] nL yL d] / ] cf; kf; ;eL k'?if ju{ xL y] k/ pgsf d'em] ck] lIft ;xof] u ldnf . d} +g] ha g] kfn pBf] u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 s] lnP r'gfj n8Þf tf] pgsf ;xof] u ldnf teL d} + g] kfn pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3 sL pkfWoIf ag kfO{ . d] / ] k'?if ;xsdL{ g] ;fy gxL+ lbof xf] tf tf] P] ;f ;Dej gxL+ xf] kftf . O;lnP d} + dfgtL x"F ls Ifdtf xdf/ ] cGb/ xf] tL x} p;] afx/ nfg]

;zlSts/ 0f sf d"nd+q cfly{s b[li6sf] 0f ;] cfTdlge{/ tf

cfwf cfsfz sf ;'gx/ f kIf

ejfgL / f0ff, pBf]uL

dlxnf xf] t] x'P eL ls;L eL ¿k d] + k'?iff] + ;] sd gxL+ cf} / ax'cfofdL JolStTj jfnL cf} / g] kfn sL hfgLdfgL pBdL ejfgL / f0ff ;] lxdflngL dxfk|aGws sljtf bf; åf/ f x'O{ aftrLt sf ;Dkflbt c+zM

cfj/0fcGt/f{i6«Lo dlxnf lbj;–@)!% ljz]if


sL cfjZostf x} cf} / p;] lgvf/ g] d] + cfksf kl/ jf/ ;xof] u s/ tf x} . ceL d} + ;Llgo/ PShSo"l6j d] Da/ x"F oxfF sL . ) cfkg] kl/ jf/ sf gfd lnof, cfks] kl/ jf/ ;] cfksf] s} ;f ;xof] u ldnf <

– ;eL g] d] / f ;fy lbof cf} / teL d} + O; : yfg ts kx'Fr kfO{ x"F Sof] +ls cu/ pgsf ;fy gxL+ ldntf cf} / d} + pGx] + v'z gxL+ / v kftL tf] d'em] ;a s'5 kfs/ eL cfTd;+t'li6 gxL+ ldntL . d} + kl/ jf/ sf] ;fy n] s/ rng] d] + ljZjf; s/ tL x"F . cu/ cfkg] ;a kf lnof cf} / cfksf kl/ jf/ cfks] ;fy gxL+ x} tf] jf] pknlAw sf] O{ dfog] gxL+ / vtL . d] / ] lktf, d] / L dfF d] / ] klt ;ag] xd] zf d] / f dgf] an a9Þfof x} . ) dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f s] ljifo d] + cfksL Sof / fo x} <

– d} +g] ckgL pd| s] ;fy–;fy o] hfgf ls dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f teL ;Dej x} ha dlxnf cfly{s ¿k ;] ;zSt xf] . lzIff sL cfjZostf x} tfls pgsf dfgl;s ljsf; xf] cf} / ha P] ;f xf] tf x} teL jf] cfly{s : t/ ;] dha"t xf] ;stL x} + . O;lnP d} + ha eL pgs] kf; hftL x"F tf] p;] oxL sxtL x"F ls cfk cfly{s ¿k ;] dha"t xf] + . teL cfk 3/ ] n' lx+;f ;] eL d'St xf] ;stL x} + . ) cfkg] 3/ ] n' lx+;f sL aft sxL, ;/ sf/ g] dlxnf cfof] u sf u7g eL lsof x} k/ clwsf+z dlxnfPF jxfF hfgf gxL+ rfxtL x} +, O;s] af/ ] d] + cfk Sof sxgf rfx] +uL <

– O;s] kL5] eL sxL+ gf sxL+ p;sf 8/ xf] tf x} . jf] ;f] rtL x} + ls sn lkm/ p;] p;L 3/ d] + jfk; hfgf xf] tf x} . Sof] +ls p;sf kf] if0f p;L 3/ d] + xf] tf x} cu/ jf] sdfp x+} tf] jf] n8Þ ;stL x} + 3/ d] + eL p;] : yfg ldn ;stf x} . k/ cu/ jf] ;Ifd gxL+ x} + tf] jx 8/ s/ lx+;f ;xg] sf] afWo xf] hftL x} + . ) 3/ of sfd cfk ls;] lstgf dxTj b] tL x} + <

– kxnL kxrfg xdf/ L xdf/ ] 3/ ;] h'8ÞL xf] tL x} . O;lnP x/ sfdsfhL dlxnf sf] ckgf 3/ ckg] ;fy n] s/ rngf rflxP, Sof] +ls 3/ xdf/ ] kIf d] + xf] tf] ;dfh cfksf] v'b : yfg b] uf . xdf/ f s} l/ o/ xd] + kxrfg b] tf x} tf] 3/ xdf/ L zfg, cf} / kxrfg bf] gf] + x} . cfk teL

;kmn sxnfPFuL ha cfk;] cfksf 3/ eL v'z / x] . d} + O; dfdn] d] + nsL x"F ls d'em] P] ;f 3/ ldnf hxfF d] / L ;f;' dfF cf} / d] / ] klt g] d] / f v'n] lbn ;] ;fy lbof . cf} / lkm/ d} + ckg] sfd s] k|lt eL k"/ L lhDd] bf/ x"F p;] O{dfgbf/ L ;] k"/ f s/ tL x"F . sfkmL nDa] ;do ;] d} + sd{If] q ;] ;Da4 x"F cf} / k"/ L nug ;] ckgf sfd s/ tL x"F . ) sO{ af/ P] ;f b] vf uof x} ls dlxnf sdftL x} + lsGt' pgsL sdfO{ k/ pgsf xL clwsf/ gxL+ xf] tf x} , O; l: ylt d] + cfk Sof sx] +uL <

– d} + dfgtL x"F ls P] ;f xf] tf x} . dlxnfcf] + d] + w} o{ sL sdL gxL+ xf] tL O;lnP xd] zf xdf/ f ;dfh p;;] xL ck] Iff s/ tf x} ls jx 3/ sf] 6"6g] ;] arfP . O;lnP dlxnfcf] + s] pmk/ bf] x/ L lhDd] bf/ L xf] tL x} . p;] 3/ cf} / afx/ bf] gf] + ;Defngf xf] tf x} . k/ cu/ 3/ d] + xL p;s] ;fy unt xf] tf x} tf] , p;] kxn] sf] lzz s/ gL rflxP ls 3/ jfnf] + sL ;f] r abn] . k/ cu/ P] ;f gxL+ xf] tf] p;] k|ltsf/ s/ g] sf eL clwsf/ x} Sof] +ls ls;L eL aft sL xb xf] tL x} cf} / dlxnfcf] + sf] eL cfTdlg0f{o sf clwsf/ x} .) dfr{ * cyf{t\ cGt/ / fi6«Lo dlxnf lbj;, P] ;] lbj;f] + sf] dgfg] sf cf} lrTo <

– sf] O{ Ps lbg lh;] gf/ L lbj; sxf uof ox ;+b] z b] tf x} ls xdf/ L ;dfh d] + Sof dxQf x} . dlxnfcf] + d] + O; r] tgf sf k|;f/ s/ tf x} ls p;s] clwsf/ Sof x} + . rrf{ kl/ rrf{ sf] : yfg ldntf x} . xd Ps b";/ ] ;] h'8Þt] x} + . ) g] kfn sL dlxnfcf] + s] lnP sf] O{ ;+b] z <

– d} + k|To] s dlxnf ;] ox sx"FuL ls Ifdtf cfks] eLt/ x} , p;] kxrflgP . p;] afx/ nfO{P . xd gf/ L x} + ox xdf/ f sdhf] / kIf gxL+ x} , alNs oxL xdf/ L zlSt x} . k'?iff] + ;] zf/ Ll/ s ¿k d] + sdhf] / xf] ;st] x} + lsGt' xdf/ f dgf] an cf} / w} o{ xL xdf/ L zlSt x} . ;zlSts/ 0f sf ox cy{ gxL+ x} ls cfksf kl/ jf/ 6"6] alNs cfksf] p;] dha"tL k|bfg s/ gf x} : jo+ sf] dha"t s/ s] . cfksf : jfjnDag xL cfksf] dha"tL sf cfwf/ b] uf O;lnP cfksf] cfly{s ¿k ;] : jo+ sf] ;zSt s/ gf x} . cGt/ / fi6«Lo lbj; s] cj;/ k/ ;asf] d] / L z'esfdgf . wGojfb . lll

) cfk cfkg] ljifo d] + s'5 atfPF <– d] / f hGd d'hkm\km/ k'/ s] hnfnk'/ d] + !(%* x'cf . d] / f ;f} efUo

x} ls d] / L sd{e"ld ldlynf+rn agL . d} +g] ldlynf k] +l6u d] + zf] w lsof cf} / kxnL zf] wstf{ agL . ) cfk ls; ;+: yf ;] cfa4 x} + <

d} + gfu] Gb| emf dlxnf dxfljBfno d] + sfo{/ t x"F . ;fy xL d} + !((# O{= ;] lgd{nf snf lgs] tg hf] g] x? o'jf s] Gb| -ef/ t ;/ sf/ _ ;] ;Da4 x} , p;sL lgb] zs x"F . ) cfkg] lgd{nf snf lgs] tg sf gfd lnof, O;s] åf/ f Sof sfo{ lsP hft] x} + <

– O; ;+: yf d] + 5fqfPF lrqsnf ;] ;DalGwt lzIff k|fKt s/ tL x} + vf;s/ ldlynf+rn sL kxrfg ldlynf lrqsnf sf] xd ljZj k6n k/ nfg] sL sf] lzz s/ / x] x} + Sof] +ls o] xdf/ L ;+f: s[lts lj/ f;t x} cf} / O;sf k|rf/ k|;f/ cfjZos x} . O; ;+: yf ;] h'8ÞL snfsf/ lk|o+sf emf sL snfs[lt b'uf{ s] lrq sf] xdg] dxfdlxd / fi6«klt sf] k|bfg lsof,

hf] xdf/ ] lnP uf} / j sL aft x} . : j= / fhLj ufFwL hL sf eL O; ;+: yfg g] ;Ddfg lsof cf} / zfn e] +6 sL . ceL d'Vod+qL hL sf] eL xdg] ckgL snfs[lt k|bfg sL x} . sxg] sf tfTko{ o] x} ls xdf/ f ;+: yfg ldlynf lrqsnf sf] zLif{ : yfg k/ kx'Frfg] s] lnP tTk/ x} . ) dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f sf] cfk ls; t/ x b] vtL x} + <

– dlxnf sf cfly{s b[li6sf] 0f ;] ;zSt xf] gf p;] : jfjnDaL agftf x} . xd ckgL ;+: yf åf/ f eL oxL s/ g] sf k|oTg s/ / x] x} + . xdf/ ] oxfF ;] 5fqfPF lrqsnf ;LvtL x} + lkm/ p;] ckg] / f] huf/ ;] hf] 8ÞtL x} + cf} / cfly{s ¿k ;] ;Ifd agtL x} + . pgsL ckgL a'6Ls xf] tL x} lh;d] + sd ;] sd sLdt cf} / clws ;] clws sLdt sL ;fl8ÞofF, zfn, ;"6 cflb t} of/ s/ s] a] r] hft] x} + . d'em] nutf x} ls x/ gf/ L sf] ;an xf] gf rflxP teL pgsf ;d'lrt ljsf; ;Dej x} . dlxnfcf] + s] lnP sf] O{ ;+b] z <

– d} + k|To] s dlxnf ;] sx"FuL– ;/ sf/ L gf} s/ L xL h¿/ L gxL+ x} cfksf] cfu] a9Þg] s] lnP . cfks] cGb/ xL sO{ u'0f xf] t] x} +, p;] a9fO{P cf} / k] zfut ¿k d] + p;] ckgf s/ ;zSt algP .

ldlynf lrqsnf ;] h'8ÞL zlV;ot 8f= lgd{nf emf



cfksf kl/ ro <d] / f hGd: yfg dw'agL x} cf} / 3/ b/ e+uf . arkg ;] ;+uLt

;] nufj / xf cf} / cfh O;L ;] ;Da4 x"F . d} +g] ;dfhzf: q ;] : gftsf] Q/ b/ e+uf ldlynf ljZjljBfno ;] lsof p;s] kxn] sL k9ÞfO{ efunk'/ ;] sL Sof] +ls lktf hL jxL+ sfo{/ t y] . d} +g] sfg"g sL k9ÞfO{ sL k/ nufj ;+uLt ;] yf tf] sfo{ If] q eL oxL ag uof . k/ d} + dfgtL x"F ls d} + ceL eL ;Lv / xL x"F Sof] +ls ;+uLt tf] cyfx ;fu/ x} cf} / d} + p;d] + a; 8'asL nufg] sL sf] lzz s/ / xL x"F .) ;+uLt s] If] q d] + cfg] s] lnP ls;L sl7gfO{ sf ;fdgf s/ gf k8 Þf <

– xfF, d'lZsn tf] cfO{ . Sof] +ls xdf/ f ;dfh cfh eL s'5 blsofg";L Vofnf] + s] ;fy xL rn / xf x} . xfnfFls kl/ b[Zo d] + abnfj cfof x} lh;d] + ;+rf/ dfWod sf ax't a8Þf xfy x} . cfh tf] cleefjs ;+uLt, g[To cflb If] qf] + d] + ckg] aRrf] + sf] a9Þfgf rfxt] x} + . k/ xdf/ ] ;do d] + P] ;L aft] + gxL+ yL+ . lsGt' d} +g] ;+uLt d] + ax't s'5 ckg] bfbf hL ;] ;Lvf d] / ] k|yd u'? jxL x} + . O;lnP 3/ d] + eL d] / L ?lr sf Vofn / vf uof .

d} + O; dfdn] d] + efUozfnL x"F . ;a;] kxn] tf] d] / L ;f;" dfF g] xL d] / f ;fy lbof cf} / klt s] ;xof] u s] lagf tf] ox ;Dej xL gxL+ yf . O;lnP d} + cfh hxfF x"F, d] / L O; kxrfg sf] agfg] d] + d] / ] kl/ jf/ sf ax't a8Þf xfy x} . Sof] +ls d} + tf] cw"/ L lzIff n] s/ cfO{ yL, lh;] d] / ] klt g] k"/ f s/ jfof d'em] ;+uLt ;Lvg] sf k"/ f cj;/ lbof . d} +g] ;+uLt d+] Pd=P= lsof lkm/ O;d] + xL zf] w eL lsof .

) Sof cfksf] sf] O{ ;Ddfg of k'/ : sf/ k|fKt x'P x} + <– d} + k|foM cGt/ / fi6«Lo ;Dd] ngf] + d] + hftL / xtL x"F . hxfF eL

hftL x"F, Kof/ ldntf x} , ;Ddfg ldntf x} . lk5n] jif{ sf7df+8" eL hfg] sL aft yL lsGt' ls;L sf/ 0fjz gxL+ hf kfO{ . ldlynf nf] s d+r cf} / ;flxlTos ;f+: s[lts d+r dw'agL åf/ f cf} / ldlynf ;f+: s[lts kl/ ifb\ b/ e+uf åf/ f eL @))* d] + ldlynf uf} / j sf ;Ddfg ldnf . P] ;] ;Ddfgf] + ;] xd] + k|f] T;fxg ldntf x} s'5 cf} / cR5f s/ g] sL k|] / 0ff ldntL x} cf} / pmhf{ sL k|flKt xf] tL x} .) lxGbL efiff s] k|lt cfksL Sof ;f] r x} <

– lxGbL sf] d} + cnu dfgtL xL gxL+ ox cnu aft x} ls d'em] d} lynL ;] hf] 8Þs/ b] vf hftf x} k/ d} + dL/ fafO{ s] ehg uftL x"F, aRrg sL sljtfcf] + sf] cf} / uf] kfnl;+x g] kfnL sL sljtfcf] + sf] uftL x"F M g] kfnL sL Ps / rgf x} –

hng] sf x} gfd lhGbuL, cd/ cfu sL / flugL;"o{ hn] tf] ldn] phfnf, rfFb hn] tf] rfFbgL=====o] d} + uftL x"F

cf} / d'em] ax't k;Gb x} . ;+uLt sL sf] O{ ;Ldf gxL+ xf] tL d} + P] ;f dfgtL x"F .) dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f cf} / dlxnf clwsf/ cfk O;] ls; ¿k d] + n] tL x} + <

– d'em] nutf x} ls dlxnf kxn] eL ;zSt yL cf} / cfh eL ;zSt x} . xdf/ ] oxfF zlSt, ljBf cf} / wg sL b] jL gf/ L x} tf] xd sdhf] / s} ;] x} + < xfF r] tgf sL cfjZostf x} tfls hf] w'Fw k8Þf x} p;] x6fof hf ;s] . cfh xd] + v'nf cf;dfg ldnf x} O;sf xd] + ;b'kof] u s/ gf rflxP tfls xd ;Dk"0f{ cf;dfg d] + ckg] k+v km} nfs/ p8Þ ;s] + . ckgL kxrfg sf] a/ s/ f/ / v ;s] + . ;zSt xf] g] sL cfjZostf x} k/ ;zlSts/ 0f s] gfd k/ ljs[ltof] + sf] ckgfPF O;] d} + ;xL gxL+ dfgtL .) cfk kxn] ls;] k|fyldstf b] tL x} + kl/ jf/ of s} l/ o/ <

– lgM;Gb] x kl/ jf/ sf] Sof] +ls xdf/ L h8Þ jxL x} cf} / p;] xd vf] vnf s/ b] + xdf/ ] cl: tTj sf eL sf] O{ dfog] gxL+ / x hftf x} . xdf/ ] aRrf] + sf] xdf/ L cfjZostf xf] tL x} cf} / O;] xd gsf/ gxL+ ;st] x} + . d} lynL k'q k|bLk sL / rgf x} –

e/ n snz hn 5n5n uf] / L, dg xnrn / ] nngf / fd hL u] nlg o'4 e"ld knl6 glx+ cfcf] n / ] , k'qs] o'4 l;vfoa, lkof nu k7foa / ] , nngf / ] xdx'F hf] ta ca v] t / ;b kx'Frfoa / ] . nngf / ] xdx'F l;of ;g gf/ L lgzfr/ gf;a / ] ====

O; uLt d] + sxf uof x} ls ha / fd o'4 e"ld d] + rn] uP tf] ;Ltf g] k|0f lnof ls jx ckg] k'qf] + sf] o'4 snf l;vfPuL cf} / ca : jo+ v] t hf] t] +uL cf} / o'4 e"ld d] + cgfh e] h] uL . oxL gf/ L zlSt x} ls jx x/ sbd k/ ckg] kl/ jf/ s] ;fy / x] , p;sf ljsf; s/ ] jxL xd] + ;'v cf} / zflGt b] tf x} . d} + gf/ L s] O;L ;zlSts/ 0f sf] dfgtL x"F ls jx ckgL k/ Dk/ f ckgL ;+: s[lt sf dfg arfP cf} / p;] cledfg s/ g] of] Uo agfP . ) ef/ t cf} / g] kfn s] ;DaGwf] + k/ s'5 sx] +uL <

– d'em] nutf x} ls xd Ps xL x} + . cf} / xd dlxnfPF O;] cf} / eL ;'b[9Þ s/ ;stL x} + xdf/ L ;+: s[lt, k/ Dk/ fPF cf} / dfGotfPF nueu Ps xL x} + . d} + tf] rfxtL x"F ls d} + ;+uLt s] dfWod ;] Og bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] ;DaGwf] + sf] cf} / eL k|uf9Þ agfpmF . wGojfb . lll

d} lynL nf] suLt cf} / ;+uLt sf k|l;4 gfd 8f= ddtf 7fs'/



Joj;fo 5f] 6f x} , pDdLb] + gxL+lhGbuL sL bf}8Þ d]+ xd eL zfldn x}+

ljgo s'df/

k|frLgsfn ;] xL k'?if cf} / gf/ L s] aLr Ps ;b\efj cf} / tfnd] n sfod / xf x} . gf/ L cf} / k'?if Ps xL / y s] bf] klxP x} + . bf] gf] + s] aLr s] ;DaGw sf] wfld{s u|Gyf] + d] + eL ax't k|sf/ ;] jl0f{t lsof uof x} . gf/ L s] lagf s] k'?if sf] laNs'n cfwf–cw"/ f dfgf uof x} . eujfg / fdrGb| sf] eL o1 s/ t] ;do ;Ltf s] cefj d] + ;Ltf sL d"lt{ agfs/ o1 sf] k"0f{ s/ gf k8 Þf yf . O; 36gf ;] eL k|dfl0ft xf] tf x} ls p; o'u d] eL gf/ L sL dxQf k'?if s] ;dfg xL yL . dg': d[lt d+] sxf uof x} , lh; 3/ d] + gf/ L sf cfb/ xf] tf x} jxf+ b] jtfcf] + sf jf; xf] tf x} . kxn] gf/ L sf] l;km{ 3/ sL rf/ bLjf/ L d] + ;Lldt / vf hftf yf . k'?ifjfbL ;f] r g] gf/ L sf] 3/ s] cGb/ / vg] s] lnP cg] s lgod–sfg"g agfo] . n] lsg jt{dfg o'u d] + gf/ L sL cj: yf d] + sfkmL abnfj cf r'sf x} . ;Dk"0f{ ljZj d] + hLjg s] k|To] s If] q d] + k'?if s] ;fy–;fy sGwf ldnf s/ cfh sL gf/ L x/ sfd sf] av"aL c+hfd b] / xL x} . ls;L eL t/ x cfh sL gf/ L sf] k'?if ;] sd cf+sgf ax't a8ÞL a] as"kmL xf] uL . lstgL xL gfl/ of+ k|wfgdGqL, k|aGws, GofowLz, pRr kbflwsf/ L, kfOn6, cleoGtf ags/ ckgL of] Uotf sf] k|dfl0ft s/ r'sL x+} . lkm/ eL cfh ax't ;f/ L dlxnfP+ ckgL cfhLljsf s] lnP km'6kfy d] + ckgL lhGbuL a;/ s/ / xL x} + . O;L l;nl;n] d] + s'5 P] ;L dlxnfcf] + ;] aft x'O{ lhgsf Joj;fo 5f] 6f x} k/ pgsf hHaf a8Þf x} , p; aftrLt sf ;Dkflbt c+z–

ox b] z k'?if k|wfgb] z x} . k'?iff] + d+] O;sf cx+sf/ xf] tf x} . 3/ d] + kTgL sf] bafs/ / vf hftf x} – s/ La Ps jif{ ;] l;nfO{ a'gfO{ sf sfd s/ / xL k"hg l3ld/ ] sf P] ;f sxgf x} . k"hg cfu] sxtL x} , gf/ L sL cj: yf kxn] h} ;L gxL+ x} . gf/ L ca ckgf eljio v'b agf ;stL x} . kl/ jf/ d] + eL gf/ L s] l: ylt d] + cfZro{hgs kl/ jt{g cfof x} . d] / ] klt ;jf] {Rr cbfnt d] + clws[t x+} . d'em] 6] «n/ dzLg d] + sfd s/ g] sL sf] O{ h¿/ t gxL+ . lkm/ eL 3/ s] cGb/ a} 7 s/ ;do aaf{b s/ g] ;] s'5 ;Lvgf cR5f nutf x} . d} : j] R5f ;] ox sfd s/ / xL x"F . d] / ] klt sf] O; k/ sf] O{ Pt/ fh gxL+ . gf/ L s] pmk/ xf] / x] lx+;f sf] s} ;] sd lsof hf ;stf x} < O; ;jfn k/ k"hg g] sxf ox k'?if k/ lge{/ xf] tf x} . 3/ f] + d] + ;f; cf} / ax" / xtL+ x+} . emu8Þ] xf] gf : jfefljs eL x} Sof] +ls cfjZos

gxL+ ls bf] gf] + s] ljrf/ Ps h} ;] xf] + P;] d] + klt sL e"ldsf cxd xf] tL x} . klt 3/ ;] afx/ xf] tf x} O;lnP p;] s'5 dfn"d gxL+ xf] tf . n] lsg klt sL e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ xf] tL x} . ckg] hLjg ;] ;Gt'i6 x"+ k"hg g] d': s'/ ft] x'P sxf .

k"hg l3ld/ ] , -Joj;foMl;nfO{–lagfO{_

piff ah|frfo{, -3/ ] n' Joj;fo_

dlxnfcf] + d] + : jo+ s'5 sfd s/ s] cfTdlge{/ agg] sL OR5f xf] tf] p;] ;xfotf s/ g] s] lnP ;dfh t} of/ xf] ;stf x} . lstgL dlxnfPF ceL eL lzIff ;] jl~rt x+} . cu/ ;/ sf/ pg ;as] lnP lzIff cf} / tfnLd Joj: yf s/ ] tf] cR5] lbg cf ;st] x+} . sf7df8"+ kf6g sL piff ah|frfo{ g] lj=;= )^! ;fn d] + k|] d ljjfx lsof n] lsg l;km{ 8] 9Þ ;fnf] + d] + ;DaGw 6"6 uof . ceL piff sL cf7 ;fn sL a] 6L x} . piff efj's xf] t] x'P sxtL x} , d] / L lhGbuL d] + ptf/ –r9fj cfg] ;] d} + ax't lg/ fz x'O{ yL . d'em] ckg] hLjg ;] ax't 8/ nuf yf . piff lk5n] ^ ;fnf] + ;] ldlynf cf6{, XofG8Lqmfˆ6 sf sfd s/ tL cf / xL x} . dlxnfcf] + sL ;d: of sf] ;dfh gxL+ ;demgf rfxtf x} . dlxnf s] pmk/ xf] / x] 3/ ] n" lx+;f, dfgl;s tgfj sL jhx k'?if xL x} . n] lsg sO{ af/ dlxnf xL dlxnf s] k|lt cfqmfds xf] tL x} . piff g] sxf, cu/ gf/ L ckg] ;] eL s'5 s/ gf rfxtL x} tf] p;] ;dfh, kl/ jf/ / f] stf x} , h} ;] sL gf/ L s'5 s/ gxL+ ;stL . cfu] a9ÞtL x} tf] k'?if / f] stf x} . cGt/ hftLo ljjfx gxL+ s/ gf rflxo] , p; jQm d'em] dfn"d gxL+ yf . k/ cfh ckgL lhGbuL ;] v'z xL x"+, ;fy b] g] s] lnP Ps a] 6L x} .



;dfh d] + gf/ L sL cj: yf, gf/ L s] k|lt k'?if sL ;f] r eL wL/ ] –wL/ ] abn / xL x} . 3/ d] + ;do sf] Joy{ u'hf/ g] s] abn] p; ;do sf] Joj;fo d] + nufg] ;] cfdbgL eL a9Þ] uL O; ;f] r k/ sO{ k'?if ;sf/ fTds x+} . h} ;Lb] jn xg'dfg9f] sf d] + / xg] jfnL ;Ldf b] jL ;fx ̂ dxLg] ;] kmnkm"n Joj;fo s/ tL cf / xL x} + . d] / ] klt eL km'6kfy k/ kmnkm"n xL a] rg] sf sfd s/ t] x+} –;Ldf g] atfof . k|ltlbg rf/ –kf+r ;f} kmfobf xf] hftf x} . bf] a] 6f cf} / Ps a] 6L x} , tLgf] + sf] k9Þf / xL x"+ . gf/ L ;zlQms/ 0f Sof x} < ox k"5g] k/ ;Ldf s'5 gxL+ atf kfoL . dlxnf lx+;f s] ljifo k/ rrf{

s/ g] k/ eL d+} k9L–lnvL gxL+ x"+ d'em] ktf gxL+ x} ;Ldf g] sxf . d': s/ ft] x'O{ ;Ldf g] sxf – d] / L aft] + pgsf] k;Gb gxL+ cftL x} , pgsL aft d'em] k;Gb gxL+ . O;lnP 3/ d] + klt ;] seL seL emu8Þ] xf] hft] x+} . b";/ ] db{ bf? kfgL n] t] x} + du/ d] / f klt j} ;f gxL+ s/ tf O;lnP d} + v'z x"F .

o] s'5 pbfx/ 0f x} pg dlxnfcf] + sf hf] en] xL k9ÞL lnvL gf xf] k/ ;dfh d] + ;Ddfgk"j{s hLjgofkg s/ / xL x} + . sfd 5f] 6f of a8Þf gxL+ xf] tf . ckg] dfg cf} / ;Ddfg sf] arft] x'P ckg] cl: tTj sf] a/ s/ f/ / vgf a8ÞL aft xf] tL x} . cfh sf hLjg ax't hl6n xf] tf hf / xf x} . k'?if s] ;fy–;fy gf/ L sf] eL hLljsf rnfg] s] lnP sfd s/ gf h¿/ L xf] hftf x} . pmk/ ;] dx+ufO{ sL df/ x} . aRrf] + sf] l;km{ kfng] kf] ifg] ;] gxL+, cR5L lzIff eL b] gL k8ÞtL x} . O; t/ x hLjg ;+3if{do agtf hf / xf x} . P] ;L cj: yf d] + k'?if cf} / dlxnf bf] gf] + d] + s'5 ;dembf/ L cf hfP tf] ;Dej x} hLjg ax't s'5 ;/ n cf} / ;xh xf] hfo . O; s] lnP bf] gf] + sf lzlIft xf] gf eL ptgf xL h¿/ L x} . lzIff sL cfjZostf sf] cfh o] eL dfgg] nuL x} + hf] cfg] jfn] ;do s] lnP Ps cR5f ;+b] z x} . o] dlxnfPF eL ckg] aRrf] + sf] cfu] a9Þfgf rfxtL x} +, k9Þfgf rfxtL x} + tfls hf] sl7gfO{of] + sf ;fdgf

OGx] + s/ gf k8Þf jf] Ogs] aRrf] + sf] gxL+ s/ gf k8Þ] . en] xL gf/ L ;zlSts/ 0f of gf/ L lbj; h} ;] zAbf] + ;] o] ckl/ lrt x} + k/ ckg] 3/ sL lhDd] bfl/ of] + d] + hf] Ogsf of] ubfg xf] tf x} jf] lgM;Gb] x ;/ fxgLo x} . ox tf] to x} ls cu/ ls;L eL kl/ jf/ d] + dlxnf cf} / k'?if ;dfg ¿k ;] of] ubfg b] tf] jxfF d"ne"t k/ ] zflgofF cjZo sd xf] +uL . ;dfh cf} / JolSt sf] Og dlxnfcf] + s] k|lt eL ;xL cf} / : j: y ghl/ of ckgfgf rflxP cf} / Ogsf ;Ddfg s/ gf rflxP . lll

;dfh d] + Psn dlxnfcf] + sL ;+Vof a9tL hf / xL x} . lkt[;QfTds ;+: sf/ cf} / k'?ifjfbL ;f] r ;] dlxnfcf] + sL cj: yf gfh's agtL hf / xL x} . ljleGg ;/ sf/ L, u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yfPF O; ljifo k/ sfd s/ / x] x+} lkm/ eL Psn dlxnf sL ;d: of sf] ;Daf] wg gxL+ lsof hf ;sf x} . g] kfnL ;dfh d] + Psn dlxnf xf] gf clezfk dfgf hftf x} . P] ;L xL kL8Þf x} ;Ltf yfkf du/ sL . ;Ltf g] sxf, Psn dlxnf xf] g] sL aft ls;L sf] gxL+ atftL x"+ . ox sxg] ;] lstg] k'?iff] + s] ;f] rg] sf b[li6sf] 0f abn hftf x} . klt ;] ;DaGw ljR5] b x'P ts/ Lag * ;fn x'cf . d] / L & ;fn sL Ps a] 6L x} . d} + ^ jiff+] { ;] 6] Dkf] rnftL cf / xL x"+ . d] / f : yfoL ¿k d] + sf] O{ ?6 gxL+ x} . d} c: yfoL ¿k d] + ox Joj;fo s/ tL x"F . ox k] zf ckgfg] d] + z'? d] + d'em] ax't d'lZsn x'O{ yL . kxnL dlxnf rfns xf] g] jfnL 6] Dk' sf] …kf] yL 6] Dk'Ú-hgfgL 6] Dk'_ sxf hftf yf . ca ox ;d: of sfkmL xb ts b"/ xf] r'sL x} . lkm/ eL lstg] k'?if b'Jo{jxf/ s/ g] k/ ptf? xf] hft] x} + . ;Ltf g] cfu] atfof ,gf/ L lbj; sa x} d'em] ktf gxL+ . n] lsg PghLcf] , cfOPghLcf] h} ;L ;+: yfPF gf/ L sL ;d: of k/ sfd s/ tL x} + . d} + 3/ sL l: ylt s] sf/ 0f k9Þ gxL+ kfO{, k9ÞL x'O{ xf] tL tf] d+} cfh ax't cfu] / xtL . 6] Dk' rfns gxL+ aggf k8Þtf . Psn dlxnf xf] g] sL kL8Þf l;km{ Psn dlxnf xL ;dem ;stL x} . ;dfh Pj+ kl/ jf/ sf] O; ;] sf] O{ n] gfb] gf gxL+ xf] tf x} . hLjg ax't ;+3if{k"0f{ x} .

;Ltf yfkf du/ , -6] Dk' rfns_

;Ldf b] jL ;fx, -kmn Joj;fo_



b] vf hfo tf] , ljZj dfglrq d] + g] kfn pg / fi6«f] + sL ;"rL d] + ckgf : yfg agfg] d] + ;kmn x} hxfF dlxnfcf] + sL ;+Vof k'?if sL t'ngf d] + Hofbf x} . ;g\ @)!! s] tYof+s cg';f/ oxfF k'?if cf} / dlxnf sf cg'kft ) bzdnj (^ x} . s] Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefu s] cg';f/ ;g\ @)!! d] + g] kfn sL s"n hg;+Vof @ s/ f] 8 ^^ nfv yL, lh;d] + Ps s/ f] 8 #^ nfv dlxnf cf} / Ps s/ f] 8 @( nfv k'?if y] . O;s] afb x'O{ hgu0fgf d] + eL dlxnfcf] + sL ;+Vof Hofbf xL lbvfO{ uO{ x} . n] lsg b'ef{Uo ;+Vof s] lx;fa ;] Hofbf xf] t] x'P eL pgsL xfnt cR5L gxL+ .

g] kfn s] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg g] dlxnfcf] + s] ;fy ls;L eL t/ x s] lje] b k/ k|ltaGw nufof x} . n] lsg ;RrfO{ ox x} ls g] kfn d] + ceL eL ax't xL sd dlxnfcf] + sf] cfu] cfg] sf cj;/ ldnf x} . sO{ dfogf] + d] + dlxnfcf] + s] ;fy b";/ ] bh] { s] gful/ s sL t/ x Jojxf/ lsof hftf x} . @! jL+ ;bL d] + eL clwsf+z dlxnf rf/ bLjf/ L s] cGb/ s} b x+} . pgsf ;Qf, ;Dklt cf} / >f] t k/ clwsf/ gxL+ x} . ax't P] ;] ufFj x} +, hxfF dlxnf sf] ckgL OR5f cg';f/ r'gfj d] + jf] 6 ts b] g] sf clwsf/ gxL+ . cf} / cu/ jx dtbfg d] + ;xefuL eL x'O{ tf] jx

pgsf] jf] 6 s/ tL x} lh;] pgsf lktf, klt of efO{ jf] 6 s/ g] s] lnP lgb] {z b] t] x} + . ;Dklt sL aft sL hfo tf] clwsf+z 3/ d] + dlxnfcf] + s] gfd ;] a+} s d] + vftf rntf x} . n] lsg a} +s d] + / v] k} ;] sf] ckg] lx;fa ;] vr{ s/ g] sf clwsf/ p;] gxL+ . ckg] klt of cleefjs ;] k/ fdz{ lnP au} / jx Ps k} ;f eL gxL+ lgsfn ;stL . O;L t/ x g] kfn d] + clwsf+z hdLg dlxnfcf] + s] gfd ;] v/ LbL hftL x} n] lsg p; hdLg sf] jx ckg] lx;fa ;] pkof] u gxL+ s/ ;stL .

g] kfn sL dlxnf sL xfnt ceL eL cToGt bogLo x} sxgf cltzof] lQm gxL+ xf] uL . pGx+] 3/ s] sfdsfh cf} / aRRff] + Pj+ kl/ jf/ sL b] vefn d] + nufof hftf x} . ufFj d] + b] vf hfo tf] pGx+] ax't s8ÞL d] xgt s/ gL k8ÞtL x} , s'cfF ;] kfgL nfgf, kz'wg s] lnP rf/ f h'6fgf cf} / v] tLkftL x} tf] hg x/ jfx s] lnP vfgf agfgf, kxF'rfgf, xf6 ahf/ s/ gf . Ps kl/ jf/ s] lnP ox ;eL sfo{ cTofjZos xf] t] x'P eL sf] O{ eL sfo{ k|ToIf ¿k ;] cy{ gxL+ b] tf cf} / cGttM dlxnfcf] + sf] ckgL 5f] 6L–5f] 6L vr{ s] lnP lktf, klt of efO{ k/ lge{/ / xgf k8Þtf x} . b] vf hfo tf] g] kfn sL dlxnf cf} ;tg !) bzdnj ( 3G6f sfd s/ tL x+} , cf} / k'?if & bzdnj * 3G6f xL sfd s/ t] x} + .

zx/ d] + s'5 dlxnfcf] + g] 3/ ;] afx/ lgsn s/ sfd s/ gf z'? s/ lbof x} n] lsg dlxnf xf] g] s] sf/ 0f pgs] ;fy lje] b lsof hftf x} . ceL eL clwsf+z pBf] u d] + k'?if sL t'ngf d] + dlxnfcf] + sf] s/ La @% k|ltzt sd tGfVjfx bL hftL x} . ;+ljwfg d] + : ki6 ¿k ;] lnvf uof x} ;dfg sfd s] lnP ;dfg kfl/ >lds n] lsg Jojxf/ d] + laNs'n cnu x} oxfF .

3/ xf] of afx/ bf] gf] + hux dlxnf ljljw oftgf sf lzsf/ ag / xL x} . kTgL sf] kL6gf tf] h} ;] g] kfnL ;dfh sf ;+: sf/ xL ag uof x} . O;s] cnfjf afnljjfx, ax'ljjfx, anfTsf/ , of} ghGo

s~rgf emf

zlQm sf gfd xL gf/L x}

gf/L s] abnt] t]j/;dfh tf] aLdf/ x} . bfbf, bfbL, dfF, afk, ;flxTosf/ , kqsf/ ,

rnlrqsdL{ Og ;eL g] ;lbof] + ;] dlxnf sf] sdhf] / agfg] sf efO/ ; km} nfg] sf sfd lsof x} .

s'5 xL lbg kxn] / fhwfgL s] clt Jo: t Onfsf a;Gtk'/ d] + bf] gfaflnu n8sL k/ t] hfa km] +sf uof . ox ;dfrf/ t} of/ s/ t] jSt ts bf] lifof] + sf] + ks8 Þgf tf] b"/ sL aft x} kxrfg eL gxL+ xf] kfO{ x} . t] hfa cfqmd0f s] bf] lifof] + sf] tTsfn ks8 Þg] ] sL df+u sf] n] s/ ha s'5 dlxnf clwsf/ sdL{ k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf s] kf; kx'FrL tf] k|wfgdGqL sf hjfa yf– n8lsofF ;xof] u gxLF s/ / xL x} . k|wfgdGqL g] n8lsof] + ;] cfu|x lsof ls bf] ifL sf gfd cf} / ktf b] + . a] rf/ L n8lsofF c: ktfn s] z} of k/ x} +, t] hfa sL hng ;] eL gxL+ pa/ kfoL x} +, dg sL hng tf] b"/ sL aft x} . P] ;] d] + b] z s] k|wfgdGqL sxt] x} + ls bf] ifL sf gfd atfcf] . ;DejtM ox 36gf kof{Kt x} , g] kfn d] + dlxnfcf] + sL cj: yf cf} / oxfF s] g] t[Tj sL ;f] r sf] phfu/ s/ g] d] + . xd aft s/ t] + x} + @!jL+ ;bL sL, rfFb sf] 5'g] sL cf} / dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f sL n] lsg c;lnot d] + Sof x} <



lx+;f, j] Zofj[lt, bx] h cf} / 8fog h} ;L ;d: of eL pgs] xL vftf] + d] + cftL x} . pgs] : jf: Yo k/ Wofg gxL+ lbof hftf x} . u|fdL0f Onfs] d] + krf; k|ltzt ;] clws dlxnf d] + aRr] bfgL lu/ g] sL ;d: of x} . dlxnfPF zd{ ;] af] n gxL+ kftL cf} / ha pkrf/ s] lnP hftL x} tf] ax't b] / xf] hftL x} . klZrd s] sO{ ufFjf] + d] + dfxjf/ L s] bf} / fg ceL eL dlxnfcf] + sf] uf] 7 d] + ;'nfof hftf x} . 3/ d] + zf} rfno ts gxL+, pGx] v'n] d} bfg d] + zf} r s/ gf k8Þtf x} , : gfg s/ gf k8Þtf x} . sdn/ L cf} / jfbL k|yf ceL eL ljBfdfg x} . u'0f: t/ Lo lzIff sL tf] aft xL gf s/ ] + . s'5 jif{ kxn] x'O{ hgu0fgf g] ox eL : ki6 lsof yf ls g] kfn d] + l;km{ $@ k|ltzt dlxnf lzlIft x} + . j} ;] O; tYofFs d] + jf] dlxnf eL zfldn x} +, hf] l;km{ ckgf gfd lnv ;stL x} + . ;a;] a8L b'Mv sL aft ox x} ls lh; aRr] sf] jx hGd b] tL x} , p;] gful/ stf b] g] sf clwsf/ eL p;sf] gxL+ . oxfF lktf s] gfd ;] gful/ stf lbof hftf x} .

abnfj hf/ Ldlxnf cf} / k'?if bf] gf] + ;dfh s]

;b: o x} + . Og bf] +gf] sf ljsf; ha ts gxL+ xf] uf ta ts b] z sL ;Eotf, ;+: s[lt of cy{tGq cfu] gxL+ a9 ;stL . ox ;f] r sf] O{ gO{ gxL+, cGt/ f{i6«Lo : t/ k/ sfkmL nDaL ax; rn / xL x} O; d'2] k/ . vf; s/ g] kfn sL aft s/ ] + tf] () s] bzs s] afb O; ;f] r s] pmk/ 5f] 6] : t/ k/ xL Sof] g xf] n] lsg rrf{ xf] g] nuL . dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f sf gf/ f rf/ f] + cf] / nug] nuf x} . j} ;] O; gf/ f g] s'5 eL gxL+ lsof sxgf unt xf] uf, Sof] +ls bf] bzs kxn] sL t'ngf d] + cfh g] kfnL dlxnf sL l: ylt d] + yf] 8Þf abnfj cfof x} . pGx] ue{ktg ;+aGwL clwsf/ , ;Dklt ;+aGwL clwsf/ s] ;fy cf} / s'5 clwsf/ ldn] x} + . n8ÞlsofF k9Þg] nuL x} +, 3/ ;] afx/ hf s/ eL sfd s/ g] nuL x} +, / fhgLtL ;] n] s/ Jofkf/ ts ckgL k} 7 agfg] nuL x+} . n] lsg lkm/ lh; / km\tf/ ;] ;dfh d] + abnfj cfgf rflxP jx gxL+ xf] ;sf x} . of sx] + abnfj eL zx/ d'vL xf] s/ / x uof x} . dlxnf clwsf/ s] gf/ f nufg] jfn] clwsf+z nf] u / fhwfgL s] Ob{ lub{ xL 3"d / x] x} + . a8Þ] –a8Þ] cf} / l;tf/ ] xf] 6n d] + ;ef, ;Dd] ng cf} / efif0fjfhL s/ g] ;] dlxnf sL cj: yf d] + kl/ jt{g gxL+ xf] g] jfnf . clwsf/ sld{of] + sf] rflxP ls ;d: of sL h8Þ ts kxF'r] +

cf} / dlxnfcf] + sf] lzlIft cf} / cfTdlge{/ agfg] s] lnP : ki6 sfo{qmd nfo] + . O; t/ x sf sfo{qmd nfg] s] lnP ;/ sf/ k/ bafa 8fn] + . ;fj{hlgs oftfoft d] + bf] l;6 cf/ If0f s/ jf n] g] ;] ;d: of ;dfwfg gxL+ xf] uL alNs cf} / Hofbf a9Þ hfo] uL .

j} ;] @)^@–^# d] + x'P hgcfGbf] ng s] afb ul7t ;+ljwfg;ef d] + dlxnfcf] + sf] sfkmL hux bL uO{ yL . x/ If] q d] + ## k|ltzt ;xeflutf sL df+u s/ / xL dlxnfcf] + sf] kxnL af/ / fhgLlt d] + : yfg lbof uof . k|ToIf lgjf{rg k|0ffnL d] + ax't dlxnf pDdLbjf/ k/ flht xf] g] s] afah"b ^)! ;b: oLo ;+ljwfg;ef d] + ! ;o (& dlxnf ;b: o yL+ . n] lsg / fhgLts bn s] g] t[Tj g] ;ef;b s] ¿k d] + P] ;L dlxnf sf rog lsof, hf] pgs] Ozf/ ] k/ rn] +, pgsL s7k'tnL ags/ ;+ljwfg;ef d+] a} 7] + . kl/ 0ffd ox x'cf ls O;

P] ltxfl;s

;kmntf sf] dlxnf ;ef;b\ pkof] u gxL+ s/ kfoL . jt{dfg ;+ljwfg;ef d] + dlxnf sL ;xeflutf kxn] h} ;L gxL+ cf} / lh;] rog lsof uof x} , pgsL Ifdtf k/ af/ –af/ k|Zg p7 r'sf x} . g] tfu0f hf] xf/ uP, pGxf] +g] ckgL kTgL sf] ;ef;b agf lbof, ls;L g] xf] g] jfnL ;+lwg sf] tf] ls;L g] ;fnL, efeL cf} / ==== sf] . / fhgLts bn sL of] hgf xL x} ls dlxnfcf] + sf] cfu] a9Þg] gxL+ lbof hfo cGoyf ;Ifd dlxnf xf] t] x'P eL pgsf] gLlt lgdf{0f d] + ;xefuL gxL+ lsof hfP .

r'gf} ltof+/ f] u cu/ bL3{ xf] tf] p;sf pkrf/

eL nDaf xL rntf x} . jf: tj d] + dlxnf s] pmk/ xf] / x] lje] b cfh eL j} ;] xL x} . ;lbof] + ;] rn / xf ox lje] b Ps / ft d] + x6 eL gxL+ ;stf . hNbafhL d] + x'P kl/ jt{g ;dfh d] + c;Gt'ng sL l: ylt nf ;stf x} cf} / ;Dk"0f{ ;fdflhs ;+/ rgf sf] k|efljt s/ ;stf x} . n] lsg O;sf dtna o] eL gxL+ ls kl/ jt{g sL ult

s5'jf rfn d] + xf] . sO{ k'?if dlb/ f sf ;] jg s/ ;8Þs k/ n'9Þs hft] x} +, O;lnP dlxnfcf] + sf] eL dlb/ f ;] jg sf clwsf/ xf] gf rflxP, P] ;f ;f] rgf unt x} . jf: tj d] + dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f s] cfGbf] ng d] + hf] g] t[TjbfoL e"ldsf d] + x} +, pGx] + uDeL/ xf] s/ ;f] rg] sf jSt eL cf uof x} . sxL+ P] ;f tf] gxL+, j] nf] u v'b gxL+ ;dem / x] + x} dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f sf cy{ . ;dfh d] + x/ JolSt k'?if xf] + of dlxnf pgs] kf; ckf/ Ifdtf x} cf} / O;L Ifdtf sf] kxrfggf cf} / p;] ;sf/ fTds lbzf d] + pkof] u s/ gf O;L cj: yf sf] ;zlSts/ 0f sxf hf ;stf x} . cf} / ox z'? xf] tf x} lzIff ;] , : jf: Yo ;] cf} / cfTd lge{/ tf ;] .

cf7 dfr{Ps af/ lkm/ cf7 dfr{ cfof x} . O;

lbg sf] ;d: t ljZj dlxnf lbj; s] ¿k d] + dgftf x} . ;/ sf/ dlxnf lbj; s] lbg ;fj{hlgs 5'§L b] s/ ;: t] d] + lgk6 n] tL x} . / fhwfgL d] + s'5 dlxnfcf] + sf] sO{ xKtf] + ;] km';{t gxL+ . dlxnf lbj; s] gfd k/ x/ / f] h kfFr l;tf/ f xf] 6n d] + ljljw sfo{qmd xf] / x] x} + . lbg d] + efif0f cf} / zfd xf] t] xL dlb/ f d] + d: t xf] hfg] jfnL slyt dlxnf clwsf/ sld{of] + sf] eL yf] 8f uDeL/ xf] g] sf jQm cf uof x} . dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f s] gfd k/ ljb] z ;] cfg] jfn] ;xof] u sf ;b'kof] u xf] gf rflxP . ;fy xL ljb] zL bft[ lgsfo Pj+ ;/ sf/ sf] rflxP ls jx lgu/ fgL s/ ] ls dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f s] gfd k/ cfo] ;xof] u sf ;xL pkof] u xf] / xf x} of gxL+ .

;dfh tf] aLdf/ x} . bfbf, bfbL, dfF, afk, ;flxTosf/ , kqsf/ , rnlrqsdL{ Og ;eL g] ;lbof] + ;] dlxnf sf] sdhf] / agfg] sf efO/ ; km} nfg] sf sfd lsof x} . Ps yf / fhf wgjfg anjfg cf} / Ps yL / fgL sf] dn ;'zLn cf} / ;'Gb/ . aRrf] + sf] o] sxfgL ;'gf–;'gf s/ dfgl;s ¿k ;] pGx] + hGd ;] xL aLdf/ agf lbof x} ;dfh g] . dlxnfcf] + sf] ;'Gb/ ;'zLn sf] dn s] ¿k d] + k|: t't s/ l;km{ ef] Uof agf s/ / v lbof uof x} . cfjZos x} dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f sL . pGx] + ox atfgf h¿/ L x} ls a'l4 xf] of an jx ls;L d+] sd gxL+ . : jfdL ljj] sfg+b g] sxf yf –x/ JolSt s] kf; c;Lldt Ifdtf x} a; p;] kxrfggf x} cf} / O;s] lnP pGxf] +g] ;"q lbof– p7f] hfuf] cf} / ckg] cfksf] hfgf] . lll

lbg d] + efif0f

cf} / zfd xf] t] xL dlb/ f d] + d: t xf] hfg] jfnL slyt dlxnf clwsf/ sld{of] + sf] eL yf] 8f uDeL/

xf] g] sf jQm cf uof x} .



Sof sxtL+ x} + dlxnfP+dlxnf sL cj: yf ceL eL cR5L gxL+ x} k'?if ceL eL oxL ;f] rtf x} ls dlxnf rf/

bLjf/ L s] cGb/ xL / x] . dlxnfcf] + sf] ckg] ljrf/ / vg] sL : jtGqtf gxL+ . cf} / O;sf k|efj kl/ jf/ ts xL ;Lldt g xf] s/ , ;dfh cf} / k"/ ] / fi6« k/ k8Þ / xf x} . Ifdtfjfg

xf] g] s] afah"b p;] k'?if vf; s/ >Ldfg\ k/ cfl>t xf] gf k8Þ / xf x} .j} ;] bf] bzs kxn] ;] t'ngf sL hfo tf] yf] 8Þf kl/ jt{g h¿/ cfof x} .

cfh dlxnf rfx] dw] z sL xf] of kxf8Þ sL, ckg] clwsf/ sf] n] s/ jx ;r] t xf] / xL x} . jx ;fd"lxs ¿k ;] ;jfn p7f / xL x} + cf} / ;femf ;+3if{ s/ / xL x} . dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f eL jf: tj d] + oxL x} . ckg] clwsf/ sf] ;demgf cf} / p;] pkof] u s/ kfg] sL Ifdtf / vgf xL ;xL dfogf] + d] + dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f x} .

l: ylt ceL eL eofjx x} . 3/ , kl/ jf/ , kf6L{ cf} / / fHo s] ;fy ;+3if{ s/ gf xf] uf . x/ hux sd–;] –sd ## k|ltzt cf/ If0f xf] gf rflxP . cf} / ox teL ;Dej x} ha ## k|ltzt cf/ If0f sL Joj: yf ;+ljwfg xL Uof/ ] G6L s/ ] .

lxl;nf odLg] q[, Plss[t dfcf] jfbL

kDkmf e'iffng] q[, g] skf–dfcf] jfbL

lh; dlxnf sf] cj;/ ldnf, jx k|dfl0ft s/ r'sL x} ls jx ;Ifd x} ;dfg x} , jx ls;L ;] sd gxL+ . n] lsg ox ;f} efUo ax't sd -Go"g_ dlxnf sf] xL ldnf x} . clwsf+z dlxnf cfh eL cj;/ sL tnfz d] + x} + cf} / pgsL cj: yf bogLo xL x} .

vf; s/ () s] bzs d] + dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f cfGbf] ng g] ljZjJofkL ¿k d] + hf] 8Þ ks8Þf cf} / g] kfn eL p; cfGbf] ng ;] c5"tf gxL+ / x kfof . O;;] kmfobf eL x'cf x} n] lsg kmfobf zx/ cf} / k9L–lnvL dlxnf ts xL ;Lldt xf] s/ / x uof . u|fdL0f Onfs] d] + ceL eL dlxnfPF cfwf/ e"t cfjZostf s] lnP h"em / xL x} +, clwsf/ tf] b"/ sL aft x} . dlxnf s] lnP ## k|ltzt cf/ If0f eL l;km{ b: tfj] h d] + ;Lldt xf] s/ / x uof x} . sxL+ eL Jojxf/ d] + sfof{Gjog x'cf gxL+ lbvtf .

;d: of sL h8Þ sL aft sL hfo tf] ;dfh sL ;f] r x} . lkt[;QfTds ;f] r s] sf/ 0f dlxnf s] of] ubfgf] + sf ;xL d"No+fsg gxL+ xf] kfof cf} / jx Ps j: t' s] ¿k d] + ags/ / x uoL x} . ceL / fi6« ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] qmd d] + x} . ;eL kf6L{ sf] rflxP

ls dlxnfcf] + s] lnP x/ tx, tas] k/ krf; k|ltzt cf/ If0f sL gLlt nfP cf} / ox gLlt Jojxf/ d] + nfu" xf] gf rflxP .

O; d] + sf] O{ bf] dt gxL+ ls dlxnf cfu] a9Þ / xL x} , p;sL cj: yf d] + ;'wf/ xf] / xf x} . jx r] tgzLn x'O{ x} n] lsg kl/ jt{g k"/ ] ;dfh d] + gxL+ x'cf x} . kl/ jt{g zx/ d] + cf} / p;d] + eL Ps lglZrt ju{ d] + ;Lldt xf] uof x} . 8fog, afnljjfx, ax'ljjfx, ljwjf–

k|tf8Þgf, afnfTsf/ h} ;L dlxnf lj?4 sL lx+;f sL l: ylt ceL eL eofjx x} . s/ La bf] , ;f9] bf] bzs ;] rn / xf dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f cfGbf] ng g] dlxnf sf] s'5 xb ts r] tgzLn agfof

x} n] lsg cf} / Hofbf hfu[lt cfjZos x} . ;fy xL xd] + ;f] rgf x} ls dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f sf cy{ l;km{ k'?if sf] ufnL b] gf gxL+ . dlxnf v'b eL ptgL xL lhDd] jf/ x} . b] vf uof x} ls dlxnf lj?4 sL clwsf+z lx+;f d] + dlxnf : jo+ Hofbf lhDd] bf/ x} . cf} / t xL cf} / t sL b'Zdg x} .

dlxnf sL cj: yf d] + ;'wf/ s] lnP ;fF: s[lts ¿k ;] r] tgf hufgL xf] uL, ufFj–ufFj d] + lzIff cf} / rl/ q lgdf{0f s] lnP cf} / Hofbf ;+3if{ s/ gf xf] uf .

;+lhtf adf{, k|f1



df] ldnf hf] zL, ;flxTosf/

lgd{nf zdf{, ;~rf/ sdL{

;/ sf/ L sfof{no, ;+ljwfg ;ef, / fhgLlt, ;] gf, k'ln; cf} / ;~rf/ If] q d] + b] vg] ;] nutf x} dlxnf sL cj: yf d] + kl/ jt{g cfof x} . n] lsg ox kl/ jt{g l;km{ ;txL x} , ls;L Ps JolQm of If] q d] + kl/ jt{g cfg] ;] dlxnf sL l: ylt d] + ;'wf/ gxL+ cf hfPuf . kl/ jt{g x/ 3/ d] + xf] gf h¿/ L x} . x/ dlxnf ls;L g ls;L If] q d] + ;xefuL xf] hfg] s] afb xL ;xL dfog] d] + kl/ jt{g xf] uf . n] lsg ox Otgf cf;fg gxL+ . g] kfn xL gxL+ j/ g cd] l/ sf, o"/ f] k of sx] + k"/ ] ljZj d] + dlxnf sf] b";/ ] bh] { s] gful/ s s] ¿k d] + / vf uof x} , O;lnP l: ylt ax't xL hl6n x} . dlxnf jf: tj d] + x/ If] q d] + cfu] cfP, O;s] lnP cfjZos x} – dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f cfGbf] ng sf] lg/ Gt/ tf b] gf . ox Ps ;+3if{ x} ;dfh d] + ;sf/ fTds kl/ jt{g nfg] s] lnP, ;dfh s] ljsf; s] lnP cf} / ;+3if{ ta ts hf/ L / vgf xf] uf ha ts x/ dlxnf ckgL Ifdtf sf] kxrfg g n] . jx lzlIft g xf] hfP cf} / cfly{s ¿k ;] ;an g xf] hfo] .

efjgf l3ld/ ] , sfo{sf/ L clws[tlqms] 6 P;f] l;P;g cf‘km g] kfn

ljBfno, / fi6«Lo Pj+ cGt/ f{i6«Lo u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yf of ax't ;] cGo sfof{nof] + sf] cfh dlxnf rnfg] nuL x} . O; t/ x ;] b] vf hfo tf] dlxnf sL cj: yf d] + ;'wf/ cfof x} cyf{t\ k|f] u|] l;e x} . n] lsg kl/ jt{g sf c;/ zx/ s] +lb|t x} , ufFj d] + ceL eL kl/ jt{g sL xjf gxL+ kxF'r kfoL x} . kl/ jt{g sL xjf ha ts ufFj–ufFj d] + gxLF kx'Fr] uL, ta ts dlxnf sL cj: yf d] + ck] lIft ;'wf/ ;Dej gxL+ . ;/ sf/ sf] rflxP ls dlxnfcf] + sf] Jojxfl/ s tf} / k/ Hofbf ;] Hofbf cj;/ k|bfg s/ ] n] lsg b'ef{Uo, b] z d] + ;/ sf/ xL gxL+ . / fhgLlts cl: y/ tf s] sf/ 0f sf] O{ eL ;/ sf/ gxL+ l6s kf / xL x} cf} / sf] O{ eL ;/ sf/ lehg eL gxL+ agf kf / xL x} . ## k|ltzt lnv b] g] ;] gxL+ xf] uf, pGx] ;Ifd agfgf x} cf} / O;s] lnP kxnf sbd lzIff x} . d} + tf] v] n hut ;] ;+a+w / vtL x"F . O; If] q d] + tf] cf} / sd x} dlxnf . v] n k'?if s] lnP x} , ox ;f] r x} ;dfh d] + . O; ;f] r ;] afx/ cfgf xf] uf ;eL sf] . sf] O{ eL If] q ljz] if ju{ s] lnP gxL+ xf] tf, cj;/ ldng] k/ dlxnf ax't cR5f s/ / xL x} .

gxL+ xf] tf, k'?if sf] x7 Tofu s/ gf xf] uf, ta hfs/ abnfj cfo] uf cf} / jx abnfj ;sf/ Tds eL xf] uf . ceL tf] dlxnfcf] + sf] ax't ;L ;d: ofcf] + ;] h"emgf k8Þtf x} . Ifdtfjfg xf] g] s] afah"b p;sf] sbd–sbd k/ ckgL Ifdtf k|dfl0ft s/ gf k8Þ

/ xf x} . p;sL Ifdtf k/ k|ZglrGx nufof hftf x} . d'em] nutf x} , ;dfh sL ox ;f] r kl/ j{tg s/ gf cfjZos x} cf} / teL hfs] ;kmntf ldn] uL dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f cfGbf] ng sf] .

k'/ ftg ;f] r ;] ;dfh ceL eL gxL+ pa/ kfof x} . sfg"g dlxnf xs,

clwsf/ sL aft s/ tf x} , abnfj eL cfof x} n] lsg ox xfyL sf] lbvfg] s]

bfFt ;dfg x} . cfd dlxnf sL cj: yf d] + pNn] vgLo ;'wf/ gxL+ xf] ;sf x} . xfF, bf] bzs

kxn] sL t'ngf cfh s] ;fy lsof hfo tf] abnfj lbv / xf x} n] lsg lh; lx;fa ;] ;dfh d] + lbvgf rflxP jx gxL+ xf] ;sf x} . dfF agg] sf clwsf/ cf} / ;f} efUo k|s[lt g] l;km{ dlxnf sf] lbof x} . ox aft k'?if sf] ;demgf xf] uf, p;] dlxnfcf] + sL dbb s/ gL xf] uL, ;Ddfg b] gf xf] uf cf} / p;sL e"ldsf sf] ;xL d"Nof+sg s/ gf xf] uf . x7 ;] ;d: of ;dfwfg

g] kfn sL dlxnfo] + cfh eL k'?iff] + sL bf;L xL x} + . bf;L leGg–leGg k|sf/ sL xf] ;stL x} , ;fdflhs, cfly{s, / fhgLlts cf} / z} lIfs : t/ km/ s–km/ s xf] ;stf x} , k/ Gt' ;eL dlxnfP+ dfgl;s ¿k ;] k'?iff] + sL u'nfd x} . dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f cfGbf] ngf] + g] s'5 dlxnfcf] + sL cfjfh sf] lasg] nfos agfof x} . n] lsg ;RrfO{ ox x} ls cfGbf] ngf] +] + s] hl/ o] zf;s au{ cfly{s cltqmd0f s/ s] sfo{qmd ah] 6 eL cfj+6g lsof x} . tyfslyt dlxnf ;xeflutf s] gfd k/ cfd g] kfnL sf] e|ldt lsof hf / xf x} . d] / ] larf/ ;] ;d: of sL h8Þ ;+: s[lt, / Lltl/ jfh, ljs[lt–lj;+utL, e|i6frf/ cf} / ljleGg wd{ Joa: yf x} . Joj: yf kl/ jt{g sf / fi6«JofkL hgcfGbf] ng lgdf{0f s/ gf x} . O;s] lnP ef} uf] lns ;fdflhs ;~hfn sf lgdf{0f s/ s] ;+u7g s] k|lzlIft sfo{stf{cf] + s] hl/ o] hfu[lt sf sfd s/ gf x} . nf] uf] + sf] lzlIft cf} / ;+ul7t s/ s] ;+3if{ s] lnP t} of/ s/ gf x} . zf/ bf e'iffn emf, e|i6frf/ lj?4 cleoGtf



sl/ df j] ud, g] t[, dw] zL hgflwsf/ kmf] / d

dlxnfcf] + sL l: ylt ax't cR5L tf] gxL+ x}

n] lsg kxn] sL t'ngf d] + s'5 ;'wf/ x'cf x} . n] lsg ox

;'wf/ eL zx/ sL k9L lnvL dlxnfcf] + d] + ;Lldt x} , u|fdL0f kl/ j] z sL aft sL hfo] tf] l: ylt ceL eL j} ;L xL x} . jx x/ clwsf/ cf} / ;'ljwfcf] + ;] jl~rt x} , jx sxL+ eL ;'/ lIft gxL+ x} . / fhgLlt sL tf] aft xL gxL+ sL hfo, ax't Hofbf lje] b x} , d} + v'b Ps pbfx/ 0f x"F . d'em] gfd s] lnP of sx] + dlxnf ;xeflutf lbvfg] s] lnP dGqL agf lbof uof . dGqL xf] s/ eL d} + s'5 s/ gxL+ ;stL yL, sf] O{ clwsf/ gxL+ lbof uof yf . jf: tj d] + b] vf hfo tf] dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f

cfGbf] ng s] afb dlxnfcf] + sf] cj;/ tf] ldng] nuf x} , n] lsg jxfF eL lje] b x} .xfF, bf] bzs kxn] dlxnf ckgL kL8Þf sf] hflx/ gxL+ s/ tL yL, r'k rfk / f]

n] tL yL . n] lsg ca jx ckgL aft / vg] nuL x} . lgM;Gb] x ox kl/ jt{g x} n] lsg ox kof{Kt gxL+ . cfGbf] ng cu/ ;xL 9+u ;] cfu] a9Þtf tf] l: ylt cf} / a] xt/ xf] ;stL yL . hxfF ts dlxnfcf] + sL l: ylt d] + ;xL dfog] d] + ;'wf/ nfg] s] lnP dlxnf sf] v'b cfu] cfgf xf] uf, ljeflht xf] s/ gxL+ Ps Kn] 6kmfd{ k/ cfs/ ckgf Ph] G8f / vgf xf] uf cf} / O;s] lnP l;km{ k'?if sf] ufnL b] s/ gxL+ pgsf ;xof] u cf} / ;dy{g n] s/ cfu] a9Þgf xf] uf .

;'k|ef l3ld/ ] k"j{ ;efklt, k|fWofks ;+3

g] kfn d] + dlxnf sL cj: yf sf] Ps gh/ ;] gxL+ b] vf hf ;stf x} . zx/ sL of k9ÞL–

lnvL dlxnf sL aft s/ ] + tf] l: ylt 7Ls xL gh/ cftL x} n] lsg ufFj d] + l: ylt ljs/ fn x} . zx/ xf] of ufFj, s'5 dlxnf d] + hfu?stf x} n] lsg ;xof] u g ldng] s] sf/ 0f jx cfu] gxL+ a9Þ kf / xL x} . gAa] s] bzs s] afb dlxnf v'n s/ afx/ cfg] hfg] nuL, ckg] clwsf/ s] k|lt eL hfu?s x'O{ x} , nf] stGq ;demg] nuL x} n] lsg g] t[Tj ;] ceL eL jx ax't b"/ x} . dlxnf sf] ca cfqmfds 9+u ;] ckgL aft / vgL xf] uL, 8Þ/ gf gxL+ x} . lzIff, gf} s/ L of x/ If] q d] + ckgL ;lqmo pkl: ylt nfgL xf] uL . ox aft ;eL sf] ;demgf eL xf] uf vf; s/ gLlt lgdf{tfcf] + sf] . krf; k|ltzt hg;+Vof sf] ljsf; s] d"nwf/ ;] afx/ / vs/ b] z–ljsf; sL aft s/ gf c;Dej x} . ;a;] a8ÞL ;d: of / fhgLlt cf} / g] t[Tj d] + xL x} . / fhgLlt d] + cfg] ;] kxn] d'em] sxL+ eL cf} / seL eL k'?if afws x} , Px;f; gxL+ x'cf n] lsg ha d} + / fhgLlt d] + cfoL tf] nuf ;a;] Hofbf ;d: of tf] oxL+ x} . / fhgLlts bn s] g] tf k'?ifjfbL ;f] r ;] u|: t x} + . dlxnfcf] + sf] ckgL OR5fcf] + sf bdg s/ gf k8Þtf x} , vf; s/ / fhgLlt d] + .

sf] dn cf] nL, uflosf cf} / ;~rf/ sdL{

dlxnfcf] + sL l: ylt ;'wf/ f] Gd'v x} . / fhgLlts

lx;fa ;] of ;txL lx;fa ;] b] vf hfo tf] jx ax't cfu] cfoL x} , n] lsg ceL eL ax't ;L aft] + Jofjxfl/ s ¿k ;] sfof{Gjog gxL+ xf] kfof x} . cf} / O;sf ;a;] a8f sf/ 0f x} – dlxnf v'b cfu] gxL+ cfgf rfx / xL x} . jx klt, kl/ jf/ cf} / aRr] d] + xL v'z x} . ox l: ylt l;km{ g] kfn d] + xL gxL+, ljZj sf kl/ b[Zo xL s'5 P] ;f xL x} rfx] jx cd] l/ sf xf] of c/ a / fi6« .

cf} / O;d] + bf] ifL d} + k'?if sf] gxL+ dfgtL, : jo+ dlxnf eL ptgL xL bf] ifL x} + Sof] +ls n8ÞsL ha !# of !$ jif{ sL xf] tL x}

teL ;] dfF pgsf] k|] d cf} / : g] x sL d"lt{ agg] sf tfnLd b] gf z'? s/ b] tL x} . cf} / xd lrNnf / x] + x} + ls k'?if afws x} . dlxnf sf] cfu] cfg] s] lnP lzIff xL ;a;] ;zQm xlyof/ x} , O;sf ljsNk s'5 gxL+ . lzIff pgsf] cfly{s ¿k ;] ;an agfo] uf cf} / ox ;antf pgd] + cfTd ljZjf; k} bf s/ ] uL . O;lnP d} + tf] sxtL x"F ls o] cf/ If0f au} / x s'5 gxL+ rflxP, ox xd] + cf} / sdhf] / s/ / xf x} . xd ls;L eL aft d] + sd gxL+ a; ;f/ f Wofg dlxnfcf] + sf] lzlIft agfg] d] + nufgf x} , l: ylt d] + ;'wf/ cfo] uL xL .



d} + tf] : jf: Yo s] lx;fa ;] Hofbf aft s?+uL . kxn] ;] dlxnf sL : jf: Yo s] cj: yf d] + ;'wf/ cfof x} . jx ckg] : jf: Yo s] k|lt hfu?s x'O{ x} cf} / kl/ jf/ eL dlxnf : jf: Yo s] k|lt ;+j] bgzLn xf] g] nuf x} . Ps pbfx/ 0f b] tL x"F– ca dlxnf ue{jtL xf] g] s] afb cs] n] Sof] + g xf] lgoldt r] s ck s] lnP cfg] nuL x} . bf] bzs kxn] sL t'ngf d] + tf] ox ax't a8f kl/ jt{g x} . cu/ cj;/ of / f] huf/ If] q sL aft s/ ] + tf] p;d] + eL kxn] sL t'ngf d] + ax't kl/ jt{g cfof x} . jx x/ If] q d] + wL/ ] wL/ ] cfu] cf / xL x} . n] lsg ox kof{Kt gxL+ . O; kl/ jt{g sf] zx/ ts xL gxL+ alNs ufFj ufFj ts kxF'rfgf xf] uf . O;s] lnP ;dfh s] ;f] r d] + kl/ jt{g cfjZos x} . ;f] r sf dtna l;km{ k'?if sf] gxL+, dlxnf sf] : jo+ b";/ ] dlxnf sf] ;Ddfg s/ g] cfbt agfgL xf] uL . lzIff cf} / p;d] + eL : jf: Yo lzIff ax't xL cfjZos x} . ox ;eL dlxnfcf] + sf] b] gf xf] uf . cf} / p;s] afb aft cftL x} x/ If] q d] + cj;/ sf tf] O;s] lnP ;/ sf/ sf] : ki6 gLlt agfgL xf] uL . ta hfs] xdf/ ] b] z sL dlxnf eL b] z s] ljsf; d] + a/ fa/ L ¿k ;] ;xefuL xf] ;s] +u] + . hxfF ts lje] b sL aft sL hfo tf] jx tf] O; k] zf d] + eL x} . n] lsg cfkd] + 1fg xf] , cfTd ljZjf; xf] tf] sf] O p;] cj;/ ;] al~rt gxL+ s/ kfo] uf ..

Og/ ljn Snj ljZjJofkL

¿k d] + dlxnfcf] + s] xs–clwsf/ s]

lnP u7g x'O{ ;+;f/ sL Ps ax't a8ÞL ;+: yf x} . ox ;+: yf ;+;f/ s] !)# ;] Hofbf / fi6«f] + d] + #^(! Snj s] !^* lhnf] + d] km} nL x'O{ x} . ox ;+: yf Ps nfv ;] Hofbf ;lqmo ;b: of] + s] dfWod ;] ljkGg afnaflnsf, dlxnf tyf h] i7 gful/ s sL ;] jf s/ tL x} . ox ;+: yf ;b: of] + s] aLr ldqtf k|a4{g, k|To] s ;b: o s] ;] jf;DaGwL tf} / tl/ sf cf} /

cGt/ fi6«Lo ;dembf/ L sf k|a4{g s/ gf O; ;+: yf sf p2] Zo x} . O;L ;+: yf s] dn] l;of 8] k'6L g] zgn l/ k|] h] G6] l6e l;df] g ljkg{ g] sxf, dlxnfP+ ;eL If] qf] + d+] x+} , ckgL of] Uotf ;] ;eL kbf] + d] cf;Lg x+} . jt{dfg ;do d] + k'?if cf} / : qL s] aLr ax't ;dfgtf x} . sf] O{ ls;L ;] sd gxL+ x} . rfx] / fi6« xf] of 3/ , ;eL hux k/ dlxnfP+ ckgL kx"Fr agf r'sL x+} . dlxnf sf] cfu] nfg] s] lnP lzIff cf} / hgr] tgf k/ hf] 8Þ b] gf h¿/ L x} . hats dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sf] Ps lsl;d sf k|f] T;fxgd'ns sf] ;{ gxL+ lbof hfPuf tats pgsL cj: yf d] + kl/ jt{g gxL+ cf ;stf . ckg] 3/ f] + d] 7Ls 9+u ;] Dofg] h s/ g] s] lnP j] ha ;Ifd xf] uL+ ta afx/ eL ;Ifd xf] ;stL x} + .

8f= lbJof l;+x zfxg] k|mf] nlh: 6 PG8 / ] gn 6«fG;KnfG6l;df] g ljk{g

l8k'6L g]zgn l/lk|h]G6]l6e, dn]l;ofOg/ x\jLn



Ps s8Þjf ;r ox eLx/ jif{ a8Þ] tfdemfd s] ;fy * dfr{ sf] dgfof hftf x} – cGt/ / fi6«Lo dlxnf lbj; . sfo{qmd xf] t] x} +, efif0f xf] t] x} +

cf} / dlxnfPF ox ;f] rs/ uf} / jflGjt xf] tL x} + ls jif{ s] #^% lbgf] + d] + ;] Ps lbg pgs] lnP ;'/ lIft x} . b";/ ] b] zf] + sL aft hfg] b] + xd l;km{ g] kfn sL aft] + s/ ] + tf] ;f] r] + ls lstgL dlxnfPF x} + hf] ox hfgtL x} + ls jif{ sf Ps lbg pgs] gfd ;] ;'/ lIft x} , of p;sL dxQf Sof x} < pgs] clwsf/ Sof x} + cf} / Ps zAb hf] cToGt hf] / zf] / ;] pe/ s/ ;fdg] cfof x} …gf/ L ;zlSts/ 0fÚ jf] Sof x} < ;du| d] + tf] gxL+ k/ Gt' lgDg cfn] v d] + Ps lgbz{g h¿/ k|: t't s/ g] sL sf] lzz sL uO{ x} s'5 lhnf] + d] + x'O{ ljut sL 36gfcf] + s] kl/ b[Zo d] + hf] b] z s] cGo efuf] + sL t: jL/ eL h¿/ ;fdg] nftf x} . ljleGg lhnf d]+ /x] lxdflngL s] ;+jfbbftfcf] + sL Ps l/ kf] 6{ tyf ljZn]if0f–

sa ts lh+bf hn] +uL dlxnfP+ <ljgo bLlIft÷g]kfnu+h ;Djfbbftf

ckg] kl/ jf/ sf] k|ult sL cf] / a9Þfgf rfxtL yL afFs] nId0fk'/ sL l/ xfgf vfF . n] lsg zfbL s] @ ;fn eL gxL+ x'P y] , l/ xfgf ox ;dem kftL ls kfl/ jfl/ s lhDd] bf/ L Sof x} , O;;] kxn] xL p;] cfu sf lzsf/ xf] gf k8Þf . lh;s] ;fy klt & hGd ts ;fy lgefg] sf jfbf s/ tf x} , n] lsg Sof jhx x} ls p;L dlxnf sL jx hfg n] g] k/ t'n hftf x} , cf} / seL tf] p;L sf] kfg] s] lnP hfg b] g] k/ eL cfdfbf / xtf x} <

@& clZjg @)&), lhn] d] + Ps xL lbg d] + x'O{ cfuhgL sL bf] 36gfcf] + g] ;f/ ] ;dfh sf] zd{;f/ s/ lbof . lhn] s] OGb|k'/ ( dfgk'/ sL !( jifL{of dlxnf cf} / sf/ sf+bf} @ e'hO{ ufFjsL #) aifL{of dlxnf sf] Ps xL lbg hnfg] sf jf/ bft ;fdg] cfof . k"hfb] jL 7fs'/ tyf sf/ sf+bf] sL x] ds'df/ L wf] aL sf] pgs] kl/ jf/ s] ;b: of] + g] xL ldns/ hnfof . 36gf s] afb k'ln; x/ st d] + cfoL cf} / 7fs'/ s] klt kjg 7fs'/ , ;;'/ / fh' 7fs'/ cf} / h] 7 / d] z 7fs'/ sf] lu/ km\tf/ lsof uof tyf x] ds'df/ L wf] jL s] klt udaxfb'/ wf] jL sf] eL lu/ km\tf/ lsof yf . lhn] s] k/ ;k'/ , h} ;k'/ tyf / fKtLkf/ If] q d] + cnu–cnu : yfgf] + k/ P] ;L 36gfPF xf] tL / xL cf} / ox tYof+s jif{ e/ d] + & kx'Fr uof .

@@ h] i7 )&! d] + k/ ;k'/ uflj; lgjf;L ;z: q k'ln; kl/ r/ dgf] h afNdLls g] ckgL kTgL cd[tf afNdLls sf] hnfg] sf k|of; lsof . : yfgLo nf] uf] + sL ;lqmotf d] + a] xf] z cj: yf d] + afNdLls sf] c: ktfn kx'Frfof uof . @)&) ;fn d] + lhn] d] + & 36gfPF cfuhgL sL x'O{, s'5 gP ;DaGw y]

tf] s'5 P] ;] lhg s] aRrf] + sL eL zfbL xf] r'sL yL . afFs] lx/ ldlgof lgjf;L l/ xfgf sL zfbL nId0fk'/ ufla; d] + @ ;fn kxn] a8Þ] w"dwfd s] ;fy x'O{, ;DaGw ;'dw'/ yf . klt jf ;f; ;;'/ ;] eL aft a/ fa/ hdtL yL n] lsg, zfbL s] lbg aLtt] uP cf} / lkm/ z'? x'cf lx;fa lstfa sf lbg . l/ xfgf s] lktf g] bfdfb sf] df] 6/ ;fOsn b] g] sL aft sL yL, n] lsg zfbL s] @ ;fn afb ts ha dfFu k"/ L gxL+ x'O{ tf] l/ xfgf s] ckg] sx] hfg] jfn] ;f; ;;'/ cf} / klt ;] wdsL ldng] nuL . 36gf # r} q )&) sL x} , l/ xfgf / f] h sL t/ x tgfj e/ L / ft d] + ;f] / xL yL, / ft d] + crfgs la: t/ k/ kfgL sL t/ x s'5 dx;"; x'cf cf} / crfgs cfu nu uO{ . l/ xfgf hntL cf} / t8ÞktL / xL ;f; ;;'/ cf} / klt tLgf] + v8Þ] b] vt] / x] , / ft sf ;do xf] g] s] sf/ 0f df] xNn] s] nf] uf] + sf] s'5 eL egs gxL+ nuL cf} / / ft d] + xL l/ xfgf s] klt g] pkrf/ s/ fg] s] axfg] p;] ef/ t ax/ fOr l: yt c: ktfn kx'Frfof .

ls;L t/ Ls] ;] l/ xfgf s] dfos] d] + va/ kx'FrL cf} / p;s] lktf tyf efO{ ax/ fOr

c: ktfn kx'Fr] cf} / pkrf/ s/ fg] s] lnP l/ xfgf sf] ax/ fOr ;] g] kfnuGh nfP, hxfF kx'Frg] s] afb lrlsT;sf] + g] k'ln; sf] hfgsf/ L bL cf} / k'ln; g] dLl8of sf] . g] kfnuGh d] + eL pkrf/ ;Dej g xf] g] s] sf/ 0f u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+3 ;+: yfcf] + s] ;xof] u ;] l/ xfgf sf] sf7df+8" kx'Frfof uof, hxfF # dxLg] pkrf/ s] afb ca l/ xfgf rng] sf k|of; s/ / xL x} . l/ xfgf g] atfof ls p;] gO{ lhGbuL ldnL x} . 36gf d] + ;+nUg kl/ jf/ s] ;eL ;b: o km/ f/ xf] s/ ef/ tLo If] q d] + / xt] x} + . k'ln; tnfz d] + x} n] lsg ! jif{ ;] pGx] lu/ km\t d] + gxL+ n] ;sL x} . l/ xfgf sL t/ x afFs] ho;k'/ sf dfdnf ;fdg] cfof, hxfF dlxnf s] ;fy p;s] aRrf] + sf] eL hnfg] sf k|of; lsof uof . tL;/ L 36gf e'hO{ufFj cf} / rf} yL sf/ sfFbf] d] + ;fdg] cfO{ . O;L qmd d] + lhn] d] + Ps ;fn d] + & 36gfPF cfuhgL sL x'O{ cf} / ;fy xL hn uO{ dlxnf clwsf/ sL aft] + eL . 3/ ] n" lx+;f sf eL ¿k sfkmL eo+s/ x} .

bb{ d] + u'h/ t] lbg ckgL ;d: of xd cfk ;] Sof] + sx] + <



Sof cfk s'5 ;dfwfg s/ ] +u] < @ lbgf] + ;] sfuh s] 6's8] Þ hnfs/ l;km{ lvr8ÞL ksf / xL+ x"F 5f] 6] efO{–axgf] + s] lnP, ax't nf] uf] g] + xdf/ L ;d: of k/ aftlrt sL, n] lsg Sof kmfobf < efj'stf ;] e/ ] !@ jifL{of Ps n8ÞsL g] lxdflngL ;] cfkaLtL ;'gfO{, p;g] sxf dfF g] untL sL yL tf] ;hf eL l;km{ pGx] + xL ldngL rlxP, xd] + ;hf Sof] + <

s/ La # dxLg] kxn] sL 36gf x} , ckg] k|] dL ;'/ ] Gb| z'Snf sf] cfu nufg] s] h'd{ d] + g] kfnuGh & lgjf;L dlxnf gLnd ;f] gL h] n d] + x} + . gLnd s] klt sL dfgl;s l: ylt 7Ls g xf] g] s] sf/ 0f lk5n] & jiff] +{ ;] gLnd aRrf] + s] ;fy cs] n] / xtL yL, pgsL k/ jl/ z sL cs] nL lhDd] jf/ L yL gLnd k/ . ef/ tLo If] q ¿kO{l8xf ;] t: s/ L s/ gf cf} / aRrf] + sf k] 6 e/ gf gLnd sL dha"/ L yL . zx/ d] + xf] g] s] afb eL gLnd d] + zx/ Lkg sf gfdf] lgzfg gxL+ yf, 3/ d] + g tf] lahnL cf} / g xL u} ;, lkm/ afFsL ;'v ;'ljwfcf] + s] af/ ] d] + ;f] rf eL s} ;] hf ;stf x} . k'?if k/ cfu nufg] s] cleof] u d] + gLnd sf] k'ln; g] lx/ f;t d] + lnof cf} / jxL+ ;] z'? x'O{ ;d: of .

gLnd ;] ha lxdflngL g] sf/ fuf/ sfof{no g] kfnuGh d] + aftrLt sL tf] p;s] cfF;" gxL+ yd / x] y] . gLnd g] sxf d'em k/ hf] cf/ f] k nuf, jx a8ÞL ;d: of gxL+ x} n] lsg d] / ] aRrf] + sf Sof xfn x} , O;sL va/ ls;L g] gxL+ nL . g] kfnuGh d] + gLnd s] %) ;] clws l/ Zt] bf/ x} +, n] lsg ls;L g] gLnd sL ;xfotf gxL+ sL .

5f] 6] aRr] s} ;] hL / x] x} +, l;km{ O;sL lrGtf x} gLnd sf] . c: j: ytf s] afjh"b gLnd g] af] ng] sf k|of; lsof cf} / sxf– aRrf] + sf] sxL+ ;] vfg] sL Aoj: yf s/ jf bLlhPuf . gLnd sL O; bb{ e/ L bf: tfg dfgjtf sf] r'gf} tL b] tL x} . sxfF x} ;dfh cf} / sxfF x} + ;dfh s] 7] s] bf/ < p;s] lnP gf tf] sf] O{ PghLcf] x} cf} / gf sf] O{ dfgj clwsf/ jfbL . gLnd lstgL bf] ifL yL ox aft ;xL t/ Ls] ;] ;fljt eL gxL+ x'O{ yL, n] lsg k'ln; g] tTsfn ;d: of ;dfwfg s/ g] s] axfg] p;] af/ LsL ;] cg';Gwfg lsP lagf xL h] n rnfg s/ lbof . gLnd sf ^ jifL{o k'q / f] lxt sf/ fuf/ d] + gLnd s] ;fy xL / xtf x} . gLnd sL # n8ÞlsofF k"hf ;f] gL, cf/ tL ;f] gL cf} / dw' ;f] gL g] 36gf s] !) lbg ts xdbbL{ htfO{ n] lsg cflv/ sf/ pGx] + eL ckgL ;;'/ fn sL lhDd] bf/ L s] sf/ 0f jfk; hfgf

k8Þf . gLnd sf b";/ f !@ jifL{o k'q / fx'n sIff ^ d] + cWoog s/ tf x} . gLnd s] h] n hfg] s] afb ;] jx ;8Þsf] + k/ e6s / xf x} . ls;sf] Gofo ldnf cf} / ls;sf] gxL+, ox afb d] + ;f] rg] sL aft yL n] lsg ox ;jfn tf] v8Þf xf] tf x} ls aRrf] + g] Sof u'gfx lsof yf <

xfn xL d] + sflt{s @% ut] x'O{ O; 36gf g] sO{ clwsf/ sld{of] + s] k|of; cf} / sfd k/ ;] kbf{ p7f lbof . dlxnf clwsf/ sL b'xfO{ b] g] jfn] nf] u eL sxL+ gh/ gxL+ cfP . dlxnf afnaflnsf sfof{no afFs] sL k|d'v k|ef >] i7 g] sxf aRrf+] s] af/ ] d] + xdf/ ] kf; sf] O{ hfgsf/ L gxL+ x} .

P] ;] xf] ;stf x} ;dfwfghxfF Ps cf] / ljjfbf: kb ax; xf] tL

x} ls dlxnf clwsf/ sdL{ lx+;f s] ;dfwfg s] gfd k/ kl/ jf/ sf] cnu–ynu s/ / x] x} + jxL+ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no afFs] sL kmf] sn k;{g ljGb' s'Fj/ g] kl/ jf/ sf] cnu s/ g] sf] lx+;f s] lvnfkm unt k|of] u atfof x} . klt ;] tfnd] n gxL+ ldnf, ljjfb xf] uof, sk8] Þ cf} / uxg] gxL+ ldn] cflb 5f] 6] sf/ 0f lbvfs/ dlxnfPF sfg"g sL e/ k"/ kmfobf n] tL x} + .

;fdfGo ljjfb sL l: ylt sf] n] s/ clwsfFz dlxnfPF ;DaGw ljR5] b ts kx'Fr hftL x} +, dlxnf clwsf/ sdL{ sF'Fj/ g] atfof ls seL tfnL Ps xfy ;] gxL+ ahtL x} , dlxnf s] PsL kIfLo lgj] bg s] cfwf/ k/ sf/ jfxL a9Þfgf dfgj clwsf/ s] lgodf] + s] lvnfkm xf] g] sL aft atft] x'P s'Fj/ g] sxf– ;dfwfg aftrLt ;] eL lsof hf ;stf x} .

vf;s/ d'l: nd ;d'bfo sL dlxnfPF tnfs k|yf ;] kLl8Þt x} + . s'Fj/ g] lxdflngL ;] aftrLt d] + sxf– d'l: nd dlxnfcf] + sf] d'Nnf cf} / df] nlaof] + s] bfo/ ] ;] afx/ cfg] sL h¿/ t x} . If] qLo dfgj clwsf/ cfof] u g] kfnuGh s] k|d'v d'/ f/ L v/ ] n g] lx+;f sL 36gf d] + uf] kgLotf sf] eL dxTj s] ;fy b] v] hfg] sL aft sxL . lx+;f ;] kLl8Þt dlxnf sL tnfz Gofo s] lnP h¿/ L xf] tL x} n] lsg sO{ af/ uf] kgLotf e+u xf] g] s] sf/ 0f xL dlxnf sf 3/ kl/ jf/ ;fy 5f] 8Þ b] tf x} . lx+;f sf] ;xg s/ gf eL lx+;f sf] a9Þfjf b] g] h} ;f x} , lxdflngL ;] aftrLt d] + v/ ] n g] sxf dlxnfcf] + k/ xf] g] jfn] x/ k|sf/ s] e] befj lx+;f s] xL ¿k x} + . Gofo s] lnP dlxnfcf] + sf] hfu?s cf} / ;an xf] gf k8Þ] uf . lll

– ho/ fd ofbj, df] / +u ;Djbfbftf

g] kfn s] sfg"g d] + eL dlxnf lj?4 xf] g] jfnL lx+;f, e] befj pGd"ng, k'?iff] + sL xL t/ x dlxnfcf] + s] lnP eL dfgj clwsf/ , tyf : jtGqtf sf k|of] u tyf pkef] u sf clwsf/ , pgsf k"0f{ ljsf; cf} / pGglt xf] Og aftf] + sL rrf{ sL uO{ x} . ox dfgf uof x} ls ln+u s] cfwf/ d] + ls;L eL k|sf/ sf e] befj gxL+ xf] gf rflxP . ox sfo{ cu/ xf] tf x} tf] ljZjJofkL ¿k d] + ox dfgf uof x} ls ox b08gLo x} . O;s] afjh"b g] kfn d] +, oxfF s] ;dfh d] + vf;s/ / fhgLlts ;xeflutf cf} / cGo If] qf] + d] + c;dfgtf ljBdfg x} . dlxnfcf] + k/ cfh eL cTofrf/ xf] xL / x] x} + . O; l: ylt sf] ;[lht s/ g] d] + wd{, ;+: s[lt k/ Dk/ f cf} / dfgj sL ;f] r eL lhDd] bf/ x} + .

;dfg kfl/ >lds ;DaGwL g+= !)) d] + ;dfg d"No s] sfo{ s] lnP k'?if cf} / dlxnf bf] gf] + sf] ;dfg kfl/ >lds b] g] sL Joj: yf x} . ox dfgj clwsf/ s] cGtu{t k8Þg] jfnf ljifo x} . oBlk g] kfn d] + s[lif, vfg, s[lif k|zf] wg tyf ld§L k/ cfwfl/ t pBf] uf] + d] + Pj+ sRr] kbfy{ s] ;fdu|L ;+sng s] If] q d] + ;dfg ¿k ;] sfd s/ g] s] afjh"b kfl/ >lds d] + c;dfgtf kfO{ hftL x} . cgf} krfl/ s If] q d] + sfd s/ g] jfnL dlxnfcf] + s] kfl/ >lds d] + eL ox e] b kfof hftf x} . O; k/ ;/ sf/ åf/ f Wofg b] g] sL cfjZostf x} cf} / s8Þ] sfg"g agfs/ b08 b] g] sL Joj: yf eL s/ g] sL cfjZostf x} .

g] kfn s] k|d'v lhnf df] / +u s] ;b/ d'sfd lj/ f6gu/ d] + O; cJoj: yf s] k|lt sO{ ;/ sf/ L cf} / u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yfPF sfd s/ / xL x} + . lsGt' ;do–;do k/ dlxnf lx+;f h} ;L 36gfPF xf] xL / xL x} + . O; If] q s] cGt/ kf6L{ dlxnf ;+hfn sL cWoIf ;lbgf vft"g cf} / dlxnf zflGt, cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; s] Gb| -jk/ 8] s_ s] ;efklt ;] aftrLt s/ g] s] qmd d] + eL oxL ;fdg] cfof ls df] / +u d] + dlxnf 3/ ] n" lx+;f, bx] h, ax'ljjfx, a] l6of] + sL laqmL, anfTsf/ , a] 6f kfg] sL rfxt d] + xTof cflb ljleGg k|sf/ sL 36gfPF xf] / xL x} + . r] tgf sf k|rf/ k|;f/ lsP hfg] s] afjh"b eL l: ylt d] + ck] If0fLo ;'wf/ gxL+ xf] / x] x} + cf} / O;s] d"n d] + sxL+ gf sxL+ ;/ sf/ sL gLlt cf} / clzIff tyf u/ LaL x} . lll

dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ ;] j+lrt g / x]



…xO{ eut== tf] x/ a] 6f d/ n glx xf} , cf] s/ f df/ n u] n xf} . tf] / f 3/ s] k5'jfl/ Pd] 8fOg xp . xO{ eut==== tf] / f cf] s/ f; slxof] 6] gfd] gL e] n 5nf} . pm tf] / f ;flw b] nsf} . tf] / f a] 6f s] hfb' dGt/ s˜ dfl/ b] nsf} . x} eut === sxt cf] s/ f xd g+u] gfr grf lbof} <.Ú

…glx dx/ fh . cf] s/ fn] n xd ckg] sfkmL 5L . vfnL cf] s/ gfd sx'F . pm xd/ d'O{n aRrfs] hfwl/ lhofPt glx tfwl/ cf] s/ f lhoP glx b] a} .Ú

ox 36gf wg'iff lhnf cGtu{t Ps ;'b"/ uf+j sL x} . @)&! ;fn cflZjg @@ ut] ufFj s] s'5 nf] u cf} / wfdL -eutf_ d/ ] x'P aRr] sf] n] s/ cfP cf} / ddtf b] jL -kl/ jlt{t gfd_ sL uf] b d] + / v s/ af] n] …t" g] xL dGq l;4L s] lnP O; aRrf sf] df/ f x} . cu/ t"g] O; aRrf sf] lhGbf gxL+ lsof tf] t'Dx] eL hLg] sf clwsf/ gxL+ x} .Ú

b";/ L t/ km wfdL eL b'uf{, sfnL, aGgL, dL/ f sL b''xfO{ -;fIfL_ / vt] x'P cIft -rfjn_ cf} / km"n sL jiff{ a] rf/ L ddtf s] z/ L/ k/ s/ tf / xf . a] rf/ L eoeLt yL . ddtf 8/ s] df/ ] lans'n y/ y/ sfFk / xL yL . Ps dxLgf sf aRrf hf] lgdf] lgof ;] d/ f yf, jx s} ;] lhGbf xf] ;stf x} < ddtf s'5 gxL+ ;dem kf / xL yL . n] lsg ;dfh s] s'5 nf] uf] + g] 8fog sxs/ ddtf sf] dnd"q tf] lknfof xL ;fy d] + O; k|sf/ lk6fO{ sL ls c: ktfn d] + nfg] s] afb eL hLg] sL pDdLb ax't sd yL . ceL eL ox d'2f wg'iff lhnf cbfnt d] + rn / xf x} . b";/ L 36gf eL wg'iff sL xL x} . / +lhtf v8\sf hf] k9ÞL lnvL dlxnf x} + . pgsf aRrf aLdf/ k8Þf cf} / d/ uof n] lsg O;] 8fog g] df/ f x} ox sxs/ pGxf] g] df/ kL6 sL . lh;sf d'2f eL wg'iff lhnf cbfnt d] + rn / xf x} .

p;L k|sf/ !$ jif{ sL / ] vf dx/ f 3f; sf6g] s] lnP ha lgsnL tf] %) jif{ s] Ps a"9Þ] g] p;s] ;fy anfTsf/ lsof cf} / p;s] afb p;sL xTof s/ g] sf k|of; lsof . k/ Gt' / ] vf g] hf] / –hf] / ;] lrNnfgf z'? lsof . jf] efUozfnL / xL . zf] / z/ fjf ;'gs/ anfTsf/ L efu uof . Ps cf} / 36gf hf] s/ La bf] jif{ kxn] sL x} . ¿kf sL zfbL a8] Þ w"dwfd ;] sL uoL . zfbL d] + kfFr nfv ;] Hofbf vr{ x'cf yf . n] lsg bx] h d] + 6] lnlehg gxL+ b] g]

k/ p;sf klt cf} / ;f; ;;'/ ;ag] ldns/ ¿kf sL xTof s/ bL . dlxnf clwsf/ jfbL, dfgj clwsf/ jfbL ;ag] hf] / zf] / ;] cfGbf] ng lsof . cfGbf] ng s] 8/ ;] ¿kf s] ;;'/ fnjfn] efus/ ef/ t rn] uo] . cfh ts ck/ fwL nf] u sfg"g sL lu/ km\t d+] gxL+ cfo] x+} . ¿kf sL cfTdf Gofo s] lnP ceL eL t8Þk / xL x} .

Ps P] ;L 36gf x} , hf] ;eL sf] emsemf] / b] g] jfnL x} . s'5 jif{ kxn] sL aft x} . dx] Gb| ckg] kl/ jf/ sf] v'z / vg] s] lnP j} b] lzs / f] huf/ L d] + b'aO{ uof . cR5L gf} s/ L ldng] k/ k} ;f eL v"a sdfof . tLg ;fn s] afb 3/ nf} 6f cf} / Ps dxLgf kl/ jf/ s] ;fy latfs/ lkm/ jfk; rnf uof . ha b";/ L af/ 3/ cfof tf] g tf] p;sL aLaL / xL cf} / g xL hf] sdfof yf jx ;Dklt . x'cf o+" ls Ps cR5f vf;f n8Þsf -/ lj_ dx] Gb| sL kTgL nlnof b] jL s] k|] dhfn d] + kmF; uof . nlnof g] ha / lj s] ;fy ljjfx sf k|: tfj / vf tf] p;g] sxf–zfbL tf] cfh g sn s/ gf xL x} . p;;] kxn] t'Dxf/ L hf] ;DklQ x} , p;] a] rs/ b";/ L hux n] n] t] x+} . t'Dxf/ ] gfd k/ cu/ ;Dklt / xL tf] dx] Gb| -nlnof sf klt_ d'2f d'sbdf s/ jfk; n] ;stf x} . ox ;DklQ xdf/ ] gfd k/ s/ bf] . lkm/ zfbL s] afb tf] xdf/ L xL xf] uL . ;LwL ;fwL nlnof g] eL jxL lsof, hf] / lj rfxtf yf . jxfF sL ;DklQ a] rs/ cf} / k} ;f ldnfs/ / lj s] gfd k/ hux xL gxL+ lnof 3/ eL agfof . p;d] + / lj g] ef8Þf

n] s/ / xg] sf gf6s lsof . bf] ;fn s] afb / lj s] lktf g] p;sL zfbL b";/ L hux s/ bL cf} / nlnof s] pmk/ lhnf k|zf;g sfof{no d] + d'2f bfo/ lsof ls jx xdf/ f 3/ vfnL gxL+ s/ / xL x} . jx d'2f eL hLt uof . p;s] afb nlnof sxfF uoL ktf gxL+ .

s'5 xL lbg kxn] sL 36gf x} . Ps dlxnf cf} / Ps k'?if g] cGt/ hftLo ljjfx lsof . bf] gf] + sf k|] d ax't kxn] ;] rn / xf yf . ljjfx s] bf] dxLg] eL gxL+ aLt] ls ;fdflhs bafj s] sf/ 0f bf] gf] + sf] cnu xf] gf k8Þf . j} ;] dlxnf ;+hfn, dlxnf clwsf/ jfbL, dfgj clwsf/ jfbL ;eL g] k|] ; sf‘Gk|m] G; eL lsof . / fhgLlts bafj s] sf/ 0f lhnf k|x/ L sfof{no d] + d'2f eL btf{ gxL+ xf] / xf yf . s'5 lbgf+] s] afb ktf rnf ls n8ÞsL kIf sdhf] / xf] g] s] sf/ 0f ?= kfFr nfv n] s/ d'2f sf] / kmfbkmf s/ lbof uof .

P] ;L 36gfPF t/ fO{ s] lhn] d] + sf] O{ gO{ gxL+ x} . ceL eL clzlIft ;dfh d] + dlxnf sf] 8fog sxs/ dnd"q lknft] x} +, s] z sf6s/ ufFj d] + 3'dft] x+} , df/ df/ s/ xTof s/ b] t] x} + . 3/ ;] lgsfns/ levf/ L ;] eL abt/ hLjg hLg] sf] a] j; s/ b] t] x} . anfTsf/ , of} g zf] if0f, xTof, bx] h gxL+ b] g] k/ zf/ Ll/ s oftgf h} ;L 36gfPF en] xL dLl8of d] + cfg] s] afb s'5 sd x'O{ x} , n] lsg dlxnf lx+;f ceL eL ?sL gxL+ x} . b} lgs ls;L g ls;L kq–klqsf d] + anfTsf/ , of} g zf] if0f, ;DaGw–ljR5] b, xTof, cfTdxTof, bx] h gxL+ b] g] ] k/

s}nfz bf;÷ hgsk'/ ;Djfbbftf s'/ Lltof] + sL lzsf/ dlxnf



tf] dlxnf lx+;f k/ nufd gxL+ nu / xf . sf] lzzf] + s] afjh"b l: ylt d] + ;'wf/ j} ;f gxL+ xf] / xf h} ;L xd pDdLb s/ t] x} + cf} / O;s] d"n d] + clzIff, u/ LaL, nfnr cf} / s'/ LltofF xL x} . lh;sL k'li6 dlxnf lx+;f ;] ;DalGwt lgDg cfFs8Þ] s/ t] x} +–

dlxnf clwsf/ s] If] q d] + sfo{ s/ t] cf / x] cf] / ] s wg'iff g] Ps tYof+s ;fj{hlgs lsof x} , lh;d] + 3/ ] n' lx+;f !( 3/ ] n" lx+;f d] + & klt s] åf/ f cf} / kl/ jf/ s] ;b: of] + åf/ f !@ lx+;f d] + x'O{ x} + . p;L k|sf/ ( 36gfPF P] ;L x} +, lh;d] + 8fog s] cf/ f] k d] + ;dfh s] JolQmof] + åf/ f dlxnfcf] + sf] zf/ Ll/ s oftgf bL uO{ x} . ha/ b: tL anfTsf/ sL ;+Vof !) x} lhgd] + kl/ jf/ sf ;b: o åf/ f $ cf} / ;dfh s] JolQm åf/ f ^ x} . ;DaGw ljR5] b sL ;+Vof % x} . ;dfh s] JolQm åf/ f n8Þlsof] + sf] a] rg] sL ;+Vof &, of} g b'Jo{jxf/ !@, df/ kL6 ^ x} + . cf/ ] s wg'iff sL cWoIf / ] vf bQ g] @)&) ;fn sL ph'/ L s] cfwf/ k/ ox tYof+s ;fj{hlgs lsof yf .

dlxnf lx+;f d] + j[l4 sf sf/ 0f P] ;f Ps eL lbg gxL+ xf] uf lh; lbg

kqklqsf d] + anfTsf/ , of} g zf] if0f, ;DaGw ljR5] b, dfgl;s oftgf zLif{s sf ;dfrf/ k|sflzt gxL+ x'cf xf] . hals kxn] s] cg'kft d] + dlxnf clwsf/ jfbL, dfgj clwsf/ , k'ln; k|zf;g s] k|of; s] rnt] hgr] tgf a9ÞL x} . Ps cf] / dlxnf s] pmk/ lx+;f / f] sg]

sf cleofg rnfof hf / xf x} tf] b";/ L cf] / dlxnf lx+;f d] + tLj| ¿k d] + j[l4 xf] tL hf / xL x} . a'l4hLljof+] sf dfggf x} ls, cfw'lgs k|ljlw s] sf/ 0f dlxnf lx+;f d+] u'0ffTds j[l4 x'O{ x} . ;eL s] 3/ d] + 6] nLlehg x} . 6] nLlehg d] + k|;fl/ t xf] / x] pQ] hs sfo{qmd, OG6/ g] 6 d] + cZnLn zAb, lrq tyf cZnLn rnlrq b] vg] ;] eL anfTsf/ h} ;L lx+;fTds 36gfPF a9Þ / xL x} + . b";/ L aft, n8ÞsL xf] of dlxnf cË k|bz{g kxn] ;] Hofbf s/ tL x} + . ls;L eL ;df/ f] x d] + pQ] hs kf] zfs nufgf Ps km} zg ag r'sf x} .

dlxnf clwsf/ sdL{ / ] vf bQ dfgtL x} + ls dlxnf lx+;f sf d'Vo sf/ 0f k/ Dk/ fjfbL ;f] r x} . kxn] s] cg'kft d] + nf] uf] + d] + hgr] tgf cfO{ x} , nf] u lzlIft x'P x+} lkm/ eL k/ Dk/ fjfbL ;f] r s] sf/ 0f dlxnf lx+;f d] + sdL gxL+ cfoL x} . ox s] jn k'?iff] + d] + gxL+ dlxnfcf] + d] + eL x} . k'?if lx+;f s/ t] x} + cf} / dlxnf r'krfk ;x n] tL x} . clwsf/ sL aft eL s/ ] + tf] jx cfu] cfg] ;] st/ ftL x} . ceL eL dlxnf eo–qf; d] + hLjg JotLt s/ / xL x} . dlxnf lx+;f lgoGq0f s] lnP sfg"g eL x} , n] lsg sfg"g sf ;xL sfo{Gjog gxL+ xf] / xf x} . bQ sxtL x} + ls dlxnf lx+;f sL ph'/ L lhnf k|x/ L sfof{no d] + bh{ s/ g] hftL x"F tf] k|zf;g bh{ s/ g] ;] O+sf/ s/ t] x} . Hofbf bafj k8Þg] k/ d'2f bh{ tf] xf] tf x} k/ Gt' / fhgLlts bafj Pj+ cf/ f] lkof] + sf] k|fKt / fhgLlts ;+/ If0f s] sf/ 0f Gofo ldngf b'n{e xf] hftf x} .

;Eotf s] k|f/ De ;] xL cfo{ ;dfh d+] dlxnf sf] >] i7 : yfg k|fKt yf . hf] sfd k'?if gxL+ s/ kft] y] , p;s] lnP dlxnfPF cfu] cftL yL+ . eujtL sf] dlxiff;'/ dlb{gL sxg] sf tfTko{ eL tf] oxL x} . b] jtfcf] + sf] k/ flht s/ ljZjljh] tf agg] sL / fx k/ cu|;/ dlxiff;'/ sf jw Ps dlxnf g] xL lsof yf . dg': d[lt d] + lnvf x} – oq gfo{: t' k"HoGt] , / dGt] tq b] jtfMÚ cyf{t\ lh; ;dfh d+] gf/ L sL k"hf sL hftL x} + jxfF b] jtfu0f lgjf; s/ t] x+} . xd hfgt] x} + ls / fdfo0fsfn d+] ;Ltf sf] j/ 0f s/ g] s] lnP, b] z–ljb] z s] / fhf cf} / / fhs'df/ k/ LIff b] g] cfP y] . r"Fls O; wg'if k/ LIff d+] / fd pQL0f{ x'P, O;LlnP ;Ltf sf] j/ 0f s/ kfP . hxfF jw" k|fKt s/ g] s] lnP, k'?if sf] k/ LIff b] gf xf] tf yf, cfh p;L ;dfh d] + bx] h sf ;jfn p7tf x} . lh;s] sf/ 0f e|"0f xTofPF xf] / xL x} + . a] l6ofF cfFvf] + sf] vf] ng] ;] kxn] sfn–sjlnt xf] / xL x} + . O; l: ylt ;] xdf/ f ;dfh sa pa/ ] uf ktf gxL+ lsGt' O;s] lnP ca o'jf ju{ sf] xL cfu] cfg] sL cfjZostf x} . gO{ r] tgf xL gP o'u sf] nf ;stL x} . lll


oftgf, cGt/ hftLo ljjfx s] sf/ 0f ;fdflhs b08 ;hf a/ s/ f/ x} . j} ;] tf] hxfF k'?if k|wfg b] z x} , jxf dlxnf lx+;f b] vg] sf] ldntf xL x} . n] lsg dlxnf sdhf] / x} , P] ;f eL gxL+ sxf hf ;stf x} . jx s'n sL k/ Dk/ f sf] dof{bf / vg] s] lnP ;a s'5 ;xtL / xtL x} . jxL k'?if s'n, k/ Dk/ f, wd{, / Lltl/ jfh, gLlt lgod ;a s'5 e'n hft] x} + .

Ps cf] / dlxnf k'?if s] bL3f{o' s] lnP k"hf s/ tL x} , cf/ fwgf s/ tL x} . eujfg lzj sL k"hf O;lnP s/ tL x} ls lzj h} ;f xL j/ ldn] . s[i0f sL k"hf O; lnP s/ tL x} ls s[i0f h} ;L xL hf] 8ÞL ldn] . / fd sL k"hf O; lnP s/ tL x} ls k'?iff] Qd / fd h} ;f xL klt k/ fqmdL xf] .

b";/ L cf] / b'uf{ ejfgL sL k"hf eL s/ tL x} ls b'uf{ h} ;L xL zlQmzfnL ag"F . ;/ : jtL sL k"hf s/ tL x} ls 1fgL ag"F . nIdL sL k"hf s/ tL x} ls kl/ jf/ sf] wg ;Dklt, P] Zjo{ ldn] . : j: yfgL k"hf s/ tL x} ls dgf] sf+Iff k"/ L xf] .

ox ;a gf/ L s/ tL x} k/ ;dfh p;sL dxQf sf] gxL+ ;demtf cf} / p;sL l: ylt ;dfh d] + bogLo xf] hftL x} . teL

gful/ s nufgL sf] ifåf/ f ;~rflnt lgDg sfo{qmdx?df ;xefuL eO{ eljiosf] nflu art u/ f} + .

sd{rf/ L jrt j[l4 : jLs[t cjsfz sf] if, df ;xefuL eO{ art ubf{ kfOg] kmfObfx?M

l jflif{s & k|ltzt Jofh kfOg] ,l art u/ ] sf] @ jif{kl5 jrt / sdsf] *) k|ltzt

;fk6L lng kfOg] , l ;x'lnot Jofhb/ jflif{s !) k|ltztdf

lwtf] d"Nof+sgn] vfd] ;Ddsf] a9Ldf ?= @% nfv;Dd cfjfzshf{ ;'ljwf lng kfOg] .

l tnasf] PsltxfO{ / sddf cfos/ 5'6 ;'ljwf kfOg] , l tnasf] % b] lv ## k|ltzt;Dd / sd sf] if s§L ug{ kfOg] , l ;] jfaf6 cjsfz ePkl5 Psd'i7 / sd kfOg] , l h"g;'s} a} +ssf zfvf sfof{nox?af6 / sd hDdf ug{

;lsg] , l Jofn] G; ;l6{lkms] 6 lng ;lsg] . l b'3{6gfj; d[To' ePdf ?= ! nfv;Ddsf] b'3{6gf

aLdfsf] Joj: yf ePsf] .

gful/ s Psf+s of] hgf, @)%@ vl/ b ubf{ kfOg] kmfObfx?

l ;'/ lIft jrt, cfsif{s Jofhb/ df nufgL ug] { ;'gf} nf] cj;/

l cTolws t/ ntf sf] ;'ljwf ePsf] ,

l jflif{s * k|ltzt Jofh kfOg] ,

l h'g;'s} ;dodf vl/ b tyf ljqmL ug{ ;lsg] ,

l jrtsf] k|df0fkq kfOg] ,

l Jofn] G; ;l6{lks] 6 lng ;lsg] .

cfh} b] lv ;xefuL eO art ug] { afgL a;fnf} + .

gful/ s nufgL sf] ifgofF afg] Zj/ , sf7df8 Þf} + . kf] i6 aS; g+=M %*@#

kmf] g g+=M )!– $&*%&!(, )!–$&*%&@%, km\ofS;M )!– $&*%&!(O{–d] nM [email protected], j] e;fO6M www.nlk.org.np


cGt/ f{i6«Lo dlxnf lbj; nueu Ps ;f} kfFr aif{ k"j{ kxnL af/ dgfof uof yf . ha k"FhLjfb cf} / ;fd|fHojfb t] hL ;] ljsl;t xf] / x] y] cf} / nfvf] + dlxnfPF dhb"/ L s/ g] lgsn k8ÞL yL . dlxnfcf] + sf] k"FhLjfb g] d'St s/ fg] s] ahfo sf/ vfgf] + d] + u'nfd agfof pgs] kl/ jf/ f] + sf] c: t–Jo: t s/ lbof . pgk/ dlxnf dhb"/ cf} / u[x: yL xf] g] sf ax't/ kmf af] em 8Þfnf tyf pGx] + ckg] clwsf/ f] + ;] j+lrt lsof . dlxnf dhb"/ Psh"6 x'O{+ cf} / a8ÞL axfb'/ L tyf ;+sNk s] ;fy ;8Þsf] + k/ pt/ s/ ;+3if{ s/ g] nuL+ . O;L ;+3if{ cf} / s'af{gL sL k/ Dk/ f cGt/ f{i6«Lo dlxnf lbj; k/ dgfO{ hftL x} . cGt/ f{i6«Lo dlxnf lbj; x/ aif{ * dfr{ sf] ljZj e/ d] + dgfof hftf x} . O; lbg sf] ;Dk"0f{ ljZj sL dlxnfPF b] z, hftkft, efiff, / fhgLlts ;f+: s[lts e] befj ;] k/ ] Psh"6 xf] s/ dgftL x} . dlxnf lbj; k/ dlxnfcf] + s] k|] d, : g] x j dft[Tj s] ;fy xL zlQm;DkGg : qL sL d"lt{ ;fdg] cftL x} . @!jL+ ;bL sL gfl/ of] + g] : jo+ sL zlQm sf] kxrfg lnof x} cf} / sfkmL xb ts ckg] clwsf/ f] + s] lnP n8Þgf eL ;Lv lnof x} .

gf/ L sL gO{ ;x: qfAbL d] + ;j{bf Ps gO{ 5lj pe/ / xL x} . dlxnfPF+, lk5nL ;lbof] + d] + hf] a] l8Þof] + ;] hs8ÞL yL+, p;] tf] 8Þs/ cfh jx ckgL gO{ kxrfg agfg] d] + h'6L x} + . n] lsg b] vf hfo tf] cfh eL gf/ L cl: tTj s] c;+Vo k|Zg, dlxnf cfGbf] ngf] + cf} / hfu?stf s] afb eL ptg] xL u+eL/ cf} / lrGtfhgs x} + lhtg] ;lbof] + kxn] y] . pg k|Zgf] + s] r] x/ ] abn uP x} +, kl/ wfg abn uo] x} + n] lsg k|Zgf] sf d"n : j¿k cfh eL oyfjt\ x} . cflv/ sxfF ;] cfo] uf gf/ L ;] ;DalGwt ;d: ofcf] + sf ;d'lrt ;dfwfg . g anfTsf/ sd x'P x+} , g cTofrf/ , g xTofPF aGb x'O{ x} g lx+;f .

ckx/ 0f xf] of cfTdxTof, cfFs8Þ] nuftf/ a9Þ / x] x} + . cf} / k|zf;lgs lzlyntf ckgL a] a;L k/ v8ÞL xF; / xL x} . seL–seL nutf x} , dlxnfcf] + s] k|lt a9ÞtL ljs[ltof] + sf sf/ 0f k'?if ;] sxL clws jx ;fdflhs ;f] r x} , hf] hGd ;] n] s/ d[To' ts : qL k'?if sf] cnu–cnu lgodf] + d] + hs8Þ b] tL x} . k'?if seL b] v ;'g xL gxL kftf ls : qL s] eLt/ lstgf cf} / s} ;f bb{ l/ ;tf x} . efjgfTds j] bgf tf] b"/ sL aft x} , dfgjtf s] gft] eL : qL s] k|lt hf] ux/ L ;+j] bgzLntf k'?if dg d] + pkhgL rflxP jx gxL+ pkh kftL .

O; ;bL s] cfw'lgs sf] gf+] k/ v8] Þ xf] s/ xd cfh lkm/ O;sL cfwL cfjfbL s] ljifo d] + ;f] rg] s] lnP dha"/ x} + . cGt/ f{i6«Lo dlxnf lbj; g hfg] lstg] d+rf] k/ cfof] lht xf] uf, uf] li7ofF, lrGtg cf} / ljdz{ xf] +u] . dlxnfcf] + sf] cfly{s, / fhgLlts cf} / ;fdflhs pknlAwof] + sf] bzf{g] jfnL lkmNdf] + cf} / j[Qlrqf] + sf k|bz{g tyf ljrf/ uf] li7of] + sf cfof] hg xf] uf . hLjg s] ;eL If] qf] + d] + dlxnfcf] sf] ;dfg cj;/ lbnfg] s] lnP cfjfh p7foL hfo] uL k/ c+ttM aft jxL+ sL jxL+ / x] uL . dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f sL aft d'l: nd afx'No If] qf] + s] lnP tf] s/ gf ljNs'n a] dfgL xf] uf . Sof] +ls cfh eL dlxnfcf] + sf b'lgof d+] ;a;] Hofbf zf] if0f d'l: nd b] zf] + d] + xL xf] tf x} hxfF kbf{ cf} / a'/ s] s] cGb/ dlxnfcf] + sf] afFws/ / vf hftf x} . cu/ ls;L u} / db{ ;] cfFv] n8Þ uO{ of ls;L ljjflxtf sL cfjfh p7 uO{ tf] ox b] z p; : qL sf] ;/ ] cfd df} t b] b] tf x} . t'unsL km/ dfgf] + sf l;td xd] zf dlxnfcf] + k/ xL 6"6tf x} . Og b] zf] + d] +

g hfg] sa dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f sL aof/ rn] uL < hf] nf] u dlxnfcf] + sL hfu?stf sL aft s/ t] x} +, jx seL Og b] zf] + d] hft] xL gxL+ cf} / g xL OgsL aft s/ t] x} + . Sof] +ls pGx] + dfn"d x} ls Og b] zf] + d] + dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f Ps ;kgf x} lh;] k"/ f s/ g] s] lnP Ps qmflGt sL h¿/ t x} .

O; ;Gbe{ d] / fi6« lgdf{tf : jfdL ljj] sfgGb g] aiff] {+ kxn] sxf yf– æls;L eL / fi6« sL k|ult sf ;jf] {Qd ydf{dL6/ x} , jxfF sL dlxnfcf] + sL l: ylt . xd] + gfl/ of] + sf] P] ;L l: ylt d] + kx'Frf b] gf rflxP, hxfF j] ckgL ;d: ofcf] + sf] ckg] 9+u ;] : jo+ ;'nemf ;s] + . xd] + gf/ L zlQm sf p4f/ s gxL+, j/ g pgsf ;] js cf} / ;xfos aggf rflxP .

;xL dfog] d] + dlxnf lbj; ta xL ;fy{s xf] uf, ha ljZj e/ d] + dlxnfcf] + sf] dfgl;s j zf/ Ll/ s ¿k ;] ;Dk"0f{ cfhfbL ldn] uL, hxfF pGx] + sf] O{ k|tfl8Þt gxL s/ ] uf, hxfF pGx] + bx] h s] nfnr d] + lhGbf gxL hnfof hfo] uf, hxfF sGof e|"0f xTof gxL+ sL hfo] uL, hxfF anfTsf/ gxL xf] uf, hxfF p;] a] rf gxL hfo] uf . ;dfh s] x/ dxTjk"0f{ km} ;nf] + d] + pgs] ghl/ o] sf] dxTjk"0f{ ;demf hfo] uf . tfTko{ ox x} ls OGx+] eL k'?if s] ;dfg Ps O+;fg ;demf hfo] uf . hxfF jx l;/ p7fs/ ckg] dlxnf xf] g] k/ uj{ s/ ] , g ls kZrftfk ls sfz d} + Ps n8Þsf xf] tL .

c+ttM Ps xL aft sx"FuL ls dlxnfcf] + s] cfr/ 0f s] t/ Lsf] + d] + abnfj nfgf, dlxnfcf] + sL lhGbuL a] xt/ agfg] s] lnP kof{Kt gxL+ x} . O;s] lnP xd] + k'?iff] + s] Jojxf/ s] t/ Ls] d] + eL abnfj nfgf xf] uf . ta hfs/ xL sxL+ O; æcGt/ f{i6«Lo gf/ L lbj;Æ sL ;fy{stf ;flat xf] uL . lll

cflv/ abnfj s};];fdflhs ghl/ P

d] + abnfj cfjZoss?0ff emf÷ ;Kt/L ;Djfbbftf

dlxnfcf] + s] cfr/ 0f s] t/ Lsf] + d] + abnfj nfgf, dlxnfcf] + sL lhGbuL a] xt/ agfg] s] lnP kof{Kt gxL+ x} . O;s] lnP xd] +

k'?iff] + s] Jojxf/ s] t/ Ls] d] + eL abnfj nfgf xf] uf .



Sof sxtf x} sfg"g <

b] z d] + x/ aft s] lnP ag] sfg"g sL t/ x s'5 sfg"g dlxnfcf] + s] lnP eL ag] x} + . dlxnfcf] + s] xs clwsf/ sf] ;'lglZt s/ g] s] lnP sfg"g sL Joj: yf sL uO{ x} . k/ Sof jx lgod sfg"g agf b] g] ;] ;d: of sf ;dfwfg xf] hftf x} < bx] h, anfTsf/ , zf] if0f cf} / ;eL ;dflhs s'/ Lltof] + sf] / f] s kfgf blIf0f Pl;ofnL d'Nsf] + s] lnP Ps a8L r'gf} tL ;flat xf] / xL x} .

g] kfn d] dlxnfcf] + sL ;+Vof ̂ &,^&,#@# x} . s'n hg;+Vof sf %)% ;] clws . k/ Gt', lzIff b/ b] vf hfo tf] u|fkm ax't gLr] kfof hftf x} . jxL k/ c;'/ Iff cf} / e] befj sf u|fkm s'5 Hofbf xL pmk/ x} . b] z s] ls;L eL sf] g] k/ b[li6 8fnL hfo tf] sxL+ eL l: ylt cR5L gh/ gxL+ cftL . n8ÞlsofF sxL+ eL ;'/ lIft gxL+ x} + cfP lng ;dfrf/ kq d] + P] ;L 36gfPF 5ktL / xtL x} + hf] lbnf] + sf] lxnfs/ / v b] tL x} . g tf] 5 jifL{of

aRrL ;'/ lIft x} cf} / gf xL ;f7 jifL{of dlxnf . sfg"g x} k/ p;sL k"/ L k|ls|of OtgL nDaL cf} / z+sf: kb x} ls p; k/ osLg gxL+ lsof hf ;stf . kLl8Þtf d+qfno d] + u'xf/ nuf n] of ;dfh d] + k/ Gt' Gofo sL ;+efjgf IfL0f xL xf] tL x} . Ps gh/ g] kfn s] dlxnf ;DaGwL sfg"g k/ —

g] kfn d] dlxnf lx+;f lgoGq0f s] lnP sL uO{ sfg"gL Joj: yfl g] kfn s] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg @)^# s] efu # d] / x] df} lns xs cGtu{t wf/ f @) s] pkwf/ f ! cf} / # s] cg';f/ , ls;L s] ;fY

l;km{ dlxnf xf] g] s] sf/ 0f e] b efj gxL lsof hf ;stf .lg] kfn s] d'n'sL P] g ls bkmf !)-v_ s]

cg';f/ , cu/ ls;L eL dlxnf sf] 8fog -af] S;L_ s] cf/ f] k d] ckdfg lsof uof, ufFj ;] lgsfnf lsof uof of cdfjLo Jojxf/ lsof uof tf] # dxLg] ;] n] s/ @ aif{ ts sL s} b xf] ;stL x} . cf} / % xhf/ ;] n] s/ @% xhf/ ts sf h'/ dfgf xf] ;stf x} .

l;fdflhs Jojxf/ -;'wf/ _ P] g d] bx] h lgoGq0f;DaGwL Joj: yf lsof uof x} . O; P] g s] d'tflas sf] O{ eL JolQm zfbL s/ g] s] lnP bx] h gxL+ n] ;stf. cf} / cu/ sf] O{ eL JolQm O; lgod sf pNn+3g s/ tf x} tf] p;sf] h'/ dfgf cf} / s} b bf] gf] + sL Joj: yf sL uO{ x} .dlxnf lx+;f tyf e] befj / f] sg] s]

lnP / fi6«Lo Pj+ cGt/ / fi6«Lo sfg'g cjZo agfof uof x} . k/ +t' sfof{Gjog kIf sdhf] / xf] g] s] sf/ 0f ox e] befj ?sg] sf gfd

gxL+ n] / xf x} . vf; s/ g] kfn d] dlxnfcf] + s] pmk/ xf] t] cf / x] ;eL k|sf/ s] n} +lus e] befa sf] cGt s/ g] ls lnP d'n'sL Pg d] + eL ax't ;f/ f ;+;f] wg lsof uof. dlxnfcf] + sf] ls;L k/ cfl>t xf] gf gf k8Þ] O; x] t' ;Dklt d] eL ;dfg xs lbof uof x} . dlxnfcf] + s] pk/ xf] g] jfn] 3/ ] n' lx+;f sf] / f] sg] s] lnP Ps cnu sfg"g agfof uof. lj8Dagf Û sfof{Gaog kIf ;b} a sdhf] / ;flat x'cf. dlxnf s] pk/ xf] g] afnL ls;L eL t/ x s] e] befj sf] / f] sg] s] lnP ;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3Lo dxf;lGw -l;8f_ d] + eL g] kfn g] ckgf x: tfIf/ lsof

x} . dlxnfcf] + s] pk/ xf] g] afnL lx+;fcf] sf] pvf8 km] sg] s] lnP a] Olh+u 3f] if0ffkq d] eL ;Daf] wg lsof uof x} . xd sfg"g d] ;+;f] wg s/ t] uP. n] lsg ckgL ;f] r d] = ;+;f] wg sL cfjZostf k/ seL dgg gxL lsof . sfg"g teL ;fy b] uf ha ;dfh ;fy b] . k/ Gt' P] ;f gxL+ xf] tf . ck/ fwL sL lu/ km\tf/ L s] lnP lhtg] sfg"g agt] x} + p;sL l/ xfO{ s] eL ptg] xL xys+8] xf] t] x} . Ps tf] dlnfPF hNbL sfg"g s] ulnof/ ] hfgf gxL+ rfxtL cf} / cu/ rnL eL hftL x} tf] Gofo s] lnP p;] OtgL dfgl;s kL8Þf ;] u'h/ gL k8ÞtL x} ls jx Ps lh+bf nfz ag hftL x} . lll

sfg"gg dlxnfcf] + sf] k|fKt clwsf/

Ps tf] dlxnfPF hNbL sfg"g s] ulnof/ ] hfgf

gxL+ rfxtL cf} / cu/ rnL eL hftL x} + tf] Gofo

s] lnP pGX] OtgL dfgl;s kL8 Þf ;] u'h/ gL k8 ÞtL

x} ls jx Ps lh+bf nfz ag hftL x} .

/0fwL/ rf}w/L


o] y] s'5 P] ;] ;jfn lh;;] ;dfh sf Ps kIf lg/ Gt/ h"em / xf x} . ax; xf] tL x} . / } lnofF lgsfnL hftL x} + . k/ gtLhf z"Go xf] tf x} . ;r tf] ox x} ls xdf/ ] k<Dk/ fut ;f] r d] + gf/ L sf] bf] lx: ;f] + d] + afF6 lbof uof x} . Ps lh;] xd b] jL dfgt] x} + cf} / ;j{q p;sL k"hf s/ t] x} + cf} / b";/ L jf] hf] l;km{ Ps z/ L/ s] ¿k d] + ;fdg] xf] tf x} . Ps af/ h'y': q g] Ps a'l9Þf ;] k"5f, atfcf] : qL s] af/ ] d] + ;RrfO{ Sof x} < tf] p;g] sxf, ax't ;L ;RrfO{ P] ;L x} lhgs] af/ ] d] + r'k / xgf xL a] xt/ x} . xfF cu/ t'd cf} / t s] kf; hf / x] xf] tf] ckgf sf] 8Þf ;ffy n] hfgf dt e"ngf . tfTko{ o] ls k'<if ;f] r xd] zf / xL x} ls ox kIf p;s] b\jf/ f xL ;+rflnt xf] . ha P] ;f gxL+ xf] tf tf] p;sf cx+sf/ rf] 6 vftf x} cf} / p;sf b'ikl/ 0ffd xd x/ / f] h ckg] cf; kf; b] vt] x} = . hxfF Ps kIf / f} zg x} jxL+ b";/ f kIf / f] zgL sL vf] h d] + x} + . a; Ps gh/ O; xsLst k/ 8fng] sL sf] lzz sL uO{ x} —

: qL cfsfz d] + e/ g] nutL x} p8ÞfgPs s] afb Ps to s/ g] nutL x} sNkgf s] ;f] kfgcf} / ;kg] sf] ;r dfgrSs/ l3GgL ;L 56k6ftL x} ;kg] sf] ckg] ;] cnufg] d] +6"6 6"6 hftL x} ==== -/ d] z d] xtf_ ;=


ls;L eL / fi6« sf cfOgf p;sL efiff, ;+: s[lt cf} / k/ Dk/ fPF xf] tL x} + . jxfF sL nf] ssnfPF, nf] s ;+uLt cf} / nf] slrq p;sL kxrfg xf] tL x} + . O;s] åf/ f jxfF sL ;fdflhs, P] ltxfl;s, ;f+: s[lts hLjg sL emns b] vg] sf] ldntL x} . P] ;L xL Ps nf] s snf x} ldlynf lrqsnf lh;sL ;d[4 Pj+ pGgt k/ Dk/ f / xL x} . cleJolSt s] sO{ dfWod xf] t] x} + . uLt, ;+uLt, sxfgL, sljtf cflb k/ cleJolSt sf ;a;] clws k|efjzfnL dfWod cu/ sf] O{ x} tf] jx x} lrqsnf . O;d] + ;Dk|] if0f sL cb\e't Ifdtf xf] tL x} . ox snf ef/ t d] + xL gxL+ k8Þf] ;L / fi6« g] kfn d] + eL k|l;4 x} . b/ e+uf cf} / dw'agL ;] ;6] x'P ;LdfjtL{ If] q d] + O; snf sf k|rf/ cf} / k|;f/ x} . cu/ bf] gf] + b] zf] + sL ;/ sf/ rfx] tf] ;+o'St ¿k d] + O; snf sL clej[l4 cf} / ;+/ If0f d] + ;xof] u s/ ;stL x} . o"F eL o] bf] gf] + b] z sO{ dfog] d] + h'8Þ] x'P x} + . cu/ O; cf] / eL ;lDdlnt ¿k d] + sfd lsP hfPF tf] ox P] ltxfl;s snf lgM;Gb] x Ps pmFrfO{ sL cf] / cu|;/ xf] uL . bf] gf] + b] zf] + sL dlxnfcf] + sf] O; snf ;] hf] 8Þs/ cfly{s ¿k ;] ;Ifd lsof hf ;stf x} . / f] huf/ ;] O; snf sf] ;Da4 s/ Ps gof cf} / sf/ u/ d'sfd xfl;n lsof hf ;stf x} .

ldlynf+rn sL zfg dfgL hftL x} ldlynf lrqsnf . b] z ljb] z d] + O;sL Ps cnu kxrfg x} . u|fdL0f dlxnfcf] + åf/ f ldlynf sL kxrfg ljZj k6n k/ c+lst s/ gf dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f sL cb\e't ld;fn x} , hf] cGoq b'n{e x} .

j} lbs o'u ;Ltf ljjfx ;] ldlynf nf] s lrqsnf sf pb\ej x'cf . ;Ltf ljjfx d] + u|x gIfq, b] jL b] jtf Pj+ k|s[lt s] k] 8Þ kf} w] , hLj hGt' åf/ f 3/ f] + sf] ;hfof uof, oxL sfnfGt/ d] + dw'agL k] +l6+u s] gfd ;] ljZjljVoft x'cf . sf] xa/ s] ¿k d] + eL ox ljZj d] + k|l;4 x} . cfh ldlynf sL kxrfg ag uO{ x} ldlynf lrqsnf . O;s] åf/ f

xdg] ckgL ;+: s[lt cf} / k/ Dk/ f sf] b] z ljb] z ts kx'Frfof x} . ldlynf sL ljb'ifL ;Ltf, ufuL{ Pj+ bfz{lgs d} q] oL s] ljnIf0f k|ltef sf xL kmn x} ldlynf nf] s lrqsnf . nf] ssnf d] + k|s[lt sf j0f{g dxTjk"0f{ / xf x} . xd k|s[lt ;] Kof/ s/ t] x} + p;sL k"hf s/ t] x} + jxL xdf/ ] hLjg sf cfwf/ x} . cfh ljZj lr+ltt x} . k[YjL k/ Osf] nf] lhsn c;+t'ng s] sf/ 0f kz' k+IfL ljn'Kt xf] t] hf / x] x} + lh;s] sf/ 0f kof{j/ 0f vt/ ] d] + x} . ox k|s[lt sf ;+s] t x} ls lagf O;sL ;'/ Iff s] dfgj hLjg eL ;'/ lIft gxL+ x} .

ldlynf nf] s lrqsnf sf cfwf/ eL k|s[lt xL x} . O;sf k|df0f ;Ltf ljjfx sf sf] xa/ x} . O;d] + ;d: t k|s[lt sf] wfld{s cg'i7fg d] + ;fldn s/ gf, ;Ltf, ufuL{ sL

ljnIf0f ;f] r cf} / b"/ blz{tf sf k|df0f x} . Ps sf] xa/ d] + xL ;d: t k[YjL s] dxTj sf] bzf{of uof x} . k|s[lt sL k"hf s/ gf, o'u–o'u ;] rnf cf / xf x} , hf] ox ;flat s/ tf x} ls k|s[lt sf lstgf ux/ f ;DaGw dfgj ;] x} . kz', kIfL, k] 8Þ kf} w] o] ;eL xdf/ ] hLjg s] lnP cfjZos x} + cf} / dfgj O;] xL ljgfz s/ g] k/ t'nf x'cf x} . ldlynf lrqsnf d] + o] ;eL ;fldn x} + hf] OgsL dxQf sf] ljZj d] + : yflkt s/ g] sL sf] lzz s/ / x] x} . cfh tf] ;dfh sL x/ ;d: ofcf] + sf] O; lrqsnf s] dfWod ;] c+lst lsof hf / xf x} + . nf] s snfsf/ eL ;dfh sL ;d: ofcf] + ;] v'b sf] cnu gxL+ / v ;stf x} O;lnP p;s] lrqf] + d] + eL jx kIf pe/ s/ ;fdg] cf hftf x} . lll

ldlynf lrqsnf Ps ;+lIfKt kl/ ro

8f= lgd{nf emf

;+:s[lt


k8Þf];

lbNnL ljwfg;ef r'gfj d] + s] h/ Ljfn s] g] t[Tj d] + cfd cfbdL kf6L{ sf]

hf] hLt ldnL p;;] ;+;b d] + x'O{ df] bL sL hLt dL kmLsL k8Þ uO{ . efhkf eL ax't d'lZsn ;] tLg ;L6 hLt s/ ljwfg ;ef d] + ckgL pkl: ylt bh{ s/ f ;sL . O; r'gfj d] + g tf] df] bL sL nx/ sfd cfO{ cf} / g xL cldt zfx sL ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf . ;a w/ ] s] w/ ] / x uP . s] h/ Ljfn sf] hgtf g] &) d] + ;] ^& ;L6f] + k/ ljho lbnfO{ hf] lbNnL s] hgtf sf pg d] + ljZjf; sf k|tLs x} . lbNnL sL hgtf s] lbn d] + s] h/ Ljfn o"F xL hux gxL+ agfP x} + . lk5nL af/ s] ckg] cNksflns zf;g d] + xL s] h/ Ljfn ;/ sf/ sL O{dfgbf/ L cf} / sd{7tf kl/ nlIft xf] / xL yL . pgsL ;/ sf/ g] ckg] jfb] k"/ f s/ t] x'P ;Lldt dfq d] + xL ;xL, n] lsg nf] uf] + sf] d'km\t kfgL cf} / ;: tL lahnL pknAw s/ fO{ . sDklgof] + dL6/ f] + sL hfFr z'? sL uO{ cf} / lahnL sDklgof] + s] cfFl86 s/ fg] s] eL cfb] z lbP uP . k'ln; k|zf;g g] xKtf n] gf aGb s/ lbof . ;eL 8«fOle+u nfO;] G;

s] cf‘lkm;f] + s] cfu] nu] bnfnf] + sL b'sfg] + a+b xf] uO{ . nf] skfn lan s] dfdn] d] + l77'/ tL ;bL{ d] + cfd hgtf s] ;fy / ft e/ lbNnL sL ;8Þs k/ 36g] k/ a} 7] / x] . OGxL+ ;a sf/ 0ff] + ;] lbNnL sL hgtf sf] nuf ls ox xdf/ ] xL aLr sf cfbdL x} – Ps cfd cfbdL lh; d] + d'VodGqL agg] s] afb eL sf] O{ abnfj gxL+ cfof x} .

lbNnL ljwfg ;ef s] O; r'gfjL kl/ 0ffd sf c;/ g l;km{ ef/ t cf} / g] kfn alNs blIf0f Plzof s] cGo / fi6«f] + k/ eL k8Þg] jfnf x} . g] kfnL / fhgLlt d] + eL Ps lbg sf] O{ O{dfgbf/ , / fi6«eQm s] h/ Ljfn sL t/ x

xL l;/ lkm/ f k} bf xf] uf . cf} / ta p; lbg g cf] nL sL af] nL sfd cfPuL cf} / g k|r08 sL jfs\k6'tf . / fhg] tfcf] + sL e|i6frf/ L cf} / hfltjfbL sf xL cGt gxL+ xf] uf alNs ef/ t sL t/ x g] kfn d] + eL j+zjfbL / fhgLlts k|lqmof sf cGt xf] hfPuf .

!$ km/ j/ L sf] d'VodGqL kb sL zky n] g] s] t'/ Gt afb xL s] h/ Ljfn g] pb\3f] if0ff sL ls ceL k|b] z lbNnL cf} / s] Gb| bf] gf] + xL huxf] + k/ k"0f{ ax'dt sL ;/ sf/ ] + x} + . k|wfgdGqL s] pmk/ k"/ ] b] z sL lhDd] bf/ L xf] tL x} O;LlnP k|wfgdGqL k"/ ] b] z sf sfdsfh ;Defn] + cf} / lbNnL d'em k/ 5f] 8Þ b] + . lbNnL ;/ sf/ lbNnL sf k|zf;g cf} / zf;g rnfg] s] lnP k"/ L t/ x ;dIf x} + . s] h/ Ljfn g] ox eL sxf ls cfd cfbdL kf6L{ sL ;/ sf/ s] Gb| tyf cGo ;eL bnf] + s] ;fy ldn s/ lbNnL d] + ljsf; sf sfo{ k"/ f s/ ] uL . pGxf] +g] ckg] s} lag] 6 s] gj lgjf{lrt ;b: of] + sL pkl: ylt d] + lbNnL s] ljsf; sL / 0fgLlt sf Ps vfsf eL k|: t't lsof . s] h/ Ljfn g] lbNnL sf] k"0f{ / fHo sf bhf{ lbnfg] s] lnP hf] / bf/ jsfnt sL . pgsf sxgf yf ls ceL lbNnL k|b] z cf} / s] Gb| bf] gf] + xL huxf] + k/ k"0f{ ax'dt sL ;/ sf/ xf] g] s] sf/ 0f O; sfo{ d] + c8Þrg gxL+ pTkGg xf] gL rflxP . s] h/ Ljfn sf dfggf yf ls O; dfdn] d] + k|wfgdGqL df] bL sL eL ;f] +r ;sf/ fTds x} . s] h/ Ljfn g] ox eL sxf ls cfk ckg] jfb] s] cg';f/ hNb xL nf] skfn lan kf; s/ ] uL, n] lsg

lbNnL d] + cfk, af+sL ;a ;fkm

k|f]= gjLg ld>f

lbNnL ljwfg ;ef s] O; r'gfjL kl/ 0ffd sf c;/ g l;km{ ef/ t cf} / g] kfn aNsL blIf0f Plzof s] cGo / fi6«f] + k/ eL k8 Þg] jfnf x} . g] kfnL / fhgLlt d] + eL Ps lbg sf] O{ O{dfgbf/ , / fi6«eQm s] h/ Ljfn sL t/ x xL l;/ lkm/ f k} bf xf] uf . cf} / ta p; lbg g xf] nL sL cf] nL sfd cfPuL cf} / g k|r08 sL jfs\k6'tf . / fhg] tfcf] + sL e|i6frf/ L cf} / hfltjfbL sf xL cGt gxL+ xf] uf alNs ef/ t sL t/ x g] kfn d] + eL j+zjfbL

/ fhgLlts k|lqmof sf cGt xf] hfPuf .


k8Þf];O;s] lnP sf] O{ ;do ;Ldf sL kfa+bL gxL+ nufO{ . pGxf] +g] sxf ls xdf/ L ;/ sf/ @$ 306] sfd s/ ] uL . hgtf g] xd] + kfFr ;fn sf jQm lbof x} . s] h/ Ljfn sf sxgf yf ls efhkf s] tLg ljwfos x} + cf} / jx eL xdf/ ] xL ljwfos x} + . xd ;a ldn s/ lbNnL sf ljsf; s/ ] +u] . xd ox gxL+ b] v] +u] sL xd] + ls; If] q ;] jf] 6 ldnf of gxL+ . xd dtbftfcf] + of cfd hgtf s] ;fy ls;L eL k|sf/ sf e] befj gxL+ s/ ] +u] . k"/ L lbNnL xdf/ L x} cf} / xd ;a sf] ldns/ O;sf ljsf; s/ gf x} cf} / lbNnL sf] abngf x} .

s] h/ Ljfn g] ox eL sxf ls lbNnL d] + e|i6frf/ ;dfKt s/ g] s] lnP hNb xL s8Þ] ;] s8] Þ sbd p7fP hfPFu] cf} / kfFr ;fn d] + lbNnL sf] kxnf e|i6frf/ d'Qm zx/ agfof hfPuf . s] h/ Ljfn g] ckg] k'/ fg] cGbfh d] + Ps af/ lkm/ b"x/ fof ls olb sf] O{ l/ Zjt n] g] sL sf] lzz s/ ] tf] b] b] gf cf} / p;sL l/ sfl8{u s/ n] gf . O; l/ sfl8{u s] cfwf/ k/ ;DalGwt JolQm s] lvnfkm sf/ {jfO{ xf] uL . O; sfd s] lnP hNb xL x] Nk nfOg z'? xf] uL . s] h/ Ljfn sf sxgf yf ls lbNnL d] + sf/ f] af/ a9Þfg] s] lnP ;/ sf/ e/ k"/ ;xof] u s/ ] uL . O;s] lnP d'VodGqL g] sf/ f] afl/ of] + ;] cfu|x lsof x} ls j] lbn vf] ns/ 6} S; b] +, lh;;] eL ljsf; t] hL ;] xf] ;s] . O; k} ;] sf k|of] u lzIff, c: ktfn, ;8Þs, afhf/ , ;'/ Iff j cGo sfdf] + s] lnP vr{ s/ ] +u] . ;/ sf/ Ps–Ps kfO{ sf lx;fa / v] uL . pGxf] +g] ox eL cfZjf;g lbof ls sf] O{ eL ljefu pGx] + t+u gxL+ s/ ] uf . ;fDk|bflos 36gfcf] + k/ af] nt] x'P s] h/ Ljfn g] sxf ls lbNnL Ps zflGtlk|o zx/ x} cf} / #% ;fn d] + oxfF k/ sf] O{ P] ;L 36gf gxL+ x'O{ x} . O;L lbNnL d] + xd ;a sf] ldns/ / xgf x} cf} / x/ Tof] xf/ d] + x/ hflt cf} / wd{ s] nf] u ldns/ / xt] x] + . xd] + cfu] eL ox zflGt Joj: yf agfP / vgL x} . xd] + wd{ k/ xf] g] jfnL / fhgLlt sf] aGb s/ gf x} . pGxf] +g] sxf ls ;Lw] tf} / k/ k'ln; xdf/ ] kf; gxL+ x} , n] lsg xd k'ln; s] ;xof] u ;] ox ;'lglZrt s/ ] +u] ls x/ wd{,

ju{ j hflt lbNnL d] + ;'/ lIft dx;"; s/ ] +u] . lk5n] dO{ dxLg] d] + ha g/ ] Gb| df] bL @*@

;f+;bf] + s] ;fy s] Gb| sL u2L k/ lj/ fh] tf] nf] u pgs] ax'dt sf] b] vs/ cfZro{rlst y] . efhkf sf] eL OtgL a8ÞL hLt sL pDdLb gxL+ yL . g/ ] Gb| df] bL sL ox ljho ofqf O;s] afb x'P rf/ ljwfg ;efcf] + d] + eL sdf] a] z hf/ L / xL . n] lsg dfq gf} dxLg] d] + xL lbNnL h} ;] 5f] 6] k|b] z g] O; ljho ofqf k/ lj/ fd nuf lbof . lj/ f] wL bnf] + g] c/ ljGb s] h/ Ljfn k/ cg] sf] + cf/ f] k nufP . pGx] + clt dxTjf+sfIfL euf] 8f cf} / g hfg] Sof–Sof sxf uof . cfd cfbdL kf6L{ sf] eL c/ fhstfjfbL cfGbf] ngsfl/ of] + sf ;d"x atfof uof . efhkf g] lbNnL ljwfg;ef r'gfj hLtg] s] lnP sO{ xys08] ckgfP . cfk s] ax't ;f/ ] k"j{ ljwfosf] + h} ;] ls wL/ , laGgL cf} / zflhof ONdL sf] g l;km{ ckgL kf6L{ d] + zfldn lsof alNs pGx] + r'gfj d] + l6s6 eL lbP . c/ ljGb s] h/ Ljfn s] lj/ f] w d] + ls/ 0f a] bL sf] ptf/ f uof . n] lsg cfd cfbdL kf6L{ Og aftf] + ;] laNs'n eL xtfz gxL+ x'O{ cf} / r'krfk ckgf sfd s/ tL / xL . cGt d] + pGx] + pDdLb ;] Hofbf ;L6] xfl;n x'O{ .

jf: tj d] + df] bL of s] h/ Ljfn sL hLt sf] ls;L JolQm of kf6L{ sL hLt ;] clws ;'wL ef/ tLo dtbftfcf] + sL cfsf+Iffcf] + ;] hf] 8Þ s/ b] vf hfgf rflxP . ef/ tLo / fhgLlt d] + P] ;] rdTsfl/ s kl/ 0ffd kxn] eL cf r's] x} + . ;g\ !(*( d] + g/ axfb'/ e08f/ L s] g] t[Tj d] + l;lSsd ;+u|fd kl/ ifb\ g] ljwfg;ef sL ;eL #@ ;L6] + hLt nL yL+ . n] lsg j] ckgL nf] slk|otf sf] ax't lbgf] + ts sfod gxL+ / v ;s] . pgx] + ljZjf; dt k|fKt gxL+ x'cf cf} / pgsL kf6L{ eL 6"6 uO{ . e08/ L sL ;Qf sf] ;dfKt s/ g] jfn] kjg rfdln+u lk5n] @) jiff] {+ ;] u+u6f] s sL ;Qf k/ sflah x} + . dtbftfcf] + sL kLl9ÞofF abn hfg] s] afb eL hgtf d] + ca ts pgsf ljZjf; sfod x} . O; 36gf ;] df] bL cf] / s] h/ Ljfn bf] gf] + xL ;/ sf/ f] + sf] ;Lv n] gL

rflxP . l;km{ ;Qf xfl;n s/ gf xL sfkmL gxL+ x} , h¿/ L x} ls j] hglxt d] + sfd s/ ] + cGoyf pgsf eL jxL xfn xf] uf, hf] e08f/ L sf x'cf yf . xfnf+ls ceL s] h/ Ljfn ;ts{ x} cf} / af/ –af/ ckgL kf6L{ sf] lxbfot b] / x] + x} + ls cx+sf/ gxL+ s/ gf x} . cx+sf/ s] sf/ 0f xL cfh sf+u|] ; cf} / efhkf sf ox xfn x'cf x} . O; tYo sf] hf] eL g] tf of kf6L{ gh/ cGbfh s/ ] uf, jx Oltxf; sL ut{ d] + ;df hfPuf .

O;sf Ps b";/ f pbfx/ 0f eL x} . !(*) s] bzs d] + cf‘n c;d : 6"8] +Þ6; o'lgog s] g] tf k|km'Nn s'df/ dx+y g] ckgL #) jif{ ;] eL sd cfo' d] + d'VodGqL sf kb ;Defnf cf} / bf] af/ d'VodGqL ag] . n] lsg hgtf sL s;f} 6L k/ j] v8Þ] gxL+ pt/ kfP cf} / cfh ljwfg;ef d] + pgsL kf6L{ s] dfq !) ;b: o x} + . nf] s;ef d] + OgsL Ps eL ;L6 gxL+ x} cf} / / fHo;ef d] + dfq Ps ;L6 . nueu oxL xfn pQ/ k|b]z sf eL / xf . dfofjtL pQ/ k|b] z sL d'VodGqL agL+ . O; kb k/ a} 7g] jfnL jx kxnL blnt dlxnf yL+ cf} / p; ;do pgsL pd| eL dfq #! ;fn . pgsL nf] slk|otf b] v s/ pgs] ;dy{s pGx] + k|wfgdGqL sL s';L{ ts kx'Frfg] sf ;kgf ;+hf] g] nu] y] . n] lsg cun] r'gfj ts pgsL nf] slk|otf sf u|fkm P] ;f lu/ f ls pGx] + ef/ L xf/ sf ;fdgf s/ gf k8Þf . lk5n] nf] s;ef r'gfj d] + dfofjtL Ps eL ;L6 gxL+ arf ;sL .

df] bL cf} / s] h/ Ljfn sL hLt ;] Ps aft cf} / pe/ s/ ;fdg] cfO{ x} ls ef/ t sL hgtf ca k"0f{ ax'dt sL ;/ sf/ s] kIf d] + x} , lh;;] ;/ sf/ sf] O{ 7f] ; lg0f{o n] g] d] + ;Ifd xf] . u7aGwg sL n"nL n+u8ÞL ;/ sf/ f] + k/ ca p;sf osLg gxL+ / xf . ljwfg;ef s] lk5n] !* d] + ;] !$ r'gfj ujfx x} + ls nf] u u7aGwg sL / fhgLlt ;] pa r's] x} + . j] ls;L Ps kf6L{ sf] O;lnP ax'dt k|bfg s/ t] x} +, lh;;] d'VodGqL cyjf k|wfgdGqL hgtf ;] lsP jfbf] + sf] k"/ f s/ ;s] . P] ;f gxL+ s/ g] jfn] bnf] + sf] ;Qf ;] xfy wf] gf k8Þf x} . dx+t ;] n] s/ dgdf] xg l;+x sL ;/ sf/ O;s] pbfx/ 0f x} + . hgtf sL s;f} 6L k/ v/ f gxL+ pt/ g] s] sf/ 0f xL OGx] + ;Qf u+jfgL k8ÞL . ca jQm t] hL ;] an / xf x} . r'gfjf] + sf] ca JolQm of bn sL xf/ hLt ;] Hofbf hgtf sL pDdLbf] + ;] hf] 8Þ s/ b] vg] sf ;do cf uof x} . cfh hgtf sf] ckgL ;/ sf/ ;] eoeLt gxL+ xf] gf rflxP . cfzf x} , hNb xL g] kfnL dtbftf eL nf] stflGqs cfhfbL s] O; dd{ sf] ;demg] d] + sfdofa xf] +u] . lll


k8Þf];

ef/ t d] + lbNnL ljwfg;ef sf r'gfj xfn xL d] + ;DkGg x'cf x} .

s'n &) ;L6f] + jfnL ljwfg;ef d] + c/ ljGb s] h/ Ljfn s] g] t[TjjfnL æcfkÆ kf6L{ g] ^& ;L6f] + k/ ljho k|fKt s/ s] sLlt{dfg xfl;n lsof x} . ef/ tLo hgtf kf6L{ -efhkf_ sf] l;km{ # ;L6f] + d] + ;Lldt xf] gf k8Þf x} . O; k|r08 ax'dt sf cfsng s/ g] d] + r'gfjL ljZn] ifs Pj+ r'gfjk"j{ lso] uo] dLl8of k|fof] lht nueu ;eL ;j] {If0f unt ;flat x'P x} + . hxfF cfk kf6L{ sf] %$Ü dt k|fKt x'P x} + jxL+ efhkf sf] eL lk5n] r'gfj ;] clws cyf{t ## Ü dt k|fKt x'P x} + . sfFu|] ; kf6L{ !)Ü d] + l;d6 uO{ x} . dt kl/ 0ffdf] + sL ;dLIff cf} / eL sO{ k|Zg v8Þ] s/ / xL x} . d;ng %$ Ü jf] 6 kfg] jfnL æcfkÆ kf6L{ sf] (%Ü ;L6f] + k/ hLt xfl;n x'O{ x} . O;L k|sf/ ##Ü jf] 6 kfg] s] afjh"b efhkf sf] l;km{ %Ü ;L6 k|fKt x} . sf+u|] ; ;dy{s dtbftf sL ;+Vof !)Ü xf] t] x'P eL ox kf6L{ ckgL pkl: ylt

bh{ s/ jfg] d] + gfsfd / xL x} . ef/ t d] + s'5 ljZn] ifs O;] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL sL c;kmntf s] ¿k d] + b] v / x] x} + . hf] eL xf] lbNnL s] O; lgjf{rg sf] n] s/ g] kfn d] + hds/ ax; x'O{ x} . sf7df08" ;] k|sflzt nueu ;eL / fi6«Lo cvaf/ f] + g] O;] k|d'vtf ;] 5fkf x} . s'5 sf] O; kl/ 0ffd sf sf/ 0f efhkf s] g] tfcf] + d] + a9Þf x'cf cx+sf/ lbvf tf] s'5 g] s] h/ Ljfn sL ckf/ nf] slk|otf sf] O; hLt sf sf/ 0f

atfof x} . ax/ xfn g] kfnL ;+rf/ dfWod åf/ f ef/ t s] k|fGtLo r'gfj s] af/ ] d] + lbvfO{ uO{ ox cle?lr ;/ fxgLo x} .

Eff/ t d] + x'P O; k|fGtLo lgjf{rg g] ef/ tLo nf] stGq sL ljz] iftf sf] Ps af/ k'gM : yflkt s/ lbof x} . nf] s;ef lgjf{rg s] kl/ 0ffdf] + ;] If'Aw ;d"x s] lnP ox Ps / fxt sL aft x} . ;fy xL df] bLnx/ sL : jlKgn b'lgof d] + ;f] o] x'P s] lno] gL+b ;] hfug] sf cj;/ . k/ Gt' g] kfnL / fhgLlt s] lno] ox Ps dfu{bz{s kl/ 0ffd x} . ;+3Lotf ;] eoeLt ;d'bfo s] lno] ox Ps lglZrGttf s] ¿k d] + lnof hfg] of] Uo ljifo x} . Psn / fHo ;+/ rgf s] Ps kIfLo kl/ 0ffd cf} / p;;] ljlht ;d"x d] + cfg] jfn] ;Defljt cx+sf/ sf] / f] sg] sf ox Ps pkqmd xf] ;stf x} . b";/ ] ;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rg s] ;fy xL g] kfn ckg] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] qmd d] + x} . Ps ;Rr] ldq Pj+ k8Þf] ;L sL x} l;ot ;] ef/ t g] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] O; hl6n k/ Gt' clgjfo{ sfo{l;l¢ s] lno] ckg] cg'ejf] + ;] g] kfn sf] ;do–;do k/ cjut s/ fof xL x} . rfx] jx ef/ tLo k|wfgd+qL ;DdfggLo g/ ] Gb| df] bLhL sf g] kfn sL Joj: yflksf ;+;b d] + Clif dg sL cfjZostf s] lno] lsof uof cfu|x xf]

of ;fs{ ;Dd] ng s] cj;/ k/ ;xdlt s] lno] g] kfnL g] tfcf] + sf Wofgfsif{0f, Og ;as] kL5] g] kfn sf] ls;L eL k|sf/ sL bL3{sfnLg hl6ntf ;] arfgf xL d"n Wo] o / xf x} .

g] kfn sL / fhgLlt s] lk5n] 36gfqmdf] + ;] ox : ki6 xf] uof x} ls ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + d"n afwf / fHo sL cfGtl/ s k'g;{+/ rgf cyjf ;+3Lotf s] k|Zg sf] n] s/ xL x} . O; ljifo k/ ;Qf cf} / ljkIf s] aLr k/ : k/ cljZjf;

Pj+ ;+zo r/ d laGb' k/ x} . ;QfkIf ;+3Lotf sf] b] z sL Pstf cf} / cv08tf s] lno] vt/ gfs b] vtf x} tf] jxL+ ljkIf s] lno] ox / fHo ;+rfng d] + ;dfg'kflts efuLbf/ L sf dfWod x} . k'/ fgL / fhzfxL åf/ f ckgL ;Qf sf] dha"t agfg] x] t' lh; k|zf;lgs ;+/ rgf sf lgdf{0f lsof yf, p;sf nfe j: t'tM Ps ljz] if ;d'bfo sf] clws k|fKt xf] g] s] sf/ 0f ox hl6ntf pTkGg xf] uO{ x} . ;QfkIfLo bnf] + d] + Ps ljz] if ;d'bfo sL afx'Notf s] sf/ 0f xL ljkIf ;z+lst x} . O;s] ;fy xL ;Qfwf/ L bn s] g] tfcf] + sL jfrfn k|j[lQ cf} / clt/ +lht s6fIf s] sf/ 0f eL ljkIf lr9Þf x'cf x} . P] ;L cj: yf d] + ha dfxf} n cljZjf;k"0f{ xf] tf] ;eL kIff] + sf ;+oldt xf] gf h¿/ L x} .

ts{xLg lg0f{o / fhgLlt sf] hl6n agftf x} . b'ef{Uojz g] kfn d] + cS;/ xf] g] jfn] lg0f{of] + s] kL5] ts{ sf cefj xf] tf x} . !@ ;"qLo ;dembf/ L s] afb ha dfcf] jflbof] + sf] d"nwf/ sL / fhgLlt d] + nfg] s] gfd k/ tTsfnLg k|ltlglw ;ef d] + Pdfn] s] a/ fa/ ;L6] + bL uO{ tf] O;s] lno] sf] O{ ts{ gxL+ lbof uof . ;jf] {Rr cbfnt g] kxn] ;+ljwfg ;ef s] sfo{sfn sf] bf] af/ a9Þfo] hfg] k/ sf] O{ Pt/ fh gxL+ htfof k/ jxL+ tL;/ L af/ sfo{sfn sf a9Þfof hfgf ;jf] {Rr sf] gfujf/ nuf cf} / p;g] ;+ljwfg ;ef sL cfo' to s/ bL . xfn xL d] + ;+ljwfg ;ef d] + x'P p7fk6s s] afb ;efd'v dxf] bo g] : jo+ xL k|: tfj sf] k9Þt] x'P kfl/ t eL s/ lbof . vt/ gfs kl/ 0ffd ox x} ls ca eljio d] + sf] O{ eL ;efd'v ;/ sf/ L k|: tfjf] + sf] P] ;] xL kfl/ t s/ jf lnof s/ ] +u] .

h¿/ L x} ;dembf/ L sL cf} / p;s] lno] eL ;QfkIf sL hjfab] xL clws x} . ;+ljwfg ;efåf/ f ;+ljwfg sf lgdf{0f kl/ jt{g sf] : yflkt s/ g] s] lno] x} . O;L k|sf/ ;+3Lotf dw] ; ljb|f] x sf k|d'v Ph] 08f yf, lh;] tTsfnLg g] kfn ;/ sf/ g] : jLsf/ s/ cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg d] + bh{ s/ jfof . Og k|lta4tfcf] + ;] d's/ gf / fhgLlts ljZjf;3ft xf] uf cf} / b] / ;j] / O;sL ef/ L sLdt r'sfgL k8Þ ;stL x} . b";/ L ;+ljwfg ;ef g] hgfb] z kl/ jlt{t lsof x} , sfof{b] z gxL+ . ax'dt s] bDe sf kl/ 0ffd lbNnL ljwfg;ef s] lgjf{rg d] + lbv xL r'sf x} . cu/ df] bLnx/ k/ k|ZglrGx nug] d] + b] / gxL+ nuf tf] ox ;demgf a] xt/ xf] uf ls g] kfn eL p;L k|sf/ sL ;fdflhs ;+/ rgfjfnf b] z x} . lll

b]j]z emf

g] kfn sL ;+ljwfg ;efcf} / s] h/ Ljfn sL hLt

Eff/ t d] + x'P O; k|fGtLo lgjf{rg g] ef/ tLo nf] stGq sL ljz] iftf sf] Ps af/ k'gM : yflkt s/ lbof x} . nf] s;ef lgjf{rg s] kl/ 0ffdf] + ;] If'Aw ;d"x s] lnP ox Ps / fxt sL aft x} . ;fy xL df] bLnx/ sL : jlKgn b'lgof d] + ;f] o] x'P s] lno] gL+b ;] hfug] sf cj;/ . k/ Gt' g] kfnL / fhgLlt s] lno] ox Ps dfu{bz{s kl/ 0ffd x} .


nLnfgfy uf}td

ljrf/

cf] nL sL af] nL, ;'zLn sL ;': tL cf} / k|r08 sL wdsL s] xL cf;kf; g] kfnL / fhgLlt 3"d / xL x} . P] ;L l: ylt sa ts a/ s/ f/ / x] uL, sxf gxL+ hf ;stf . / fhgLlts cfGbf] ng sf] aRrf] + sf v] n ;demg] jfn] Pdfcf] jfbL g] t[Tj sf k|ltkIfL df] rf{ cf} / ax'dtLo cx+sf/ s] sf/ 0f u} / lhDd] jf/ ;Qfwf/ L bnf] + s] aLr tTsfn rdTsfl/ s ;xdlt xf] uL cf} / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sfo{ tLj| xf] uf, P] ;f ljZjf; ls;L sf eL gxL+ x} . P] ;L xL cj: yf d] + k|ltkIfL df] rf{ g] ckg] kxn] r/ 0f s] cfGbf] ng sf] c+hfd lbof x} . kmfu'g !^ ut] sL cfd;ef s] afb / fhgLlt d+] gof df] 8Þ cf hfPuf, P] ;f sxt] x'P k|ltkIfL df] rf{ g] v"a k|rf/ lsof yf . n] lsg ;Qfwf/ L cf} / k|ltkIfL bf] gf] + s] lnP k|tLIff sL O; 38ÞL -kmfu'g !^_ s] afb eL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof ult gxL+ n] kfO{ x} .

;Qfwf/ L u7aGwg sf kxn] ;] xL dfggf yf ls dfcf] jfbL df] rf{ åf/ f xf] g] jfnf zlQm–k|bz{g k|efjsf/ L gxL+ xf] ;s] uf . n] lsg ;Qfwf/ L u7aGwg s] cg'dfg ;] Hofbf xL nf] u v'nfd~r d] + kx'Fr] . cfGbf] ng d] + hgtf g cfg] s] sf/ 0f k|ltkIfL df] rf{ s] ;+of] hs k|r08 em's hfPFu] +, P] ;f ljZjf; s/ / x] ;Qfwf/ L u7aGwg d] + O; ;ef s] afb s'5 xnrn k} bf x'O{ x} . ;ef ;] kxn] xL jftf{ sf jftfj/ 0f lgdf{0f s/ k|ltkIfL bnf] + sf] ;ef cfof] hg s/ g] ;] / f] sg] sL kxn ;Qfwf/ L sf] s/ gL rflxP yL, n] lsg P] ;f gxL+ x'cf . Otgf xf] t] x'P eL ;Qf s] g] t[Tjstf{ g] kfnL sf+u|] ; g] s'5 lbg kxn] cf} krfl/ s ¿k d] + ;xdlt d] + xL ;+ljwfg ag] uf, P] ;f lg0f{o lsof yf . …ax'dtLo k|lqmof ;] xL ;+ljwfg ag] ufÚ, sxt] x'P p;s] lnP cf} krfl/ s ofqf z'? s/ g] jfnL sf+u|] ;, k'gM Ps sbd kL5] x6g] ;] P] ;f nutf x} ls k|ltkIfL df] rf{ ;] ;Qfwf/ L u7aGwg s'5 xb ts ;z+lst x'cf x} . n] lsg O; 36gf ;] sf+u|] ; ;+ljwfg agfg] s] lnP ;sf/ fTds x} , P] ;f ;Gb] z eL k|jflxt xf] tf x} . g] skf Pdfn] g] ceL ts O; ljifo d] + s'5 gxL+ sxf x} .

n] lsg ;eL g] tfcf] + sL / fhgLlts efif0fafhL sf d"n dd{ ;xdlt d] + xL gof ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s/ gf x} . ;xdlt s] cfwf/ d] + gof ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f xf] g] jfnf gxL+ x} cf} / ax'dtLo k|lqmof xL pko'Qm x} , sx s/ cfu] a9Þg] jfnf sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] u7aGwg s'5 xb ts nrLnf xf] gf z'e ;+s] t tf] x} n] lsg j] bf] gf] + bn ceL ts efjL / fhgLlts lbzf Sof x} < O; af/ ] d] + : ki6 gxL+ xf] kf / x] x} + .

lhtgf eL cfGbf] ng s/ n] +, dfcf] jfbL

df] rf{ s] cg';f/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;Dej gxL+ x} , O; tYo sf] dfcf] jfbL df] rf{ d] + cfa4 g] tf av"aL hfgt] x} + . cf} / sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] s] g] tf sf] eL dfn"d x} ls ax'dt s] gfd d] + ceL hf] s'5 xf] / xf x} , p;;] k"0f{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f c;Dej x} . hgcfGbf] ng s] ;xofqL bn tyf dw] z cfGbf] ng sf] cgb] vf s/ s] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s/ g] ;] ;d: of ;dfwfg gxL+ xf] ;stf, sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] åf/ f O; tYo sf] c: jLsf/ s/ g] s] sf/ 0f xL ;d: of cf} / hl6n xf] / xL x} . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP sd–;] –sd zflGt ;Demf} tf d] + x: tfIf/ stf{ bn Pdfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] z cfGbf] ng s] g] t[Tjstf{ dw] zL hgclwsf/ kmf] / d g] kfn sf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof d] + nfgf xL xf] uf . p;s] afb eL ;xdlt sf gf6s d~rg s/ ] +u] tf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;Dej gxL+ x} . cyf{t\ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP b] / –;a] / ax'dtLo k|lqmof d] + hfgf xL xf] uf . n] lsg ceL tf] ls;–ls; zlQm s] aLr

;xdlt cfjZos x} < O; af/ ] d] + ax; xL gxL+ xf] kfO{ x} . Ow/ sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] s] jt{dfg g] t[Tj d] + P] ;f bDe x} ls jx ljut s] ;eL Oltxf; sf] e"ngf rfxt] x} + . ;Qfwf/ L bn d] + ha ts P] ;f 3d08 sfod / xtf x} , ta ts ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;xh gxL+ x} .

sdhf] / L l;km{ ;Qfwf/ L bnf] + sL xL gxL+ x} . p;;] eL Hofbf sdhf] / L k|ltkIfL bn tyf df] rf{ sL t/ km ;] lbvfO{ b] / xL x} . kmfu'g !^ s] afb b";/ ] r/ 0f sf cfGbf] ng z'? xf] uf, bf] dxLg] kxn] xL ox aft sf] to kf r'sL yL . p;sf g] t[Tj Pdfcf] jfbL cWoIf tyf df] rf{ s] ;+of] hs k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08 s/ / x] x} + . s'5 hfltjfbL cf} / If] qLotfjfbL zlQm s] sxg] k/ z'? x'P O; cfGbf] ng sf] df] rf{ d] + cfa4 ;eL bn k|r08 sL OR5f d'tflas xd] zf ;fy b] +u] , O;sL sf] O{ Uof/ ] G6L gxL+ x} . oxfF ts ls k|r08 sL xL kf6L{ ;] eL O; cfGbf] ng s] lj?4 jQmJoafhL xf] / xL x} . ljz] iftM kf6L{ pkfWoIf gf/ fo0fsfhL >] i7 cfGbf] ng s] kIf d] + gxL+ x} + . kf6L{ lg0f{o xf] g] s] sf/ 0f xL j] ha/ g cfGbf] ng s] kIf d] + lbvfO{ b] t] x} + . >] i7 P] ;] JolQm x} +, hf] df3 * d] + xL ;+ljwfg nfgf rfxt] y] . O;s] lnP pgsf sxgf yf ls kms{ dt bh{ s/ s] lgwf{l/ t ltly d] + ;+ljwfg hf/ L s/ ] + . n] lsg pgsL O; aft sL kf6L{ s] cGb/ sf] O{ ;'gjfO{ gxL+ x'O{ . jt{dfg d] + kf6L{ g] t[Tj d] + hf] cfGbf] ng xf] / xf x} , p;s] k|lt eL >] i7 ;sf/ fTds gxL+ x} + . O;L t/ x kf6L{ s] b";/ ] k|efjzfnL g] tf 8f= afa'/ fd e§/ fO{ sf ljrf/ eL k|r08 ;] cnu xL x} . df3 * ;] kxn] 8f= e§/ fO{ cfGbf] ng s] kIf d] + gxL+ y] . p;s] afb xL jx k|r08 ;] xfF d] + xfF ldnf / x] x} + . ;+ljwfg s] lnP k|r08 g] cfGbf] ng gxL+ lsof x} , kf6L{ cWoIf kb xlyofg] sL / 0fgLlt s] lnP xL jx k|r08 s] ;dy{s xf] / x] x} +, P] ;f sxs/ ljZn] if0f s/ g] jfnf] + sL hdft kf6L{ s] cGb/ a8ÞL x} . O;L t/ x ceL dw] zL df] rf{ s] gfd d] + hf] ] k|r08 sf ;fy b] / x] x} +, pg d] + ;] sO{ / fhgLlts bn tyf g] tf P] ;] x} +, hf] seL eL dfcf] jfbL df] rf{ 5f] 8Þ ;st] x} + . dw] zL df] rf{ d] + cfj4 ;a ;] a8Þf bn ljhos'df/ uR5bf/ g] t[Tj sf dw] zL hgclwsf/ kmf] / d nf] stflGqs df] rf{ 5f] 8Þ / xf x} , P] ;f ;dfrf/ tf] ax't af/ cf r'sf x} .

df3 % ut] x'O{ cgf} krfl/ s ;xdlt sf] b] v] + tf] / fhgLlts bnf] + s] aLr ptgf Hofbf dtfGt/ gxL+ x} . ta eL Sof] + ;xdlt gxL+ ag kf / xL

cx+sf/ cf} / u} / lhDd] jf/ L ;] aft gxL+ ag] uL

kxrfgo'Qm ;+ljwfg s] lnP cfGbf] ng s/ g] jfn] #)

bnLo df] rf{ s] kf; P] ;f sf] O{ eL ;+o'Qm k|: tfj gxL+ x} , lh; d] + / x s/ ax; lsof hfP . Sof #) bnLo df] rf{ ;xdlt d] + Ps ;+o'Qm ;+ljwfg agf ;s] uf < ox tf] ;Dej gxL+ lbvfO{ b] tf . ta cfGbf] ng

sf p2] Zo Sof x} <


ljrf/

Pdfn] cWoIf s] kL cf] nL sf] kfun sxg] jfn] Pdfcf] jfbL cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08 sL dfgl;s : jf: Yo tf] 7Ls x} < sf] O{ k|Zg s/ ] uf tf] ox c: jfefljs gxL+ xf] uf . cf] nL s] ;DaGw d] + …k|r08 df] rf{Ú åf/ f lsof uof lg0f{o xL O; k|Zg s] lnP sfkmL x} . k|r08 sL efif0fafhL cf} / ljrf/ sf ljZn] if0f s/ ] + tf] P] ;f k|Zg p7 ;stf x} . P] ;] sO{ d'2f] + d] + ;] Ps x} , ;dfgfGt/ ;/ sf/ sf k|;+u . pGxf] +g] kmfu'g !^ s] afb ;dfgfGt/ ;/ sf/ agfg] sf lg0f{o lnof yf . sfo{stf{ k|lzIf0f s] lnP kfFry/ kx'Fr s/ pGxf] +g] ;dfgfGt/ ;/ sf/ s] k|wfgdGqL : jo+ k|r08 / xg] sL 3f] if0ff eL sL yL . ;fy d] + jif{dfg k'g sf] cy{dGqL 3f] lift lsof yf . k|r08 s] cg';f/ ;dfgfGt/ ;+ljwfg;ef eL u7g lsof hfPuf . O;s] cWoIf xfn ;+ljwfg;ef d] + pkfWoIf / xL cf] g;/ L 3tL{ sf] agfof hfPuf .

oxfF ts ls ;] gf cf} / k|x/ L sL eL ;dfgfGt/ ;+/ rgf agfg] s] ljifo sf] n] s/ df] rf{ d] + ax; x'O{ yL . n] lsg s'5 g] tfcf] + g] ;'emfj lbof ls O; t/ x ;] gf–k|x/ L s] ;dfgfGt/ ;+/ rgf agfg] ;] j} wflgs ;'/ Iff kmf} h d] + gsf/ fTds efjgf hfu[t xf] ;stL

x} cf} / efjL / fhgLlts ofqf sl7g xf] ;stL x} . p;s] afb xL k|r08 g] O; ;'emfj sf] cfTd;ft s/ t] x'P ax; : ylut lsof yf . tTsfnLg cj: yf d] + ;fj{hlgs ;dfrf/ f] + s] cg';f/ ;dfgfGt/ ;/ sf/ d] + k|r08 g] ljho uR5bf/ s] lnP u[xdGqL sf k|: tfj lsof yf tf] k/ / fi6«dGqL d] + pk] Gb| ofbj k|: tfljt y] . O;L t/ x kf;fª z] kf{, czf] s / fO{, k/ z'/ fd tfdfª, s'df/ lnª\b] g, u+uf rf} w/ L, ?lSd0fL rf} w/ L, cf] d u'?ª sf] eL dGqL kb sf k|: tfj yf .

hfg] –cghfg] d] +, rfxs/ of of g rfxt] x'P, ;+;bLo / fhgLlt s] bnbn d] + kmF; r's] Pdfcf] jfbL cWoIf k|r08 sf å} w rl/ q jiff] +{ ;] hf/ L x} . pgsL af] nL cf} / Jojxf/ d] + s'5 eL tfnd] n gxL+ lbvfO{ b] tf . ;Lldt : jfy{ s] lnP ckgL kf6L{ ;] laNs'n leGg ljrf/ wf/ f jfn] / fhgLlts bnf] + s] ;fy eL jx ;fF7ufF7 s/ t] x} + . lh; s] sf/ 0f k|r08 ;+ljwfg;ef ;] ;+ljwfg agfgf rfxt] x} of gxL+ O; ljifo sf] n] s/ ax; xf] tL x} . k|r08 ckgL efif0fafhL d] + tf] sxt] x} +–

x} . jf: tj d] + ;Qfwf/ L tyf k|ltkIfL s'5 bn s] cx+sf/ s] sf/ 0f xL ox ;a xf] / xf x} . ljz] iftM Pdfcf] jfbL cWoIf k|r08 tyf g] skf Pdfn] s] cWoIf s] kLzdf{ cf] nL s] cx+sf/ s] sf/ 0f xL / fhgLlts jftfj/ 0f lau8Þ / xf x} . Pdfcf] jfbL cWoIf k|r08 s] / fhgLlts eljio sf] hf] 8Þ s/ xf] g] jfnL ax; cf} / k|r08 sL e"ldsf eL O;s] lnP sd lhDd] bf/ gxL+ x} . dfcf] jfbL cfGbf] ng sL cfnf] rgf s/ g] jfn] ljZn] ifsf] + sL dfg] + tf] k|ltkIfL df] rf{ åf/ f z'? cfGbf] ng l;km{ k|r08 s] cx+sf/ cf} / u} / lhDd] jf/ kg sf xL gtLhf x} . pg nf] uf] + sf sxgf x} – k|r08 s] cx+sf/ s] eLt/ ckgf / fhgLlts eljio b] vg] jfn] xL pgsf ;fy b] / x] x} + .

n] lsg ;To s'5 cf} / eL x} . b] z sf] u0ftflGqs Joj: yf cf} / ;+3Lo ;+/ rgf d] + n] hfg] jfnL zlQm sf] xL cfh ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof ;] cnu xf] gf k8Þf / xf x} . jiff] {+ ;] kxrfg sf d'2f O; t/ x cfu] cf / xf x} ls p;sf ;Daf] wg lsP lagf / fhgLlts l: y/ tf c;Dej nug] nuf x} . cu/ b] z d] + dfcf] jfbL g] t[Tj d] + b; jifL{o ;z: q o'4 cf} / dw] z

cfGbf] ng gxL+ x'cf xf] tf tf] ;+3Lotf tf] b"/ sL aft, b] z d] + u0ftGq eL ;Dej gxL+ yf . n] lsg u0ftGq : yfkgf s] afb jxL zlQm cfh / fhgLlts d"nwf/ ;] cnu xf] / xL x} . tTsfnLg cj: yf d] + hgcfGbf] ng cf} / dw] z cfGbf] ng s] s§/ cnf] rs xL cfh lg0ff{os zlQm xf] / x] x} + . hf] u0ftGq cf} / ;+3Lotf s] ;"qwf/ sf] b/ lsgf/ s/ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ : jo+ xlyofgf rfxt] x} + . P] ;f nutf x} ls hgtf s] dt åf/ f xL : yflkt ox zlQm kl/ jt{gsf/ L zlQm sf] cjd"Nof+sg s/ cfu] a9Þgf rfxtL x} . xfF, k|hftGq d] + hgtf sf dt xL ;jf] {k/ L xf] tf x} . n] lsg cfh xL O; t/ x sf / fhgLlts jftfj/ 0f cf} / ;fdflhs dgf] lj1fg sf ljsf; gxL+ xf] r'sf x} , hxfF ljb|f] xL zlQm sf] cgb] vf s/ l;km{ r'gfjL kl/ 0ffd sf] xL ;j{>] i7 dtflwsf/ dfgf hfP .

n] lsg Ps aft tf] ;r x} ls k|r08 tyf k|ltkIfL df] rf{ åf/ f cfGbf] ng sL wDsL lhtgL eL bL hfP, ax';+Vos hgtf cfGbf] ng s/ g] sL d"8 d] + gxL+ lbvfO{ b] tL . kf6L{ ;dy{s s'5 sfo{stf{ sf] Ps hux hdf s/ g] ;] cfGbf] ng

;kmn gxL+ xf] ;stf x} . O;LlnP tTsfnLg cj: yf d] + jt{dfg ;Qfwf/ L u7aGwg s] lj?4 xf] g] jfn] sf] O{ eL cfGbf] ng k|efjsf/ L cf} / k|ltkmnd"ns xf] ;stf x} , O;sL Uof/ ] G6L gxL+ x} . hgcfGbf] ng s] lnP : ki6 p2] Zo cf} / dfu{bz{g xf] gf rflxP . #) bnLo df] rf{ d] + cfa4 bnf] + d] + ox gxL+ lbvfO{ b] tf . pbfx/ 0f s] lnP s'5 k|Zg x} +– cfGbf] ng/ t #) bnLo df] rf{ ls; p2] Zo s] lnP cfGbf] ng s/ / x] x} + < O; k|Zg sf 7f] ; hjfa ls;L s] kf; gxL+ x} . P] ;L cj: yf d] + cfGbf] ng s} ;] ;kmn xf] ;s] uf <

pbfx/ 0f s] lnP df] rf{ d] + cfa4 ;eL bn kxrfg ;lxt sL ;+3Lotf rfxt] x} + . n] lsg ls; t/ x sL kxrfg < hjfa d] + dt} So gxL+ x} . ^ k|b] z s] lnP cfGbf] ng lsof hfP of !) k|b] z s] lnP < Ps dw] ; k|b] z s] lnP cfGbf] ng lsof hfP of bf] dw] z k|b] z s] lnP < of ax' dw] z k|b] z s] lnP < cfGbf] n/ t df] rf{ s] eLt/ xL Og k|Zgf] + sf hjfa gxL+ x} . sd–;] –sd sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] g] tf] ;+o'Qm ¿k d] + ;+ljwfg s] lnP gof k|: tfljt vfsf ax; d] + nfof x} . n] lsg kxrfgo'Qm ;+ljwfg

k|r08 sf a8Þaf]nfkg


ljrf/;+ljwfg;ef ;] xL ;+ljwfg cfgf rflxP . n] lsg Jojxf/ d] + ;+ljwfg;ef sf] xL vfl/ h s/ g] s] lnP ;+3if{/ t df] xg j} B g] t[Tj jfnL g] skf–dfcf] jfbL s] ;fy jx df] rf{aGbL s/ t] x} + cf} / sfo{ut Pstf sL 3f] if0ff s/ t] x} + . ckgL kf6L{ s] ljrf/ cf} / l;4fGt ;] laNs'n leGg dt / vg] jfn] dw] zjfbL bnf] + s] ;fy ;xsfo{ s/ zlQm k|bz{g cf} / cfd;ef s/ t] x} + . Otgf xL gxL+, ;+3Lotf lj/ f] wL tyf / fhtGq s] ;dy{s / fk|kf g] kfn s] ;fy ldns/ cfGbf] ng s/ g] sL aft pgsL kf6L{ s] g] tfcf] + sL t/ km ;] cftL x} cf} / j] s'5 gxL+ s/ kft] .

;Qfwf/ L u7aGwg s] lj?4 k|r08 Otgf

cfqmfds xf] t] x} + ls jx Sof af] n / x] x} +, O;sf ktf : jo+ pgsf] eL gxL+ / xtf . ;dfgfGt/ ;/ sf/ agfg] sL ax; O;L d] + ;] Ps x} . kmfu'g !^ ut] s] sfo{qmd s] ;DaGw d] + x'P ljrf/ –ljdz{ cf} / cGt/ jftf{ d] + pGxf] +g] sxf x} – …ca xd goL cf} / ;dfgfGt/ ;/ sf/ agfg] hf / x] x} +, O;s] lnP t} of/ / xgf .Ú cu/ j] s] kL cf] nL sf] kfun sxt] x} + tf] Sof pgsL

O; cleJolQm d] + kfunkg gxL+ x} < k|r08 sf] Otgf tf] ktf xf] gf xL rflxP

ls ;/ sf/ ;8Þs ;] gxL+, ;+;bLo k|lqmof ;] u7g sL hftL x} . n] lsg k|r08 g] ;dfgfGt/ ;/ sf/ s] gfd d] + sfo{stf{ sf] a] js"km agfof x} . cf} / pQm ;/ sf/ sf] j} wflgstf b] g] s] lnP cGt/ f{i6«Lo ;dy{g k|fKt s/ g] sf bfjf efif0fafhL d] + k|r08 g] lsof . k|d'v k|ltkIfL bn s] g] tf ;] O; t/ x sL xf: of: kb cf} / zd{gfs aft cftL x} tf] pgsf] kfun gxL+ tf] cf} / Sof sxf hfP < ckg] g] t[Tj s] df] rf{ ;] Pdfn] cWoIf s] kLzdf{ cf] nL sf] dfgl;s ¿k d] + c: j: y xf] g] sf cf/ f] k nuft] x'P pg

s] : jf: Yo k/ LIf0f s] lnP ;/ sf/ s] ;dIf lnlvt l;kmfl/ ; s/ g] jfn] k|r08 sf] xL dfgl;s ¿k ;] aLdf/ sxgf k8Þ] uf .

Pdfn] cWoIf cf] nL sL cleJolQm d] + kfunkg x} of gxL+, ox cnu cWoog cf} / ax; sf ljifo xf] ;stf x} . n] lsg ;r d] + xL k|r08 s] cGt/ x[bo ;] xL ;8Þs cfGbf] ng s] åf/ f ;dfgfGt/ ;/ sf/ agfg] sL aft cfO{ x}

tf] ox ;rd'r lg/ f kfunkg xL x} . Sof] +ls ;z: q o'4 ;] olb sf] O{ ;Qf k/ flht xf] hftL x} tf] eL jxfF O; t/ x sL x/ st gxL+ xf] tL . zflGtk"0f{ / fhgLlts cfGbf] ng d] + tf] ox sNkgf ;] afx/ sf ljifo x} . zflGtk"0f{ xf] of lx+;fTds cfGbf] ng s] dfWod ;] cu/ sf] O{ ;Qf;Lg / fhgLlts bn sf] k/ flht lsof hftf x} tf] jxfF ljb|f] xL zlQm s] g] t[Tj d] + ;/ sf/ lgdf{0f xf] tf x} . Ps xL b] z d] + Ps xL ;do d] + bf] j} wflgs ;/ sf/ gxL+ xf] tL . n] lsg oxfF tf] ;dfgfGt/ ;/ sf/ sL aft x} . cyf{t\ k|r08 s] cg';f/ Ps xL b] z d] + bf] ;+;b cf} / ;/ sf/ ;~rfng lsof hfPuf . ;+;bLo Joj: yf c+uLsf/ s/ t] x'P k|hftflGqs d"No–dfGotf cg'¿k cfu] a9Þ / x] b] z tyf / fhgLlts Joj: yf s] lnP O; t/ x s] ljrf/ cf} / lqmofsnfk kfunkg sf gd"gf gxL+ tf] cf} / Sof x} <

kmfu'g !^ ut] sf7df+8" d] + bf] nfv sL eL8Þ hdf s/ / fhgLlts dfxf} n sf] v'b s] k|lt s] lGb|t xf] g] sf bfjf s/ t] x'P sfo{stf{ k|lzIf0f s/ g] jfn] k|r08 sL dfgl;stf oxL ;flat s/ tL x} ls j] / fhgLlts j[Q d] + x/ jQm rrf{ cf} / zlQm d] + ag] / xgf rfxt] x} + . lh;s] sf/ 0f pgs] cfnf] rs sxt] / x] x} ++ ls– O;s] lnP k|r08 hf] s'5 eL s/ g] s] lnP t} of/ xf] t] x} + . pgsL lk5nL cleJolQm sf] O;L kfunkg sf Ps gd"gf sxf hf ;stf x} .

s] lnP cfGbf] ng s/ g] jfn] #) bnLo df] rf{ s] kf; P] ;f sf] O{ eL ;+o'Qm k|: tfj gxL+ x} , lh; d] + / x s/ ax; lsof hfP . Sof #) bnLo df] rf{ ;xdlt d] + Ps ;+o'Qm ;+ljwfg agf ;s] uf < ox tf] ;Dej gxL+ lbvfO{ b] tf . ta cfGbf] ng sf p2] Zo Sof x} < ha ts Og ;jfnf] + sf 7f] ; hjfa gxL+ ldn] uf, ta ts hgtf cfGbf] ng d] + cfg] jfnL gxL+ x} . sfo{stf{ ha/ b: tL cf ;st] x} +, n] lsg p;;] cfGbf] ng ;kmn xf] uf ox gxL+ sxf hf ;stf .

b";/ L aft, kbd/ Tg t'nfw/ sf hf] hftLo df] rf{ x} , jx Psn hftLo kxrfg df+u s/ / xf x} . dw] zjfbL bn Ps dw] z k|b] z sL aft s/ t] x} + . n] lsg Pdfcf] jfbL sxtf x} – ax'kxrfg o'Qm ;+ljwfg . Ps xL df] rf{ d] + cfa4 bnf] + s] aLr OtgL 9] / ;f/ L j} rfl/ s dt–leGgtf xf] tf] cfGbf] ng s/ g] sf p2] Zo : ki6 gxL+ xf] ;stf . cu/ cfGbf] ng sf] ;kmn agfgf x} tf] dfFu cf} / gf/ f : ki6, Jofjxfl/ s Pj+ cf} lrTok"0f{ xf] gf h¿/ L x} .

#) bnLo df] rf{ d] + ;+ljwfg;ef lj36g sL df+u s/ g] jfnL / fhgLlts zlQm eL

;lDdlnt x} + . ;+ljwfg;ef s] eLt/ / x] / fhgLlts bn cf} / ;+ljwfg;ef s] lj?4 d] + / x] / fhgLlts bnf] + s] aLr df] rf{aGbL : jfefljs gxL+ xf] ;stL . ;+ljwfg;ef lj/ f] wL zlQm ;] df] rf{aGbL s/ g] s] sf/ 0f ;+ljwfg;ef sf] ;kmn agfgf x} ls c;kmn < k|Zg v8Þf xf] hftf x} . sxg] s] lnP df] rf{ s] g] tf sxt] x} +– ;+ljwfg;ef ;] ;+ljwfg agfgf rflxP . n] lsg ;+ljwfg;ef lj/ f] wL s] ;fy df] rf{aGbL s/ g] sf p2] Zo Sof x} < O{dfGfbf/ Lk"j{s O;sf hjfa b] g] s] lnP sf] O{ eL t} of/ gxL+ . P] ;] å} w rl/ q ;] cfGbf] ng ;kmn gxL+ xf] ;s] uf . O;L t/ x cfGbf] ng sf] j} wflgstf lbnfg] s] lnP cGt/ f{i6«Lo ;dy{g sL eL h¿/ t xf] tL x} . pQm cGt/ f{i6«Lo ;dy{g k|ltkIfL df] rf{ s] ;fy / x] uf, ox tf] xf] xL gxL+ ;stf . xfF ef/ t h} ;] s'5 b] zf] + g] ;xdlt d] + xL ;+ljwfg agfg] s] lnP ;'emfj lbof x} . n] lsg O;sf dtnj ox tf] gxL+ x} ls hgtf ;] lgjf{lrt cf} / ax'dt k|fKt zlQm sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] åf/ f k|: tfljt k|: tfj ;Dk"0f{ ¿k d] + unt x} + . g] kfn s] k|lt ;b\efj / vg] jfnL ;eL cGt/ f{i6«Lo zlQm sf] dfn"d

x} – g] kfn d] + dfcf] jfbL s] l;4fGt cf} / ljrf/ s] cfwf/ d] + ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;Dej gxL+ x} . : jfy{ hf] s'5 eL xf] , clwsf+z zlQm / fi6« g] kfn d] + dfcf] jfbL ljrf/ cg';f/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gxL+ rfxt] x} + . k|hftflGqs d"No–dfGotf d] + cfwfl/ t ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s/ gf x} of sDo'lgi6 bz{g sf] cfTd;ft\ < hftLo cf} / If] qLo : jfy{ sf] k|fyldstf b] gf x} of gxL+ < O; d] + s'5 ljb] zL zlQm s] Gb| s] aLr dt ljefhg xf] ;stf x} , n] lsg clGtd cj: yf d] + j] ;eL #) bnLo df] rf{ s] kIf d] + xf] g] s] ahfo sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] sf xL ;fy b] +u] . Sof] + < O;sf cnu xL ljZn] if0f agtf x} . xfF ;eL rfxt] x} – xf] ;s] tf] ;xdlt d] + xL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f xf] . n] lsg P] ;L ;bf;otf sL unt JofVof s/ s] ;xdlt sL / 6 nuft] / x] +u] tf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;Dej gxL+ x} , O; tYo sf] ;demg] s] lnP lhtgf jSt nu] uf, ptgf xL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sfo{ ljnlDat xf] tf / x] uf . O;LlnP xd ;xdlt d] + ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s/ gf rfxt] x} + tf] ls; lnP < cf} / ls;–ls; / fhgLlts zlQm s] aLr < ox : ki6 xf] gf cfjZos x} . lll

Pdfn] cWoIf cf] nL sL cleJolQm d] + kfunkg x} of gxL+, ox cnu cWoog cf} / ax; sf ljifo xf] ;stf x} . n] lsg ;r d] + xL k|r08 s] cGt/ x[bo ;] xL ;8Þs

cfGbf] ng s] åf/ f ;dfgfGt/ ;/ sf/ agfg] sL aft cfO{ x} tf] ox ;rd'r lg/ f kfunkg xL x} .


;dfrf/÷ljZn]if0f

p; kf/ t'd xf] O; kf/ x"+ d} +

s'df/ ;lRrbfgGb

g] kfn s] k|d'v k|j] z åf/ jL/ u+h d] + g] kfn–ef/ t sL v'nL ;Ldf

sL ;d: ofcf] + s] ;dfwfg sL lbzf d] + Ps 7f] ; sbd a9Þfg] s] p2] Zo ;] …ef/ t sf dxfjfl0fHo b"tfjf;Ú, jL/ u+h sL cfof] hgf d] + lålbj;Lo …g] kfn–ef/ t ;ld6, @)!%Ú : yfgLo eL: jf xf] 6n s] ;efsIf d] + ;DkGg x'cf . ef/ t cf} / g] kfn sL ;LdfPF v'nL x'O{ x} + cf} / O;sf : j¿k s} ;f xf] gf rflxP, O;] ;LdfjtL{ nf] u xL hfgt] x} + hals gLltofF / fhwfgL s] lGb|t agtL / xL+ x} + . O;lnP kxnL af/ O; t/ x sf cfof] hg ;LdfjtL{ zx/ jL/ u+h d] + lsof uof lh;d] + bf] gf] + xL b] zf] + s] pRr kb: y jt{dfg tyf lgjQ{dfg kbflwsfl/ of] + tyf hgk|ltlglwof] + sL ;xeflutf yL .

O; sfo{qmd sf pb\3f6g ef/ t sL u[x;lrj, ;Ldf k|aGwg >LdtL : g] xntf s'df/ , g] kfn d] + ef/ t s] / fhb"t / +hLt / ] , g] kfn s: 6d s] 8LhL bfdf] b/ / ] UdL, s: 6d cfo'St lszf] / Lnfn, g] kfn s] k"j{ u[x/ fHod+qL l/ hjfg c+;f/ L Pj+ dxfjfl0fHob"t >LdtL c+h" / +hg g] ;+o'St ¿k ;] bLk k|HHjlnt s/ lsof . O; j[xt\ sfo{qmd s] kl/ rofTds kxn'cf] + sf] pb\3fl6t s/ t] x'P >LdtL / +hg g] sxf ls ef/ t cf} / g] kfn ;/ sf/ f] + s] aLr pRr: t/ Lo jftf{PF xf] tL / xtL x} + . bf] gf] + b] zf] + sL ;/ sf/ hf] sfg"g agftL x} +, cfd hgtf p;] : jLsf/ s/ tL x} . seL hg: t/ sL aft gxL+ xf] tL . ox sfo{qmd jL/ u+h d] + O;lnP cfof] lht lsof uof Sof] +ls bf] ltxfO{ nf] uf] + sf g] kfn cfgf O;L / f: t] ;] xf] tf x} , ;Ldf k/ / xg] jfn] nf] u xL hfgt] x} + ls ;Ldf s} ;L xf] gL rflxP . O;lnP O; ;ld6 sf cfof] hg lsof uof ls O;s] dfWod ;] ;LdfjtL{ nf] uf] + sL cfjfh bf] gf] + b] zf] + sL ;/ sf/ f] + ts kx'Fr ;s] .

O; cfof] hg d] + ckgf ljrf/ k|s6 s/ t] x'P k"j{ u[x/ fHod+qL l/ hjfg c+;f/ L g] sxf ls ef/ t t/ SsL s/ ] ox xd rfxt] x} ] + n] lsg O; aft sf Wofg / vf hfgf rflxP ls g] kfn sL hdLg sf k|of] u ef/ t s] lj?4 g xf] . v'nL ;Ldf bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] ;DaGw sL ljz] iftf x} , O;sf k|of] u b] z lxt d] +

g] kfn cf} / ef/ t sf d} qL ;DaGw kf} / fl0fs cf} / P] ltxfl;s x} .

cu/ df] bLhL s] zAbf] + sf k|of] u s/ ] + tf] …ox ;DaGw ptgf xL k'/ fgf x} lhtgf lxdfno cf} / u+uf .Ú bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] aLr !*&@ lsnf] dL6/ sL v'nL ;Ldf x} cf} / O; v'nL ;Ldf k/ nf] s Jojxf/ P] ;f x} ls ;lAhofF Ps b] z d] + pkhtL x} + cf} / : jfb b";/ ] b] z sL hgtf n] tL x} , Aofx Ps b] z d] + xf] tf x} cf} / a} 08 afh] b";/ ] b] z s] xf] t] x} + cf} / df} t Ps b] z d] + xf] tL x} tyf zjofqf d] + b";/ ] b] z s] gful/ s zfldn xf] t] x} + . ox k/ : k/ lge{/ tf cf} / ux/ fO{ bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] aLr s] d} qL ;DaGwf] + sf] ;f} Gbo{ cf} / ult b] tL x} + .

ox ;r x} ls g] kfn cf} / ef/ t sf ;DaGw P] ltxfl;s cf} / kf} / fl0fs xf] g] s] ;fy–;fy ;f+: s[lts cf} / wfld{s eL x} . ;DaGwf] + s] O; kIf sL cu/ xd b'xfO{ b] + tf] ljzfn cfof{jQ{ s] cg] s b] z O; k/ Dk/ f sL s8ÞL xf] ;st] x} + . n] lsg ;a;] dxTjk"0f{ x} ls Jofj;flos cf} / ;fdflhs b[li6 ;] bf] gf] + b] z ux/ ] ¿k ;] h'8Þ] x} + . oxL sf/ 0f x} ls / fhg} lts : t/ k/ seL–seL g] tfcf] + sL h'afg sL s} +rL rntL x} , cfz+sfcf] + sL sfnL 5fof d] + gLltof] + sL cfTdf k|jflxt xf] tL x} . n] lsg P] ;f jxL nf] u s/ t] x} + lhgsf ;/ f] sf/ ;Lw] tf} / k/ ;Ldf ;] gxL+ x} . ;Ldf ;] h'8Þ] nf] u O;;] k|efljt tf] xf] t] du/ ;DaGwf] + sL ld7f; sfod / vg] s] lnP / f: tf cGttM 9"F9 xL n] t] x} + .

cu/ g] kfn s] kIf ;] ljrf/ s/ ] + tf] a] xt/ ;DaGwf] + sL b'xfO{ tf] bL hftL x} n] lsg ;/ sf/ sL P] ;L cfly{s gLltofF x} + ls g] kfn s] ;LdfjtL{ If] q d] + ef/ tLo d'b|f sf r/ d cefj x} . dxh 9ÞfO{ xhf/ ¿kP s] lnP nf] u 306f] + w"k ;] +st] x} + cf} /

hf] O;;] argf rfxt] x} + pgs] lnP Ps ;f} g] kfnL ¿kP s] sL sLdt dxh ;f7 ef/ tLo ¿kof dfq / x hftf x} . ef/ t s] ;LdfjtL{ If] qf] + d] + g] kfnL ¿kP sf k|rng lbgfg'lbg 36tf hf / xf x} . ;jfn x} ls cfd nf] uf] + sL ox c;'ljwf cf} / 36L x'O{ qmozlSt sf lhDd] jf/ sf} g x} cf} / Sof O;;] ofqf, lrlsT;f cflb k|efljt gxL+ xf] tL <

seL g] kfn ef/ t sL oxL v'nL ;Ldf yL hxfF hl6ntf gu0o yL . n] lsg cfh oxL ;Ldf x} hf] v'nL tf] x} n] lsg cfh O; k/ bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] ;'/ Iffan t} gft x} + . xjfnf t: s/ L, ck/ fw cf} / cft+sjfb sf lbof hf / xf x} . cfTdd+yg s/ g] sL cfjZostf x} ls ox cj: yf Sof] + cfO{ < v'nL ;Ldf k/ pkef] Stf j: t'cf] + sf qmo–ljqmo cf} / n] g–b] g ;a lbg xf] tf / xf x} . ;DaGwf] + sL O; cf8Þ d] + t: s/ lqmofzLn x} + cf} / O;sf nfe p7fs/ ck/ fwL eL ckgL / f] l6ofF ;] +s n] t] x} + . O;lnP cfh ;'/ Iffanf] + sL t} gftL k/ ;jfn p7fg] sL cj: yf gxL+ x} n] lsg Og ;'/ Iffanf] + ;] ;DaGwf] + sL O; ljz] iftf sf] b] vt] x'P cfd nf] uf] + s] ;fy k|: t't xf] g] sL ck] Iff tf] sL xL hf ;stL x} . Ps b";/ ] b] z s] gful/ sf] + sf] gLrf lbvnfg] of ckdflgt s/ g] sL k|j[lQ s] hf] ;dfrf/ obf–sbf ;+rf/ dfWodf] + d] + cft] / xt] x} + p;;] tf] argf xL xf] uf .

en] xL ck/ fwL ls;L b] z s] gful/ s Sof] + g xf] n] lsg ck/ fw sf sf] O{ b] z gxL+ xf] tf . O;lnP ls;L Ps b] z s] ck/ fwL sf] b";/ ] b] z d] + ks8Þs/ p; b] z sf] xL s738Þf d] + v8Þf s/ g] s] dgf] lj1fg sf] ls;L xfnt d] + plrt gxL+ 7x/ fof hf ;stf .

g] kfn ef/ t sL ;Ldf v'nL x} cf} / ;/ f] sf/ cgGt x} + . O;lnP ;d: ofPF eL cg] sd'vL x} + . n] lsg ;Ldf ljjfb s] Psfw laGb'cf] + sf] 5f] 8Þ b] + tf] ;d: ofPF OtgL hl6n gxL+ lh;] ;'nemfoL gxL+ hf ;stL . cfjZostf x} O{dfgbf/ L ;] O; lbzf d] + a9Þg] sL . k"jf{u|x ;] b"/ x6s/ cf} / v'n] ldhfh ;] gLltofF ag] +uL tf] ;DaGwf] + d] + ultzLntf a/ s/ f/ / x] uL . lll


;dfrf/÷ljZn]if0f

xf] gf rflxP . v'nL ;Ldf s] ;fy ;d: ofPF eL x} + n] lsg ;d: ofcf] + sf ;dfwfg b] zlxt d] + xf] gf rflxP . pGxf] +g] ckg] jStJo d] + …v'nL lv8ÞsL ljb g] 6Ú sf kmfd"{nf lbof cf} / ;Ldfcf] + k/ xf] g] jfnL cjf+l5t ultljlwof] + k/ lgo+q0f sL aft sxL . pGxf] +g] ;Ldf Joj: yfkg O; 9+u sL xf] g] sL aft sxL ls bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] gful/ sf] + sf] ;Ldf kf/ s/ g] k/ cltlyof] + h} ;f efj dx;"; xf] . ;ld6 sf] ;Daf] lwt s/ t] x'P s: 6d cfo'St lszf] / Lnfn g] sxf ls ;Ldf k/ cs] n] sfd gxL+ lsof hf ;stf . hf] eL Ph] +;L ;Ldf k/ sfd s/ / xL x} , ;as] aLr cfk;L tfnd] n sf xf] gf h¿/ L . cfk;L ;dGjo a9Þfg] s] ;fy–;fy Jofkf/ j[l4 s] lnP eL Ps ;f] r sf xf] gf cfjZos x} .

O; sfo{qmd d] + ckgf ljrf/ / vt] x'P g] kfn d] + ef/ t s] / fhb"t / +hLt / ] g] sxf ls g] kfn–ef/ t sf ;DaGw k|uf9Þ x} cf} / O;sf cfwf/ ;f+: s[lts cf} / hg;DaGw x} . Og bf] gf] + ;DaGwf] + sf cfwf/ xdf/ L v'nL ;Ldf x} . ox dxTjk"0f{ x} ls O;] lstgf k|efjL agfof hfgf rflxP . O; ;ld6 sf dxTj O; aft ;] cfFsf hf ;stf x} ls O;d] + ;lrj, ;Ldf k|aGwg ef/ t ;/ sf/ >LdtL : g] xntf s'df/ xdf/ ] ;fy x} . pGxf] +g] sxf ls v'nL ;Ldf s] sf/ 0f ljsf; x'cf x} . ef/ t s] k|wfgd+qL g/ ] Gb| df] bL sL ;/ sf/ sL k|fyldstf x} ls k8Þf] l;of] + s] ;fy a] xt/ ;DaGw xf] . O;s] lnP xfO8«f] kfj/ , cf‘on kfOk nfO{g cflb sO{ kl/ of] hgfcf] + k/ sfd xf] / xf x} . pGxf] +g] ox eL atfof ls ;Ldfcf] +

s] ;DaGw d] + seL–seL hl6ntfcf] + sf sf/ 0f s] Gb| / fHo ;DaGw eL xf] tf x} . O;s] ;dfwfg s] lnP ljb] z d+qfno d] + Ps ljefu agfof uof x} lh;;] ;Ldf sL hf] ;d: of / fHo : t/ k/ ;dfKt xf] ;stL x} p;] / fHo ;/ sf/ s] ;xof] u ;] s/ fof hfP . O;s] lnP lbNnL hfg] sL h¿/ t gxL+ . pGxf] +g] ;Ldf sf] a] xt/ agfg] s] lnP : yfgLo : t/ k/ kbflwsfl/ of] + sL a} 7s cf} / hg–;+jfb k/ an lbof .

5M ;qf] + d] + ljeflht O; sfo{qmd d] + cfk;L a+w'Tj, ko{6g, Jofkf/ , ;'/ Iff cflb If] qf] + ;] h'8ÞL ;d: ofcf] + k/ ljz] if1f] + sL / fo

hfgL uO{ . sfo{qmd s] b";/ ] lbg g] kfn ef/ t s] ko{6g k/ P= Pg= OG;6LRo"6 k6gf ;] cfP ljz] if1 k|f] = clehLt 3f] if Pj+ 8f‘= gLt" rf} w/ L s] åf/ f k|h] 06] ;g lbof uof . bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] aLr ko{6g sL / fx d] + cfg] jfnL k/ ] zflgof] + k/ k|sfz 8fnt] x'P ox ljrf/ lbof uof ls ;LdfO{ Onfs] d] + ljsf; sL sdL xf] g] s] sf/ 0f ko{6g k|efljt x'cf x} . g] kfn sL cf] / ;] ljrf/ / vt] x'P jl/ i7 kqsf/ rGb|lszf] / g] sxf ls v'nL ;Ldf s] sf/ 0f ;lbof] + ;] rnL cf / xL bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] gful/ s ;DaGwf] + sf] s'5 tTj lauf8Þg] s] lnP lqmofzLn x} + . sf7df08" cf} / lbNnL s] aLr ;DaGwf] + ;] seL–seL ox s6'tf ;tx k/ eL cfO{ x} . ox eL ljrf/ cfof ls bf] gf] + b] zf] + sL ;Ldf sL ;'/ Iff s] lnP sfd s/ / xL k'ln; sf] cGt/ f{i6«Lo dfgsf] + s] lx;fa ;] Jojxf/ s/ gf rflxP . k"j{ ljQ ;lrj, g] kfn ;/ sf/ cf/ = kL= vgfn g] ox ljrf/ lbof ls hf] eL gLlt lbNnL cf} / sf7df08" ;] agtL x} , p;] nfu" s/ g] ;] k"j{ ox hfggf h¿/ L x} ls o] gLltofF hg: t/ k/ lstgf k|f;+lus x} .

sfo{qmd s] c+t d] + dxfjfl0fHob"t c+h" / +hg g] k"/ ] ;ld6 k/ ckgL / fo / vt] x'P O;d] + cfO{ aftf] + k/ k|zf;lgs / fo agfg] sL aft sxL . O; sfo{qmd d] + ljb] z d+qfno s] ;+o'St ;lrj ceo 7fs'/ , n} +8kf] 6{ cf‘yl/ 6L s] r] o/ d] g jfO P; z] / fjt, pBf] u lgb] zs laxf/ , cf/ nId0f, k;f{ lhnf s] k"j{ k|d'v lhnflwsf/ L s} nfz s'df/ jlhdo, g] kfn ;z: q k|x/ L s] 8LcfO{hL / fd z/ 0f kf} 8] n, P;P;aL s] 8LcfOhL 8L= s] = l;Gxf, P;P;kL / d] zk|;fb v/ ] n, P;kL dgf] h Gof} kfg] , pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3 s] k|bLk s] l8of, ef/ t g] kfn d} qL ;+3 s] cWoIf cf] dk|sfz ;/ fjuL, ljb] z dfdnf] + s] ljz] if1 nf] s/ fh a/ fn, ;ef;b ;'/ ] Gb| rf} w/ L, k"j{ ;ef;b cho rf} / l;of, cho låj] bL cflb g] eL ckg] ljrf/ JoSt lsP .

s'n ldnfs/ ox Ps j[xt\ cf} / ;kmn cfof] hg yf, lh;d] + ax'sf] 0fLo cf} / ax'cfoflds ¿k ;] ;Ldf ;] h'8ÞL ;d: ofcf] + sf ;dfwfg 9"F9g] sf k|of; lsof uof . O; b[li6 ;] ox Ps P] ltxfl;s cfof] hg / xf Sof] +ls O; t/ x s] k|of; g] kfn d] + kxn] gxL+ x'P y] . n] lsg O;] k/ +k/ f sL z'?cft dfgL hfgL rflxP . O;sL ;kmntf ox x} ls bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] l/ Ztf] + sL cxldot sf] ;demt] x'P j[xt\ k} dfg] k/ ljrf/ d+yg x'cf . n] lsg ;a;] a8ÞL ;kmntf ox xf] uL ls O;d] + k|fKt lgisiff] {+ sf] hdLg k/ ptf/ f hfP . lll

jL/ u+h d] + g] kfn ef/ t af] 8{/ ;ld6

cfof] hg d] + p7Lb; dxTjk"0f{ dfFu

/ S;f} n sf] : df6{ l;6L agfof hfgf rflxP .

/ S;f} n sf] hfd cf} / w"n sL ;d: of ;] d'lSt ldngL rflxP .

abL{wf/ L sf] l;ljn / j} of ckgfg] sL dfFu .

/ S;f} n ;] ;'k/ kmf: 6 6«] g sL dfFu .

jL/ u+h 8«fO{kf] 6{ ts ;jf/ L 6«] g rnfg] sL dfFu .

/ S;f} n / ] nj] sf‘l;+u k/ cf] j/ lj|h sL dfFu .

6«] 8 Pj+ 6«f+lh6 gLlt sf] l/ jfOh s/ g] sL dfFu .

: yfgLo : t/ k/ bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] clwsfl/ of] + sL lgoldt a} 7s sL dfFu .

bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] s: 6d s] o"gLkmfd{ sL dfFu .


cGt/jftf{÷:jf:Yo

) g] kfn s] ;eL c: ktfn d] + ox ;'ljwf x} <– g] kfn s] k|foM ;eL c: ktfn d] + lkmlhof] y] / fkL ;] jf pknAw x} .

oxfF ts ls zx/ s] ;fdfGo lSnlgs d] + eL ls;L g ls;L k|sf/ sL lkmlhof] y] / fkL ;] jf pknAw xf] tL x} . sxL+ Dofg'cn y] / fkL s] gfd d] + tf] sxL+ n] h/ y] / fkL s] gfd d] + pkrf/ lsof hftf x} . ls;L eL gfd d] + xf] , n] lsg ox lkmlhof] y] / fkL sf xL Ps kf6{ x} .) ls; t/ x s] / f] u s] lnP lkmlhof] y] / fkL k|efjsf/ L / xtf x} <

– ljz] iftM x•L cf} / p; sL ufF7 tyf gzf ;DaGwL ;d: of s] lnP tf] lkmlhof] y] / fkL xL ;a;] pQd x} . n] lsg ca ox O; d] + xL ;Lldt gxL+ x} . ;eL k|sf/ sL : jf: y ;d: of ;dfwfg s] lnP lkmlhof] y] / fkL k|efjsf/ L xf] / xf x} . oxfF ts ls cfu s] hng ;] x'P 3fj d] + eL lkmlhof] y] / fkL sfd s/ tf x} . ef} lts tyf dfgl;s ¿k d] + afnaflnsf sf] ck+u xf] g] ;] arfg] s] lnP eL O;sf k|of] u xf] tf x} . O;L t/ x k|;"lt, s} +;/ , gfs–sfg–unf ;DaGwL ;d: of, x[bo / f] u cflb d] + eL lkmlhof] y] / fkL pko'Qm pkrf/ ljlw ;flat xf] / xL x} . ) ls; k|sf/ s] aLdf/ lkmlhof] y] / fkL s] lnP cft] x} + <

– ;fdfGotM ;eL / f] luof] s] lnP lkmlhof] y] / fkL cfjZos k8Þ ;stf x} . n] lsg oxfF r] tgf sf cefj x} . O;LlnP hf] JolQm cf} ifwL pkrf/ ;] ys hft] x} +, j} ;] nf] u xL O; pkrf/ k4lt ;] h'8Þt] x} + . ha pgs] lnP cf} ifwL cf} / a8Þ] –a8Þ] 8fS6/ km] n xf] hft] x} +, jxL nf] u Ps af/ lkmlhof] y] / fkL eL s/ n] +, sxt] x'P cft] x} + . cf} / : j: y xf] s/ 3/ nf} 6t] x} + . O;sf dtnj P] ;f gxL+ ;dem] + ls ;eL 8fS6/ cf} / bjf a] sf/ x} . n] lsg 8fS6/ sL bjf s] ;fy–;fy lkmlhof] y] / fkL sf] eL ckgfP+u] tf] / f] u ;] hNbL 5'6sf/ f ldn ;stf x} . ) ;j{;fwf/ 0f nf] u ;demt] x} ls lkmlhof] y] / fkL tf] zf/ Ll/ s Jofofd cf} / of] uf ;dfg x} , Sof P] ;f ;demgf ;xL x} <

– ljNs'n unt ;f] r x} . xfF, : jf: Yo s] lnP zf/ Ll/ s kl/ >d, Jofofd tyf of] uf nfebfos xf] tf x} . n] lsg lkmlhof] y] / fkL sf dtnj l;km{ zf/ Ll/ s Jofofd cf} / of] uf gxL+ x} . lkmlhof] y] / fkL tf] lrlsT;f lj1fg åf/ f k|dfl0ft cnu ls: d sL pkrf/ k4lt x} , lh; sf] ljZj : jf: Yo ;+u7g -8An'Prcf] _ g] eL k|df0fLs/ 0f lsof x} . Jofofd cf} / of] uf / f] uf] + ;] arg] s] lnP lsof hftf x} , dfgl;s cf} / zf/ Ll/ s ¿k

hf] bjf ;] 7Ls g xf] , lkmlhof] y] / fkL p; / f] u sf] 7Ls s/ ;stL x}

8f= cd/ ] Gb| emf, lkmlhof] y] / flk: 6

z/ Ll/ s tyf dfgl;s : jf: Yo s] gfd d] + dlg{ªjfs, Jofofd cf} / of] uf s/ g] jfnf] + sL hdft cfh zx/ d] + a9Þ / xL x} . n] lsg lrlsT;f lj1fg åf/ f k|dfl0ft cf} / zf/ Ll/ s Jofod ;] ldntL–h'ntL lrlsT;f k4lt lkmlhof] y] / fkL s] af/ ] d] + sd xL nf] u hfgt] x} + . ax'tf] + sf] nutf x} ls lkmlhof] y] / fkL cf} / zf/ Ll/ s Jofod bf] gf] + Ps xL h} ;] x} + . n] lsg lkmlhof] y] / flk: 6 8f= cd/ ] Gb| emf sxt] x} +– P] ;f ;demgf unt xf] uf . ta Sof x} lkmlhof] y] / fkL < cNfsf c: ktfn hfjnfv] n cf} / lzjHof] lt c: ktfn aNv' d] + sfo{/ t lkmlhof] y] / flki6 8f= emf s] ;fy lxdflngL k|ltlglw nLnfgfy uf} td g] aftrLt sL x} . k|: t't x} – aftrLt sf ;Dkflbt c+zM–

) lh1f;' ;j{;fwf/ 0f sf] cfk s} ;] ;demfPF+u] , lkmlhof] y] / fkL Sof x} <

– lkmlhof] y] / fkL Ps ;fdfGo pkrf/ k4lt x} . n] lsg O;s] dfWod ;] hl6n ;] hl6n / f] uf] + sf eL pkrf/ ;Dej / xtf x} . g] kfn d] + O; ljlw sf k|of] u #) jif{ kxn] jL/ c: ktfn ;] z'? x'cf yf . gl;{ª k[i7e"ld s] s'5 JolQmof] + sf] ;fdfGo tfnLd b] s/ O;] z'? lsof uof yf . lh; g] ceL j[xt ¿k n] r'sf x} . cd] l/ sf d] + cyf] {k] l8s ljifo d] + cWoog s/ g] kfn jfk; cfP 8f= Hjfnf/ fh kf08] g] g] kfn d+] O; pkrf/ k4lt sL z'?cft sL yL . ef/ t d] + s/ La #$ ;fn kxn] ;g\ !(*! ;] ox pkrf/ k4lt k|rng d] + x} . ljz] iftM lkmlhof] y] / fkL pkrf/ k4lt d] + x•L, ufF7, cf} / g; ;DaGwL ;d: of jfn] JolQm sf pkrf/ lsof hftf x} . n] lsg lkmlhof] y] / fkL l;km{ O;L d] + ;Lldt gxL+ x} . : qL sL k|;"lt ;DaGwL ;d: of d] + eL ox k|efjsf/ L xf] tf x} . O;L t/ x j[4–j[4f, afnaflnsf cf} / ck+u JolQmof] + sf eL xd lkmlhof] y] / fkL ;] ;kmn pkrf/ s/ t] x} + . n] lsg Og ;eL s] lnP cnu–cnu pkrf/ ljlw / xtL x} . z/ L/ s] ljleGg c+u d] + x'P ;+qmd0f tyf rf] 6–k6s sf eL lkmlhof] y] / fkL s] dfWod ;] pkrf/ lsof hftf x} .


d] + lkm6 / xg] s] lnP lsof hftf x} . n] lsg lkmlhof] y] / fkL / f] uf] + ;] kLl8Þt JolQmof] + s] lnP x} . O;LlnP zf/ Ll/ s Jofofd xL ;xL, ox of] uf gxL+ x} . O;sf ckgf cnu xL dxTj cf} / ljz] iftf x} . / f] u cf} / c+u s] cg';f/ ljz] if1 xf] t] x} +, x/ ] s / f] u cf} / c+u s] lnP cnu–cnu pkrf/ k4lt xf] tL x} . O;LlnP Jofofd cf} / lkmlhof] y] / fkL laNs'n cnu ljifo x} + .

aLdf/ JolQm sL ef} lts ;+/ rgf cf} / ;d: of cg';f/ pkrf/ k4lt s} ;L xf] , O; d] + vofn s/ gf k8Þtf x} . ;a;] kxn] aLdf/ nf] u sf] lkmlhsn l/ xflan] ;g sf bfloTj / xtf x} . ;fdfGotM O; d] + ls;L eL k|sf/ sL d] l;g sf k|of] u gxL+ lsof hftf . lh; sf] xd nf] u Dofg'cn y] / fkL eL sx ;st] x} + . b";/ f On] S6«f] y] / fkL xf] tf x} . hxfF ljleGg pks/ 0f s] dfWod ;] aLdf/ z/ L/ tyf c+u d] + ljB't k|jfx lsof hftf x} . tL;/ f, xfO8«f] y] / fkL xf] tf x} . hxfF kfgL cflb cGo ;xof] uL ;fdu|L s] dfWod ;] eL pkrf/ lsof hftf x} . ) lkmlhof] y] / fkL ;DaGwL pkrf/ s] ;DaGw d] + ;j{;fwf/ 0f Sof sxt] x} + <

– d] / ] vofn d] + sf7df+8" pkTosf d] + nueu &) k|ltzt JolQm lkmlhof] y] / fkL s] af/ ] d] + hfgt] x} + . n] lsg pkTosf s] afx/ P] ;L cj: yf gxL+ x} . jxfF ax't nf] u lkmlhof] y] / fkL Sof x} <, s'5 eL gxL+ hfgt] x} + . O;LlnP oxfF hgr] tgf sL h¿/ t x} . Ps aft tf] ;r x} ls ha a8Þ] –a8] Þ c: ktfn cf} / 8fS6/ ;] ldng] s] afb eL / f] u h} ;f sf t} ;f xL / xtf x} , ta P] ;] nf] u lkmlhof] y] / fkL s] dfWod ;] : j: y xf] s/ hft] x} +, P] ;] xL nf] u O; pkrf/ k4lt s] af/ ] d] + k|rf/ s/ / x] x} + . ) lkmlhof] y] / fkL ;DaGwL ;/ sf/ L gLlt Sof x} <

– gLlt d] + tf] ;eL c: ktfnf] + d] + lkmlhof] y] / fkL clgjfo{ x} . n] lsg : jf: Yo ;DaGwL @$ ;fn k'/ fg] sfg"g s] sf/ 0f ox k|efjsf/ L gxL+ ag kfof x} . @$ ;fn d] + g] kfn sL hg;+Vof sxfF ;] sxfF kx'Fr r'sL x} , ljleGg go] / f] u cf} / ;d: of cf / x] x} , pkrf/ d] + eL goL–goL k4lt sf ljsf; xf] r'sf x} , n] lsg : jf: Yo gLlt jxL k'/ fgL x} . lh; s] rnt] pkrf/ ljlw cf} / Joj: yfkg k|efjsf/ L gxL+ xf] kf / xf x} . pbfx/ 0f s] lnP d} + lh; c: ktfn d] + sfo{/ t x"F, oxfF k|fKt ljz] if1 cf} / pkrf/ ;'ljwf ;/ sf/ L jL/ c: ktfn d] + gxL+ x} . cf} / hf] jL/ c: ktfn d] + x} , jx cGoq gxL+ x} . ;/ sf/ L gLlt–lgodf] + s]

sf/ 0f xL ;fdfGo pkrf/ ljlw cf} / pks/ 0f ;] ;/ sf/ L c: ktfn jl~rt xf] / xf x} . O; dfdn] d] + k|fOj] 6 If] q cfu] a9Þ / xf x} . lkmlhof] y] / fkL cf} / bogLo cj: yf d] + x} . ;/ sf/ L c: ktfnf] + d] + bIf lrlsT;s sf x/ ;do cefj xL / xtf x} . jxfF bIftfljxLg JolQm lkmlhof] y] / flk: 6 / xt] x} + . ) sxL+ hgzlQm s] cefj d] + tf] P] ;f gxL+ xf] / xf x} <

– gxL+, hgzlQm tf] sfkmL x} . bIf hgzlQm sfd lagf e6s / x] x+} . n] lsg c: ktfnf] + sL a] 8 ;+Vof s] cfwf/ d] + lhtg] lkmlhof] y] / flk: 6 xf] g] rflxP y] , ptg] gxL+ x+} . sfg'g sf cefj cf} / Joj: yfksLo sdhf] / L s] sf/ 0f ox ;a xf] / xf x} . cf} / ;fdfGo tfnLd k|fKt JolQm xL lkmlhof] y] / flk: 6 s] ¿k d] + sfd s/ t] x} + . lkmlhof] y] / fkL d] + g] kfn d] + ts/ Lag * ;f} ;+Vof sL hgzlQm x} , ox sfkmL x} . n] lsg pg nf] uf] + sf Joj: yfkg gxL+ xf] kf / xf x} . ) Sof g] kfn ;] xL lkmlhof] y] / fkL ;DaGwL bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg xf] ;st] x} + <

– ceL ts g] kfn d] + lhtg] eL lkmlhof] y] / flk: 6 x} +, p; d] + ;] nueu (( k|ltzt k8Þf] ;L b] z ef/ t ;] t} of/ xf] s/ cfP x} + . afFsL ! k|ltzt g] cGo b] zf] + ;] ljz] if1tf xfl;n sL x} . n] lsg O; jif{ -;g\ @)!% hgj/ L_ ;] g] kfn ;] eL lkmlhof] y] / fkL ;DaGwL bIf hgzlQm pTkflbt xf] / xL x} . cf} / oxfF eL cf} krfl/ s cWog–cWofkg z'? lsof uof x} . sf7df+8" o'lgel;{6L, w'lnv] n -sfe|] _ g] Ps dxLgf kxn] xL df: 6/ n] en sf kxnf a} r pTkfbg lsof x} . p;L o'lgel;{6L g] kfFr ;fn kxn] l8Knf] df tx s] cf7 a} r t} of/ lsP y] . O;LlnP ca tf] xdf/ ] b] z d] + xL lkmlhof] y] / flk: 6 pTkfbg xf] g] nuf x} . Ps] 8] lds lx;fa s] cg';f/ O;;] kxn] sf] O{ eL P] ;L ;+: yf gxL+ x} , hf] lkmlhof] y] / flk: 6 ;DaGwL hgzlQm pTkfbg s/ ] . n] lsg ca eL df: 6/ n] en ;] cfu] k9Þgf x} tf] p;s] lnP ef/ t xL hfgf k8Þtf x} . lll

cGt/jftf{÷:jf:Yo


JolQmTj

dfg dxGy sf} znlszf] / bf; hL s] cToGt lgs6 cf} / lk|o lzio >L huGgfy bf; hL lj=;+= @)%$ d] + dl6xfgL j} i0fj kL7 s] ul/ dfdo dxGy s] kb k/ cf;Lg x'P . dxfTdf huGgfy bf; hL dl6xfgL j} i0fj kL7 s] af/ xj] + dxGy x} + . Ogsf hGd k'; dxLgf d] + @))* d] + x'cf . OgsL dfF ;'s'df/ L emf cf} / lktf >L b] jgf/ fo0f emf x} + . g] kfn cf} / ef/ t Og bf] gf] + b] zf] + d] + OGxf] +g] lzIff k|fKt sL . dl6xfgL ;] dxGy sf c6"6 ;DaGw x} . hfgsL ljjfx x] t' j] bL lgdf{0f s] lnP d[Tvgf gfds dl6xfgL ;/ f] j/ d] + Ogs] cys k|of; ;] d[lQsf vgg sf z'e sfo{ @)%$ ;fn dfu{ !% ut] cdfj: of ltly sf] ;';DkGg x'cf . ox sfo{ ;f+: s[lts cf} / P] ltxfl;s

b[li6 ;] tf] dxTjk"0f{ x} xL kf} / fl0fs b[li6 ;] eL cToGt : d/ 0ffTds x} hf] ;b} j ;'j0f{ cj;/ s] ¿k d] + ofb lsof hfPuf cf} / q] tf o'u sf : d/ 0f lbnftf / x] uf .

dxGy huGgfy bf; hL cToGt ;/ n ljgd| Pjd\ d[b'efifL x} + . ljgd|tf xL OgsL ckgL ljz] if kxrfg x} . cfkg] ckgf hLjg nIdLgf/ fo0f s] r/ 0ff] + d] + ;dlk{t s/ lbof x} . s] jn wfld{s xL gxL+ cGo If] qf] + d] + eL Ogsf of] ubfg clj: d/ 0fLo x} . o] sdhf] / cf} / lk58Þ] ju{ sL ;xfotf x] t' ;b} j tTk/ / xt] x} + . k/ f] ksf/ Ogs] hLjg sf d"nd+q x} .

dl6xfgL d] + k|fKt nfn df] x/ Og dxGtf] + sL dxQf cf} / pRrtf sf] bzf{tf x} . dxGyf] +

s] gfd s] cfu] >L !)* nut] x} + hf] ckg] cfk d] + cToGt dxTjk"0f{ cf} / cfb/ 0fLo x} . dsdfgL / fhf Pj+ cGo / fhfcf] + åf/ f ox ;j{;Ddt : jLsfo{ x} ls dl6xfgL s] ljifo d] + sf] O{ cf/ f] k–k|Tof/ f] k g lsof hfo .

dxGy s] cToGt pRr cf} / cfbz{ kb sf] / fhfcf] + g] ;x[botf s] ;fy : jLsf/ lsof Pjd\ >4fk"j{s ckgL ;DklQ k|bfg sL h} ;] , !*)#, !*)$ s] nfn df] x/ , lj/ hL gbL s] p; kf/ sL s'6L sf nfndf] x/ sf tfd|kq . ef] 6 kf08] sf tfd|kq, s'cfF : yfg sf tfd|kq .

lj=;++=!(^) s] clen] v s] cg';f/ yfkfynL Pj+ z+vd"n s] cltl/ St cGo j} i0fj d7 dlGb/ pQ/ flwsf/ L s] cefj d] + dl6xfgL ;] Joj: yf xf] g] s] pk/ fGt xL ;d: t sfo{ sf ;+rfng xf] tf x} . dl6xfgL cf} / dxGy Ps b";/ ] s] k"/ s x} + . lh; k|sf/ eujfg s] lagf eSt cf} / eSt s] lagf eujfg cw"/ f xf] tf x} , p;L k|sf/ dl6xfgL s] lagf dxGy cf} / dxGy s] lagf dl6xfgL cw"/ f x} .

dl6xfgL ;+tf] + sL ;fwgf e"ld x} , tf] ljåfgf] + sL tkf] e"ld . oxfF sf dxfTDo csygLo x} . oxfF sL ld§L ;b} j d: ts k/ wf/ 0f s/ g] of] Uo x} . ox : yfg ldlynf s] d'Vo tLy{ s] ¿k d] + ;asf dg cfslif{t s/ tf x} . ox : yfg k+rsf] zL kl/ qmdf s] txt cftf x} . oxfF s] nfuf] + sL ox dfGotf x} ls oxL+ sL ld§L ;] ;Ltf hL sf d6sf] / x'cf yf, hf] ljjfx ;DkGg x] t' cToGt cfjZos cf} / z'e sfo{ dfgf hftf x} . ctM hut\ hggL ;Ltf hL s] ljjfx sfo{ d] + hxfF sL ld§L sf k|of] u x'cf xf] p; : yfg s] j0f{g x] t' zAb cToGt sd x} + cf} / efj cToGt clws . P] ;f k|tLt xf] tf x} h} ;] O;L sf/ 0f nIdLgf/ fo0f sf] O; e"ld ;] df] x xf] uof

cf} / j] ;bf s] lnP oxL+ lj/ fhdfg xf] uP . O; dlGb/ d] + ;b} j ehg sLt{g sf cfof] hg xf] tf / xtf x} . k/ d >4] o dfg dxGy xd] zf d7 sf] ;'Jojl: yt 9+u ;] ;+rflnt s/ g] d] + tTk/ / xt] x} + . O{Zj/ cf/ fwgf cf} / k/ f] ksf/ Ogs] hLjg sf d"n wd{ x} cf} / oxL Ogsf ;f] kfg x} . >L nIdLgf/ fo0f dlGb/ sf lgdf{0f dsjfgk'/ s] / fhf x] ds0f{ g] lj=;+= !*() d] + lsof Pj+ dfg dxGy j} zfnL bf; hL sf] tfd|kq d] + pNn] v cg';f/ !%) aL3f hdLg k|bfg lsof yf . O;;] d7 cf} / dxGy s] k|lt >4f efj sf ktf rntf x} . O;L ;Gbe{ d] + dxGy hL ;] s'5 ;jfn k"5] uP–) cfh s] ;Gbe{ d] + wd{ sf Sof dxTj x} <

– wd{ gxL+ / x] uf tf] hLj hut k|f0fL ;asf argf c;Dej x} . xdf/ ] k"j{h lh; ;Eotf cf} / ;+: s[lt sf] ckgft] x} +, p;s] ;+/ If0f cf} / ljsf; d] + xd ckgf hLjg Gof] 5fj/ s/ b] + oxL wd{ sf d"nd+q x} . k"j{hf] + åf/ f rnfP uP dfu{ sf] xd ckgfPF p;L / f: t] k/ rn] + oxL xdf/ f k/ d wd{ x} O; aft sf] cu/ ckgf lnof hfo tf] wd{ sf dxTj cfh s] ;Gbe{ d] + ;+hLjgL sf sfd s/ ] uf . cfh hf] eo, qf;, cft+s km} nf x} ;a ld6 hfPuf . wd{ s] ^ nIf0f x} +– ;To, O{dfgbf/ L, ;+tf] if, dftf lktf sf] O{Zj/ dfggf, cltly sf cfb/ s/ gf Pjd\ u'? sf] O{Zj/ ;] a9Þs/ dfggf . olb Og ;eL aftf] + sf] hLjg d] + cfTd;ft\ s/ lnof hfo tf] ;d: t dfgj hLjg ;'v, zflGt cf} / ;d[l4 ;] k"0f{ xf] uf cf} / wd{ sf 8+sf rf/ f] + cf] / ahg] nu] uf .) dxGy sL Sof e"ldsf x} <

– dxGy agg] s] lnP ;a;] kxn] ;dk{0f sL efjgf xf] gL rflxP . u/ La cf} / ;Gtf] + s] k|lt ;] jf efj xf] gf rflxP . eljio d] + u/ La, ;Gt, d7 dlGb/ d] + hf] ;] jf s/ ] rf} wf/ f afguL– / ;f] O{, k"hf, emf8", rf} sf at{g s/ ] jxL lgk'0f dxGy xf] ;stf x} . hf] / ] vb] v d] + lgk'0f xf] cf} / hf] lgoldt ¿k ;] rl/ qjfg xf] s/ a} 7 ;stf x} , jxL dxGy s] of] Uo x} . ) cfWoflTds zlSt s} ;] dfgj hLjg sf] ;kmn agftL x} <

– cfWoflTds zlSt k|To] s dfgj s] hLjg sf] ;kmn agftL x} cf} / k|ult s] ky k/ n] hftL x} Sof] +ls ha sf] O{ JolSt cWofTd ;] h'8Þ hftf x} tf] ;] jf xL p;sf d"n wd{ xf] hftf x} cf} / pksf/ xL p;sf d"n sd{ xf] hftf x} . lll

k"gd emf

>L !)* dfg dxGy huGgfy bf; hL cf} / pgsf dl6xfgL ;f] kfg

dl6xfgL d] + k|fKt nfn df] x/ Og dxGtf] + sL dxQf

cf} / pRrtf sf] bzf{tf x} . dxGyf] + s] gfd s] cfu]

>L !)* nut] x} + hf] ckg] cfk d] + cToGt dxTjk"0f{

cf} / cfb/ 0fLo x} . dsdfgL / fhf Pj+ cGo / fhfcf] +

åf/ f ox ;j{;Ddt : jLsfo{ x} ls dl6xfgL s] ljifo

d] + sf] O{ cf/ f] k–k|Tof/ f] k g lsof hfo .


cWofTd

cfk ckgL lgDg l: ylt sf] hf] cfk s] jz sL aft gxL+ x} , b";/ f+] sL cR5L l: ylt ;] ldnfs/ xLgTj sL efjgf sf cg'ej s/ / x] x} + . ;Dej x} , pgsL ;d[l4 sf sf] O{ P] ;f u'Kt sf/ 0f xf] , hf] cfk s] jz sL aft gxL+ x} . cg] s u'Kt sf/ 0ff] + ;] rnL cftL x'O{ p; ;d'Ggt l: ylt ;] t'ngf d] + cfk ckg] sf] ;fwf/ 0f kfs/ b'MvL xf] / x] x} + . t'ngf s/ g] d] + cfk pgsL s] jn cR5fO{–xL–cR5fO{ sf] tyf ckg] hLjg sL a'/ fO{ xL a'/ fO{ sf] b] v / x] x} + . cfk sf lg0f{o Ps kIfLo x} .

b";/ ] sf wg cfk sf] a9Þ–r9Þs/ lbvtf x} tf] ckgL u/ LaL d] + cefj xL cefj gh/ cftf x} . b";/ ] s] ;fwf/ 0f : jf: Yo d] + eL cfk sf] kxnjfg bLvtf x} .

b";/ ] sL ;fwf/ 0f ;L kTgL d] + cfk pRr sf] l6 sf ;f} Gbo{, gjLgtf, ck"j{ cfsif{0f b] vs/ d'Uw xf] p7t] x} +, tf] ckgL zLn–u'0f ;DkGg, ;tL;fWjL, wd{kTgL d] + k"mx8Þkg, clzIff cf} / d"v{tf b] vt] x} + . p;s] åf/ f agfP x'P ef] hg, ;kmfO{, lzi6frf/ , af] nrfn d] + cfk sf] sf] O{ ljz] iftf b[li6uf] r/ gxL+ xf] tL .

ckgf k] zf cfk sf] ;a;] a'/ f, gL/ ;

cf} / >d;fWo k|tLt xf] tf x} . ls+t' b";/ f] + s] s7f] / k] z] eL ax't cR5] , cfdbgL ;] kl/ k"0f{ cf} / cf/ fdbfos nut] x} + .

;+If] k d] + sxf hfP tf] b";/ f] sf] dfkb08 ;] gfkt] cf} / b'MvL xf] t] / xt] x} , cefj cf} / O{iof{ sL clUgof] + d] + lg/ Gt/ bUw xf] t] / xt] x} + .

jf: tj d] + x/ b[li6 ;] k"0f{, ;+;f/ d] + sf] O{ eL gxL+ x} . kz'–k+IfL sL6–kt+u, dg'io ;eL d] + Ps ;'Gb/ tf of u'0f x} tf] sO{ cju'0f eL x} + . df] / lstgf ;'Gb/ k+IfL x} . p;s] ;'Gb/ / +uf] + sf] b] v s/ dg cgfof; xL k|;Gg xf] p7tf x} . ls+t' tlgs p;s] kfFj b] lvP, lstg] u+b] cf} / s'¿k xf] t] x} + . af/ xl;+u] s] ;L+u lstg] cR5] dfn"d xf] t] x} +, k/ jx s} ;f b'a{n xf] tf x} . xfyL sL rfn zfgbf/ x} , k/ p;sf cfn: o lgGbgLo x} .

O;L k|sf/ k|To] s dg'io d] + eL sf] O{ g sf] O{ cefj x} . Ps cR5fO{ x} tf] bf] a'/ fOofF eL x} + . k"0f{ ¿k d] + ;'Gb/ cf} / pkof] uL sf] O{ gxL+ x} . sxL+–g–sxL cw"/ fkg x} , ck"0f{tf x} . hLjg sf ky ;dtn e"ld gxL+ x} . sxL+ p; d] + ;kf6 e"ld x} tf] sxL+ s+s8–kTy/ , sfF6] lav/ ] x'P x} + . sxL+ k'ikf] + ;] o'Qm ;'Gb/ , ;'ulGwt x/ ] –e/ ] j[If x} + tf] sxL+ sfF6f] ;] e/ ] aLx8Þ h+un eL x+} . sxL+ sl7gfOof] F s] b'n{+£o kj{t x} + tf] sxL+ ;'v–;'ljwf–k|lti7f s] ;'Gb/ / d0fLs b[Zo eL x} + . cfk ckg] ;b\u'0ff] +, ;Tk|j[lQof] + sf] b] lvP cf} / p;L lbzf d] + ckgf ljsf; sLlhP .

cw"/ fkg, cefj tyf czflGt b"/ s/ g] s] lnP cfk ckg] ;] gLr] jfnf] + sL l: ylt d] + ckgL t'ngf sLlhP . pg;] t'ngf s/ g] k/ cfk sf] ckgL zlQmof] +, ;'ljwfcf] + cf} / cR5fOof] + sf 1fg xf] ;stf x} . cfk s] efUo d] + pRrtd zlQmofF cfO{ x} + . Ogs] lnP k/ d lktf k/ d] Zj/ sf] wGojfb b] t] x'P cfu] a9Þg] ljsl;t xf] g] lnP lg/ Gt/ ;+3if{ sLlhP .

if8\ bf] iffM k'?if] 0f] x xftJof e"ltldR5tf .lgb|f tGb|f eo+ qmf] w+ cfn: o+ bL3{;"qtf ..cyf{t\, pGglt rfxg] jfn] dg'io sf] lgb|f,

tGb|f, eo, qmf] w, cfn: o cf} / bL3{;"qtf Og 5M bf] iff] + sf Tofu s/ b] gf rflxP . lll

cfksf cefjcf} / cw"/ fkg

/jLGb| emf ‘z+s/’

k|fo] 0f ;fu|oljwf} u'0ffgf+k/ fª\d'vL ljZj;[hM k|j[lQ ÛÛcyf{t\, a|XdfhL sf : jefj ;a u'0ff] + sf]

Ps xL : yfg d] + Psq s/ g] s] lj?4 x} – j] sxL+ s'5 / rt] x} + tf] sxL+ s'5 .

cfk s] hLjg d] + ct[lKt, cefj Pj+ c;Gtf] if pTkGg xf] ] g] sf Ps sf/ 0f ox x} ls cfk ckgL l: ylt cf} / hLjg sL, ckg] u'0f of cefjf] + sL b";/ f] + ;] ljz] iftM ckg] ;] cR5L ;fdflhs cf} / cfly{s l: ylt Pj+ clws of] Uotf jfnf] + ;] tyf x} l;ot d] + pRr kb kfg] jfnf] + ;] t'ngf s/ t] x} + .

cfk b";/ f] + s] ;dfg pRr l: ylt, ;'Gb/ j: t'PF cf} / gfgf ;d[l4ofF tf] n] gxL+ kft] , pn6] ckg] sf] t'R5, lga{n, bLg–xLg ;demg] nut] x} + . ckgL ck] Iff pRr l: ylt, a8Þ] cf] xb] cf} / ;d[l4 jfnf] + ;] t'ngf s/ g] k/ xd d] + Oiof{efj pTkGg xf] tf x} . xd pgsL ;'Gb/ j: t'PF pGgt l: ylt cf} / hLjg sL ;'ljwfPF b] vs/ Oiof{ sL clUg d] + lg/ Gt/ bUw xf] t] / xt] x} + .

cfksf dg r'krfk cfk;] sxf s/ tf x} , …xfo Û xd g x'P a8Þ] –a8Þ] dsfgf] s] dflns Û hdLgf] +, hfobfbf] + s] clwklt, df] 6/ sf/ cf} / ljnf; ;fdlu|of] + s] : jfdL . x] k/ d] Zj/ Û O; b'lgofF d] + Ps–;] Ps a8Þf cfbdL k8Þf x} . ls+t' Sof xdf/ ] efUo d] + oxL u/ LaL, oxL a] j;L cf} / cefj lnvf x} . xdf/ f ox k8Þf] ;L dh] d] + / f] h d] jf–ldi6fGg p8Þftf x} . kmnf] + s] 9] Þ/ nu] / xt] x} +, O;s] oxfF Ps ;] Ps pQd j: q cf} / km} zg] an j: t'PF x} + cf} / O;sL kTgL lstgL ;'Gb/ x} . xdf/ ] efUo d] + km"x8Þ gf/ L xL lnvL

x} . xdf/ ] kf; 7Ls t/ x nHhf 9+sg] ts sf] j: q gxL+ x} . b";/ f bh{gf] + sk8Þf] + sf] b/ fhf] + d] + ;8Þf–unf / xf x} . pkm xdf/ L s} ;L ljifd l: ylt x} Û xdf/ ] k8f] ;L s] bf] k'q x} + . Ow/ xdf/ L tLg–tLg k'lqofF x} + cf} / ;f] eL lgDg dfgl;s u'0ff] +jfnL . xdf/ ] rf/ f] + cf] / j} ej sf cldt e08f/ lav/ f bLvtf x} . ls+t' xdf/ ] efUo d] + 6"6f dsfg cf} / ?vL–;"vL / f] l6ofF xL abL x} . sfz Û xd eL P] ;] xL pr] kb, P] ;L xL ;d[l4 s] : jfdL, P] ;] xL : j: Yo, ;j{u'0f ;DkGg, cdL/ , k|ltli7t cf} / j} ejzfnL xf] t] Û

cfk s] Og pb\uf/ f] + d] + O{iof{ af] n / xL x} , ;fjwfg Û

cw"/ fkg, cefj tyf czflGt b"/ s/ g] s] lnP cfk ckg] ;] gLr] jfnf] + sL l: ylt d] + ckgL t'ngf sLlhP . pg;] t'ngf s/ g] k/ cfk sf] ckgL zlQmof] +, ;'ljwfcf] + cf} /

cR5fOof] + sf 1fg xf] ;stf x} .


d's'Gb cfrfo{

Jo+Uo

xf] nLsf x'8Þb+ua'/ f g dfgf] xf] nL x}

8f= / fdj/ 0f ofbjPscf] / v8ÞL x} ckgL xL sf+u|] ; kf6L{ Ûb";/ L cf] / v8Þ] x} , ckg] dw] zL efO{ ÛÛx] k|e' Û t"g] o] s} ;L ;d: of agfO{ ÛPs cf] / s'+cf x} tf] b";/ L cf] / vfO{ ÛÛ

k/ dfgGb emfa8] Þ efu ;] pk/ fi6«klt kb kfj] Ûls; cefu] sf] gfd–bfd gf efj] <lhtgL Hofbf l9nfO{ ;+ljwfg d] + xf] uL ÛptgL xL enfO{ xdf/ L s';L{ sL xf] uL ÛÛ

k|d sf] O/ fnfs[lqd cefj, dx+ufO{ cf} / e|i6frf/ ,O{dfgbf/ k|wfgdGqL sL a] O{dfg ;/ sf/ Û…;+ljwfg h¿/ cfPufÚ k|d g] xd] zf oxL sxfkLPd sf Ps ;fn v"a sfdofa / xf ÛÛ

;'jf; g] Djfªd} + tf] O{dfgbf/ cf} / eb| g] tf dfgf hftf yf Ûgfk–tf} n s/ af] ng] jfnf hfgf hftf yf ÛÛg hfg] s} ;] d} + ;/ sf/ sL uf] 6L ag uof ÛlaNnL s] emu8Þ] d] + aGb/ af‘6 sL / f] 6L ag uof ÛÛ

jfdb] j uf} tddfwj sf] 5f] 8Þ s/ d} g] cf] nL sf ;fy lbof Ûkf6L{ cWoIf–;+;bLo bn sf g] tf agf lbof ÛÛs;d] + jfb] ;f/ ] cf] nL g] e'nf lbof Ûd} +g] eL em+v df/ s/ dfwj ;] xfy ldnf lnof ÛÛ

k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08g v'b agfP+u] , g agg] b] +u] Ûrfx] h} ;] xf] , xd / fi6«klt kb n] +u] ÛÛxd] + kmv| x} xdg] ;+ljwfg agg] g lbof Ûxd vfln; aGb/ sL ;Gtfg x} +, ;flat s/ lbof ÛÛ

;+ljwfg;ef sf ;fd"lxs uLt;+;b ejg ;bf ;'vsf/ L Ûs/ gL g w/ gL kf‘s] 6 ef/ L ÛÛx/ ] { nu] g lkm6ls/ L,/ +u rf] vf x} Kof/ ] Û;+ljwfg agf s/ xd ckg] xL k} / f] + k/ s'Nxf8ÞL df/ ] + <


Jo+Uopk] Gb| ofbjdw] z cfGbf] ng sf z+v3f] if d} +g] xL lsof yf,uR5bf/ cf} / h] kL sf] d} +g] xL ;fy lnof yf Ûu'? u'8Þ xL / xf cf} / r] nf rLgL xf] uof ÛSof P] ;f xL dGq d} +g] ckg] r] nf] + sf] lbof yf <Û

/ fh] Gb| dxtf] ] af/ –af/ dGqL xf] s/ cs"t sdf lnof Ûrfx] h} ;] xf] / fhgLlt d] + l;Ssf hdf lnof ÛÛk|r08 s] uLt sf] d} + ;+uLt ;] ;hf / xf x"F Ûjf] …dfbnÚ ahf / x] x} +, d} + 8kmnL ahf / xf x"F ÛÛ

afa'/ fd e§/ fO{/ fhgLlt d] + bf] : tL b'ZdgL agL / xtL x} ÛseL bf] : t ;] seL b'Zdg ;] 7gL / xtL x} ÛÛk|r08 sL bf] wf/ L tnjf/ seL d] / ] seL gf/ fo0fsfhL s] ;/ k/ tgL / xtL x} ÛÛ

s] kL zdf{ cf] nLk|r08 hL, xd cfk;] Ps kSsL aft sxg] cfP x} + Ûcfk cf} / xd bf] gf] + s';L{ s] e"v] –nnrfP x} + ÛÛcfksL lu4b[li6 / fi6«klt sL s';L{ k] x} ,k|d sL s';L{ k/ xd eL ch'{gb[li6 nufP x} ÛÛ

dfwj g] kfnhftLotf s] ljifo sf] cf} / sf] O{ gxL+,l;km{ ef] n] afaf xL krf ;stf x} Ûk|r08–cf] nL–kf} 8] n dxfef/ t drf ;st] x} +,g] kfn sf] l;km{ dfwj g] kfn xL arf ;stf x} ÛÛ

df] xg j} B ls/ 0fz'4 sDo'lgHd k9Þgf xf] tf] d] / ] kf; cfgf Û;'ljwfef] uL ;Qf nf] eL agg] k|r08 kf; hfgf ÛÛafa'/ fd ;] ;Lv s/ aLaL s] hl/ P 3"; vfgf ÛgsnL sDo'lgi6 aggf xf] tf] Pdfn] uLt ufgf ÛÛ

ljhos'df/ uR5bf/ d} + dw] z sf d;Lxf, ls;L sf] wf] vf gxL+ b"+uf Û;/ sf/ nnrfP tf] eL, sf] O{ kb gxL+ n"+uf ÛÛy?x6 sf d'VodGqL d'em] xL aggf x} Ûs'5 ;do dg d;f] ; s/ O{dfgbf/ L ;] tggf x} ÛÛ

8f= / fdz/ 0f dxtcy{ dGqfno d] / L ckgL hdL+bf/ L x} ÛdGqL sL s';L{ d'em] hfg ;] eL Kof/ L x} ÛÛb] z en] xL u/ LaL s] ut{ d] + ;df hfP ÛckgL hdL+bf/ L tf] ;bfjxf/ cf} / Gof/ L x} ÛÛ

/ fdrGb| kf} 8] nd} + abg;La ls: dt sf df/ f Ûk|wfgdGqL sL bf} 8Þ d] + ax't af/ xf/ f ÛÛb] v] + ca ;'zLn bf s] afb Sof xf] tf x} Ûkf6L{ ;efklt sL s';L{ b] v lbn hf/ –hf/ / f] tf x} ÛÛ]

z] / axfb'/ b] pjfd} + z] / eL x"F cf} / axfb'/ eL ÛceL aGb x"F jQm s] lk+h8] Þ s] cGb/ ÛÛcGo sf+u|] ;L g] tf p5n s"b s/ n] + Ûag s/ ls;L v] d] sf efn", e] l8ofF aGb/ ÛÛ

nf]sdfgl;+x sfsL{…e|i6frf/ PS;k6{Ú hfgs/ ;/ sf/ g] ,d'em] ax't a8L lhDd] bf/ L bL Ûj} ;] d] / L …a} s lx: 6«LÚ eL j} ;L xL yL ÛÛlkm/ eL clVtof/ sf 8+8f c+wfw'+w a/ ;f / xf x"F Ûa8ÞL d5lnof] + ;] a8Þf 8/ nutf x} ÛO;LlnP 5f] 6L d5lnof] + sf] r'g–r'g s/ vf / xf x"F ÛÛ


sljtfP+

ofbf] + s] em/ f] v] ;] ljrf/ nf] ls dTo{ xf] g d[To' ;] 8/ f] seL .d/ f] k/ Gt' of] + d/ f] ls ofb hf] s/ ] + ;eL ..x'O{ g of] + ;'d[To' tf] j[yf d/ ] j[yf lhP .d/ f gxL+ jxL ls hf] lhof g cfks] lnP ..p;L pbf/ sL syf ;/ : jtL avfgtL .p;L pbf/ ;] w/ f s[tfy{ efj dfgtL ..p;L pbf/ sL ;bf ;hLj sLlt{ u"+htL .tyf p;L pbf/ sf] ;d: t ;[li6 k"htL ..

–sljj/ : j= u'Ktf

j;Gt Ct'/ Lt' bf;

axf/ cfO{ lkm/ ;] j[If k/ nbL km"n ;] 8fnL .rxs p7] k+lIfof] + s] em'085f uO{ x/ cf] / xl/ ofnL .

gjLgtf km} nL ;a cf] / abnf k|s[lt g] ckgf ¿k;a s'5 x} jxLlkm/ eL nutL lstgL cg"k

;bL{ sL ca p7L 8f] nL;'xfg] df} ;d g] cfFv] + vf] nL gO{ pd+uf] + ;] lvn uof dgx} n'efjg j;Gt cfudg .

Px;f;

/ flugL l;+x

ef] / sL a] nf 7+8L xjf, dw'/ : kz{lstgf ;f} Do zfGt jftfj/ 0fu'nfjL / +ut lnPls;L ;'vb eljio sf ;Gb] z b] tf ;f5f] 6L–5f] 6L kxfl8of] + k/ xl/ ofnL xL xl/ ofnLxdf/ ] : jKg / lrt ;+;f/ ;fzfob k|s[lt s] O;L df] xs b[Zog] xL af+w / vf x} O; ;fF; sL 8f] / sf] hLjg hLg] s] lnP x} ld6f b] g] s] lnP gxL+sf ;Gb] z b] tf ;fha ts x} hLjgta ts lhDd] bfl/ of] + s] lgjf{xs/ g] s] Px;f; ;f .

dw] ;L vf] hg d} + uofdw] ;L ldnf g sf] osf] O{ sx] xd blnt x} + sf] O{ sx] hghfltsf] O{ sx] xd d'l: nd x} + sf] O{ sx] cflbjf;L .sf] O{ sx] xd a|fXd0f x} + sf] O{ sx] sfo: ysf] O{ sx] xd / fhk"t x+} ldnf g sf] O{ t6: y .sf] O{ sx] xd dxtf] x} + sf] O{ sx] x} + ofbjsf] O{ sx] xd / fd x} + sf] O{ sx] x} + ;fwj .sf] O{ sx] xd ;bf x} + sf] O{ sx] kf;jfgsf] O{ sx] xd d08n x} + dw] ;L sf] x'cf g 1fg .

/ xt] ;a xL dw] ; d] + vft] dw] ; sf cGgkfgL kLt] dw] ; sf lkm/ Sof] + Otg] leGg <Sof g ldnf sf b'Mv x} < Sof] + g ldnf k/ df} g <cfk; d] + ;a emu8Þf s/ t] , d'lQm lbnfP sf} g <bn s] bn bn d] + kmF;] kb sL s/ t] vf] hdw] ; a] rf/ f / f] tf lkm/ ] kb sL s/ t] vf] h .cfcf] ;a ldn Ps xf] + s/ f] Ps kxrfgb] vf] lkm/ ldntf t'Dx] + OHht cf} / ;Ddfg . 6's8] Þ–6's8Þ] / xf] u] pGglt s} ;] xf] o < dw] zL vf] hg d} + uof, dw] ;L ldnf g sf] o .

lstg] sf d} + gfd n"F gxL+ cf] / cf} / cGtlht b] vf pt\ dxGt x} ldnf g sf] O{ ;Gt .hk s/ ] ;a dw] ; sf lbn d] + hft cf} / eftg] tfcf] + sL eL8Þ d] + oxL OgsL cf} sft .cu/ dw] ;L Ps xf] , 8+s] k/ x} rf] 6afn g afsf s/ ;s] , a'n] 6 xf] of ef] 6 .

kxf8–dw] z x} gxL+, lxdfn gxL+ dw] ;…;dy/ Ú eL hf] dw] ; gxL+ tf] vf] h"F sxfF dw] z <…km"6 8fnf] cf} / zf;g s/ f] Ú s] rSs/ d] + kmF;f dw] ;xd ;a 6's8Þ] –6's8Þ] x'P zfl;t x'cf dw] ; .d'Ufnf] + g] k6\6] k/ a] rf c+u|] h g] nufof 5fkSof ck/ fw xdg] lsof k8Þf hf] P] ;f >fk .cfcf] ldns/ ;a rn] + ;a sf] b] + clwsf/ / fi6« agfPF ;af] + sf s/ t] ho–hosf/ .

r'/ ] gª\uf xf] uof, h+un ag uP v] td?e"ld dw] ; agtf ta eL x'cf g r] t .;'s'Daf;L s] gfd k/ drL x'O{ x} n"6t'd hf] rfxf] ;f] s/ f] t'd sf] x} ;a 5"6 .gf6s cfk sf b] vf x} xdg] bf] –bf] af/ v'z s/ g] sf] lbvfof x} nfnLkf‘k af/ –af/ .

xd g Otg] a] va/ gxL+ Otg] a] zp/ ls ;xt] rn] + cfksf x/ h'Nd cf} / s;"/ .sfOofFkg g lbvfO{P xf] tf O;;] dgd'6fjlbnvf] n cfk; d] + ldn] + x6fj] + ;a b'/ fj .Gofo vf] htf dw] ; x} dt bf] t'd b'Tsf/ efO{ g ;dem] x"s ha ag hftf x'+sf/ .g] kfn xdf/ f eL / fi6« x} , xd cleGg x} + c+uhLt] cfP ;fy–;fy d/ gf eL x} ;Fu .v'zL t'Dxf/ L x} efO{ cg'go x} s/ a4wSs] b] s/ b"/ s/ f] of s/ f] cfln+uga4 .

dw] z cf} / dw] zLk|f= dx] Gb| gf/ fo0f ld>


wd{

g] kf n ;/ sf / ;"rgf tyf ;~rf / dGqf no

;"rgf l jef u

afnaflnsf x/fPdf,

a]jfl/; km]nf k/]df,

lgMz'Ns 6]lnkmf]g gDa/

!)$ df kmf]g u/f}+.


;[li6 cfksL, b[li6 xdf/ Lk':ts ;dLIff

s[ltM u0f] zdfg l;+xM Ps kl/ ron] lvsf M ls/ 0f ld>fk[i7M !#)k|sfzsM dN6L Kn} S;;, lbNnL -O+l8of_

g] kfn s] Vofltk|fKt g] tfcf] + sL nDaL ;"rL d] + : j= u0f] zdfg l;+x sf gfd cfb/ ;] lnvf hftf x} . k|: t't k': ts pgsL hLjgL x} . g] kfnL nf] stGq s] hgg] tf u0f] zdfg l;+x cf} / jL=kL= sf] O/ fnf bf] gf] + sL qmflGtsf/ L hf] 8ÞL g] nf] stflGqs ;dfhjfb sL gL+j 8fnL . g] kfnL / fhgLlt sL ha cf} / hxfF rrf{ xf] tL x} , jxfF u0f] zdfg l;+x sL ofb– jL/ u0f] zdfg, nf} xk'?if u0f] zdfg cflb ljz] if0ffTds ;Daf] wg ;] sL hftL x} .

aL; cWofof] + d] +, ^ v08 d] + ljeflht ox k': ts l;nl;n] af/ 9+u] ;] tf] gxL+ lnvL hf ;sL x} , lkm/ eL ljb'ifL n] lvsf g] O;] cToGt kl/ >dk"j{s t} of/ lsof x} .

j} ;] tf] Oltxf; ljifo : jo+ d] + ptgf dgf] / ~hs gxL+ dfgf hftf n] lsg dbg k'/ : sf/ k|fKt g] kfnL pkGof; …dfwjLÚ sf lxGbL cg'jfb s/ g] jfnL, cg] s ljifof] + sL zf] wstf{ ls/ 0f ld>f g] g] kfnL / fhgLlt s] O; Oltxf; sf] j: t'k/ s, tYok/ s agfg] s] ;fy xL / f] rs agfg] sL eL k"/ L sf] lzz sL x} . O; sf] lzz d] + ld>f ax't xbts ;kmn eL / xL x} + .

O; k': ts sf] cflb ;] cGt ts k9Þt] ;do sxL+ eL af] l/ ot dx;"; gxL+ x'O{ . O; b[li6 ;] eL O; k': ts sf] k9Þt] –k9Þt] kf7s

cf;fgL ;] / f0ff zf;g s] clGtd jiff] {+ d] + uf] tf nufg] nutf x} . dgf] / ~hg s] ;fy–;fy O; d] + 9] / ;f/ L P] ltxfl;s hfgsfl/ ofF xd] + pknAw xf] tL x} + . O; b[li6 ;] eL O; s[lt sf] ;kmn dfggf xf] uf .

d] / L JolQmut / fo d] + b";/ ] JolQm åf/ f lnvf uof hLjgrl/ q, cfTdsyf -: jo+ åf/ f lnvL uO{_ ;] Hofbf ;Tok/ s–j: t'k/ s xf] tf x} . aL=kL= cf} / s] =kL= e§f/ O{ sL : j/ lrt cfTdsyf d] + ckgL sdL sdhf] l/ of] + sf] 5'kfg] sf ;kmn k|of; lsof uof x} . hals O; k': ts d] + u0f] zdfg l;+x sf x/ ] s kIf O{dfgbf/ L s] ;fy k|: t't x} . kf7s dxfg nf] uf] + sL dxfgtf xL gxL+ sdhf] l/ of] + sf] eL hfggf rfxtf x} . O;s] lnP cfTdsyf lnvg] jfnf] + sf] n] vg d] + O{dfgbf/ xf] gf nflhdL xf] tf x} . cf} / ox O{dfgbf/ L ax't sd nf] uf] + d] + kfO{ hftL x} .

O; k': ts sL pkof] lutf sf] kl/ lzi6 !, kl/ lzi6 @, cf} / kl/ lzi6 # g] cf} / eL a9Þf bL x} . kl/ lzi6 ! d] + …u0f] zdfg l;+x sf ;ftjL+ sf+u|] ; d] + efif0fÚ ax't xL dfld{s tf] x} xL, ;fy xL g] kfnL sf+u|] ; rfx] tf] cfh eL p; P] ltxfl;s efif0f ;] ax't s'5 ;Lv ;stL x} . ceL eL O;sL ;fGble{stf ;dfKt gxL+ dfgL hf ;stL . kl/ lzi6 bf] cf} / tLg d] + dxTjk"0f{ / fhg} lts 36gfcf] + sf ;do lgb] {lzt lsof uof x} . O; lstfa d] + s'5 P] ;L 36gfcf] + sf, lhqm cftf x} , lh;;] kf7s sL cfFv] + uLnL xf] hftL x} + cf} / cgfof; d+'x ;] …jfx Û jfx ÛÚ lgsn k8Þtf x} . o] P] ;L 36gfPF x} +, lhg;] u0f] zdfg sL b] zelQm, jL/ tf cf} / ;xgzLntf huhflx/ xf] tL x} + .

;g\ !((! d] + ;+o'Qm / fi6« cd] l/ sf åf/ f …o"=Pg= kL; cjf8{Ú tyf ;g\ !(($ d] + ;+o'Qm / fi6« sf …Xo'd cjf8{Ú kfg] jfn] k|yd PlzofO{ JolQm u0f] zdfg sf] g] kfnL sf+u|] ; g] eL ;g\ !((^ d] + ;Ddflgt lsof yf . ;g\ !((& l;t+a/ sf] O; h'emf?, nf} x k'?if, b] zeQm g] ;bf s] lnP ckgL cfFv] d"Fb nL+ .

u0f] dfg l;+x s] af/ ] d] + ax't ;f/ ] g] tfcf] + sf pb\uf/ b] s/ k': ts / rlotf ld>f g] lstfa sf] pRrtf cf} / ;fy{stf k|bfg sL x} . lkm/ eL sxL+–sxL+ P] ;L cz'l4ofF gh/ cftL x} +, lhGx] + gh/ cGbfh gxL+ lsof hf ;stf .

…dfwjLÚ g] kfnL pkGof; sf lxGbL d] + cg'jfb s/ g] jfnL ls/ 0f ld>f sL n] vgL ;] eljio d] + eL xd P] ;L s[ltof] + sL ck] Iff / v ;st] x} +, lhg ;] g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] ;DaGw ;'dw'/ xf] t] hfPF .

k|: t'ltM d's'Gb cfrfo{

k': ts M cg'/ fwf ejgljwf M pkGof;pkGof;sf/ M u0f] zk|;fb nf7k|sfzs M lnlka'S;, cgfdgu/ ,

sf7df8f} +k[i7 M @#$d"No M #$)

bzsf] + kxn] wg'ifrGb| uf} td -;flxlTos gfd– w=r= uf] tfd] _ / lrt pkGof; …3fdsf kfOnfx?Ú -w"k s] sbd_ k9Þt] jQm lh; ;'vfg'e"lt sf Px;f; x'cf yf, p;L v'zL sf Px;f; jL/ u+h s] k|ltli7t o'jf Jofkf/ L u0f] zk|;fb nf7 / lrt pkGof; …cg'/ fwf ejgÚ k9Þt] x'P d'em] x'cf . d} + v'b jL/ u+h ;] h'8Þf x'cf OG;fg x"F, r'gf+r] jL/ u+h s] kl/ j] z sf] s] Gb|ljGb' d] + / vt] x'P lnvL uO{ x/ lstfa sf] d} + a8ÞL lbnr: kL ;] k9Þtf x"F cf} / k'/ fgL ofbf] + d] + vf] hftf x"F . O; t/ x vf] g] sf eL Ps cnu xL dhf x} .

nf7hL sL sljtfcf] + ;] d} + kl/ lrt yf . cR5L sljtfPF / rg] jfn] s] xfyf] + uB ljwf d] + eL Ps cR5L ;L s[lt lnvL uO{ cf} / O;sL kf08'lnlk eL k9Þg] sf d'em] ;'of] u k|fKt x'cf yf . nIdL cf} / ;/ : jtL bf] gf] + dftfcf] + s] b'nf/ ] nf7hL sf] O; s[lt s] lnP awfO{ Û

O; pkGof; sf gfos la/ h" sf]


k':ts ;dLIff

d} + ghbLs ;] hfgtf yf . r'gf+r] p;sL zlV;ot ;] h'8Þ] cf} / ls/ bf/ f] + sf] eL d} + yf] 8Þf ax't tf] hfgtf xL yf . d} + v'b eL la/ h" s] cg] s u'0ff] + ;] k|efljt yf cf} / ceL eL x"F . v} / ====Û

pkGof;sf/ u0f] zhL g] , ckgL dft[efiff df/ jf8ÞL xf] t] x'P eL, g] kfnL d] + O; pkGof; sf tfgf–afgf a'gf x} . k|o'Qm efiff ;/ n xf] t] x'P eL hux–hux d] + kf7sf] + sf] g] kfnL, lxGbL, df/ jf8ÞL, ef] hk'/ L sf cg"7f ;+ud ldn] uf . O; ;+ud d] + cjufxg s/ t] jQm kf7sf] + sf] z'4 ;flTjs ;flxlTos / ;fg'e"lt tf] xf] uL xL, O;s] cnfjf g] kfn sf Ps k'/ fgf cfly{s gu/ jL/ +uh sf Ps lglZrt sfnv08 sf kl/ ro eL k|fKt xf] uf . / f] rs Oltxf; eL ldn] uf . af] g; d] + ;LdfjtL{ zx/ sf d'km\t ;} / Û

k|: t't pkGof; d] + ;+3if{zLn, h'emf? Jofkf/ L sf rl/ q–lrq0f av"aL lsof uof x} . Ps cfbz{ kl/ jf/ sL ;d: ofPF, Jofkf/ hut d] + xf] g] jfnL c: j: Yo k|lt: kwf{PF, tTsfnLg zf;g Joj: yf sL kf] n, u+bL / fhgLlt, Pzf] cf/ fd sL b'lgofF sL cf] /

vL+rtL hfg] jfnL gO{ kL9ÞL, ckg] zfuLb{ sf enf rfxg] jfnf p: tfb, a] O{dfgL sL sdfO{ k/ xf] g] jfnL / +u/ ] lnof, v'buh{ cf} / df} sf k/ : t rDfrf] + sL d+8nL, z'4–;flTjs df/ jf8ÞL kl/ jf/ , cf} Bf] lus / fxf] + k/ v/ fdf–v/ fdf rntf jL/ u+h ofgL Ps pe/ tf x'cf zx/ cfFvf] s] cfu] v8Þf xf] hftf x} , O; pkGof; d] + xd ha uf] t] nuft] x} + . pkGof; d] + nf] sn sn/ sf k|of] u k|d'vtf ;] lsof uof x} .

afh jQm pkGof;sf/ u0f] zhL ckgL efjgfcf] + sf] ;/ k6 bf} 8Þft] x} + cf} / lhGbuL sL af/ Llsof] + sf] , p;s] Px;f;f] + sf] th'a] { sf hfdf kxgft] x'P pkb] zfTds zSn clVtof/ s/ n] t] x} + . la/ h" g] ckg] bf] : t / fw] s[i0f sf] sxf x} – d] / ] lktf hL cf} / b'j] ;/ sL aftf] + sf] d} + seL gxL+ e"ntf . j] d] / ] cfbz{ y] . O;L t/ x ox pkGof; cg] s ;sf/ fTds ;f] rf] + ;] nafna e/ f x'cf x} .

nf] uf] + sL lgGbf rrf{ ;] v'b sf] b"/ / vg] jfnf gfos la/ h" lstgL cf;fgL ;] sxtf x} – …xd eL uf] of ls;L ;fh s] tf/ x} +, rf] 6 vft] / x] +u] u'gu'gft] / x] +u] . d';Latf] + ;]

n8Þg] sL tfst cf} / h'emf¿kg bf] gf] + hHaf O; d] + ;dfP x'P x} + .

pkGof; sf gfos la/ h" Ps xb ts cWofTdjfbL x} . p;sf efO{ ;/ h' ef} ltsjfbL x} . cf} / gfhfoh t/ Lsf] + ;] bf} ntdGb xf] hftf x} du/ afn" sL eLt sL t/ x p;s] ;f/ ] c/ dfg / fhg} lts abnfj cft] xL 9Þx hft] x} + . ha ts p;sL cfFv v'ntL x} , ax't b] / xf] hftL x} . vf] vnf ?tjf, pmFrL kx'Fr, b/ af/ L tfNn'sft ;a d'¶L sL / ] t sL t/ x b] vt] –b] vt] lv;s hft] x} + . pw/ cWofTdjfbL la/ h" ckgL sd{7tf, O{dfgbf/ L, ;xof] uL efjgf, ;sf/ fTds ;f] r cflb v"laof] + s] rnt] cflTds zflGt s] ;fy ;xh d[To' sf] j/ 0f s/ tf x} . gtLhtg lhGbuL sf ax't a8Þf kmn;kmf atfg] d] + ox pkGof; sfdofa x} . cfg] jfn] lbgf] + d] + n] vs ;] cf} / pDdLb] + / vgf gfhfoh ;flat gxL+ xf] uf .

s'5 eflifs unltofF pkGof; sf dhf ls/ ls/ f s/ g] sL sf] lzz s/ tL x} + du/ lbnr: k 36gfcf] + s] cfu] j] l6s gxL+ kftL+ .


ko{6g

j} ;] tf] jif{ e/ s] k|To] s dxLg] sf ckgf dxŒj xf] tf x} , n] lsg ljqmd ;+jt\ sf r} q dxLgf Ps ljz] if dxŒj n] s/ cftf x} . jf;+tL dfbstf s] ;fy cfg] jfnL b'uf{i6dL, lh;] g] kfnL hgdfg; ;fgf] bz} + cyf{t\ 5f] 6f bzx/ f s] gfd ;] elStefj s] ;fy dgft] x} +, cf} / / fdgjdL h} ;] bf] –bf] kj{ r} q dxLg] sf] kfjgtf k|bfg s/ t] x} + .

lxdfR5flbt kj{t >[vnfPF, x/ ] –e/ ] jGo k|b] z, pFmrL–pFmrL kxf8Þf] + ;] tLj| ult ;] anvft] , O7nft] , lu/ t] kfgL s] em/ g] , ljleGg / +uf] + s] k"mnf] + ;] ;'jfl;t 3fl6ofF g] kfn sf] k|s[lt sf Ps cg'kd pkxf/ s] ¿k d+] k] z s/ t] x} + . k|: t't s/ t] x} + ko{6sf] + s] lnP Ps / d0fLo b] z cf} / agft] x} Ps bz{gLo e"ld . eSthgf] + s] lnP eujfg kz'kltgfy, : joDe"gfy, af} 4gfy, d'lStgfy h} ;] cg] s b] j: yn tf] O;] b] je"ld sf xL ¿k b] t] x} + .

O: f e"ld d] + O: f k|sf/ s] P] ;] cGo cg] s : yn x} + hf] wfld{s cf} / ;f+: s[lts dxTj sL b[li6 ;] eL bz{gLo x} + . P] ;] xL : ynf] + d] + Ps d+lb/ x} – b] z s] k"jf{+rn l: yt ;Kt/ L lhn] d] + . ;b/ d'sfd / fhlj/ fh ;] nueu * ls=dL b"/ ;v8Þf ufFj d] + cjl: yt l5Ggd: tf eujtL s] O; k|frLg d+lb/ sL k|l;l4 ckg] lhn] ts xL gxL+, k8Þf] ;L ef/ tLo / fHo ts km} nL x'O{ x} . kmn: j¿k laxf/ s] ;LdfjtL{ If] q sL hgtf eL P] ltxfl;s cf} / kf} / fl0fs dxTj s] O; d+lb/ d] + ckgf elStefj k|s6 s/ g] cftL x} + .

sxf tf] oxfF ts hftf x} ls ef/ t s] k"j{ / ] nd+qL nlntgf/ fo0f ld> hL s] dg d] + eL Og l5Ggd: tf eujtL s] k|lt cufw cf: yf cf} / elSt sf efj yf . ctM pgsL rfx lgd{nL d] + lqmofzLn / ] nj] : 6] zg sf ckg] sfo{sfn d] + lj: tf/ s/ t] x'P p;] g] p/ -;LdfjtL{ ufFj_ ts nfg] sL yL, lh;;] ls ;LdfjtL{ / fHo d] + / xg] jfn] ef/ tLo hgtf sf] O; b] jL sf bz{g kfg] d] + sl7gfO{ g xf] cf} / / ] n ;'ljwf sf nfe p7ft] x'P j] O; b] jL sf bz{g s/ k'0o sdf ;s+] .

n] lsg b'ef{Uojz d'''hˆkm/ k'/ d] + x'O{ b'3{6gf d] + pgsL d[To' xf] hfg] k/ ox of] hgf w/ fzfoL xf] uO{ .

O; d+lb/ s] ;fy cGo sO{ ufyfPF h''8ÞL x} + . ljleGg ljåfgf] + s] cg';f/ O; b] jL sL : yfkgf lnR5jL sfn d] + x'O{ yL . P] ltxfl;s j[Qf+t s] cg';f/ l;d|f} gu9Þ s] s0ff{6sj+zLo / fhf zqml;+x b] j g] l5GGfd: tf sL k|lt: yfkgf sL yL . O;L s] sf/ 0f O;] l5GGfd: tf d+lb/ sxf hftf x} . cfd hgtf O;] ;v8Þf eujtL s] gfd ;] hfgtL x} .

r"Fls O; b] jL sL k|lt: yfkgf zqml;+x b] j g] sL yL, ctM k|f/ +e d] + ox >L zqm] Zj/ L eujtL s] gfd ;] hfgL hftL yL . afb d] + zqm] Zj/ L sf cke|+z ;v8Þ] Zj/ L s] ¿Kf d] + x'cf cf} / afb d] + O;L gfd ;] O; ufFj sf gfd eL ;v8Þf k8Þf .

Ps b";/ ] j[Qf+++t s] cg';f/ a+ufn sf tTsfnLg ;'Ntfg zd;'b\bLg ha sf7df+8" s] pmk/ cfqmd0f s/ g] s] l;nl;n] d] + cfu] a9Þ / xf yf tf] jx / f: t] d] + cfg] jfn] ;eL d7 d+lb/ f] + sf] gi6 s/ tf hf / xf yf . O; qmd d] + p;g] l5Ggd: tf eujtL sL d"lt{ sf] eL gi6 s/ ;dLk s] tfnfa d] + km] +s lbof . n] lsg dsjfgk'/ s] / fhfcf] + åf/ f t/ fO{ s] k"jL{ e"–efu k/ ljho k|fKt s/ g] s] afb ha oxfF cfjfbL a: fg] nuL, ta lz/ f] R5] bg cj: yf sL d"lt{ sf] tfnfa ;] lgsfns/ k|lt: yflkt sL uO{ . r"Fls d"lt{ofF lz/ ljxLg cj: yf d] + yL+ ctM l5Ggd: tf s] ¿k d] + O;sL k"hf cr{gf sL hfg] nuL .

d+lb/ d] + d'Vo ¿Kf ;] % d"lt{ofF x} + . pg d"lt{of] + d] + bf] 6's8Þ] d] + ljeSTf d"lt{ jxfF sL d"n b] jL cyf{t\ dlxiff;'/ dlb{gL x} + cf} / jx pg d"lt{of] + s] dWo d] + ljBdfg x} + .

l5Ggd: tf eujtL sL cnf} lss zlSt s] ;+a+w d] + cg] s ls+jb+lTfofF cf} / nf] sf] lStofF eL x} . ;dfg ¿k ;] d+lb/ s] kf; xL cjl: yt tfnfa -kf] v/ _ d] + eL cnf} lss zlSt ljBdfg xf] g] sf pNn] v jxfF sL u'7L ;] ;+a4 Pj+ >L l5Ggd: tf ;+/ If0f ;ldlt s] k"j{ cWoIf cljgfz s'df/ Kofs'/ ] n g] ckgL s[lt …l5Ggd: tf eujtL–Ps kl/ roÚ d] + lsof x} .

l5Ggd: tf eujtL sL dlxdf ;'gg] s] afb / fhf jL/ ] +b| eL oxfF cfP . eujtL s]

bz{g s/ g] s] afb pGxf] +g] d+lb/ s] hL0ff] {4f/ s] lnP pbf/ tfk"j{s bfg lbof . O;s] afb d+lb/ s] ejg sf] k} uf] 8f z} nL sf ¿k lbof uof . sxf hftf x} ls hL0ff] {4f/ s] qmd d+] kf; s] tfnfa sf] ;fkm s/ g] s] lnP jxfF ;] kfgL lgsfng] sL k|lqmof z'? sL uO{ tf] tfnfa sf] ;'vfg] sf ;f/ f k|of; cy{xLg xf] uof . kmn: j¿k tfnfa ;] kfgL lgsfng] sL k|lqmof / f] s b] gL k8ÞL .

;Ktsf] zL sL hnwf/ f ;] l;+lrt ;Kt/ L lhn] s] O; kfjg d+lb/ sL b] jL sf bz{g kfg] s] lnP ljz] ifs/ r} q dxLg] sL b'uf{i6dL cf} / cflZjg–sflQ{s dxLg] s] bzx/ f kj{ s] cj;/ k/ nfvf] + eSthg cft] x} + . k'/ f0ff] + d] + eujtL s] ljleGg gfdf] + d] + l5Ggd: tf b] jL sL eL rrf{ kfO{ hftL x} . jt{dfg ;do d] + ox d+lb/ zlStkL7 s] ¿k d] + k"hgLo x} . O;sL lgTo k"hf s] lnP jxfF s] Kofs'/ ] n ;d'bfo s] a|fXd0ff] + g] ckg] latf{ ;] !% la3f hdLg eujtL s] gfd ck{0f s/ t] x'P Ps 6«i6 -Gof;_ sL : yfkgf sL cf} / p;L e"ld sL cfo ;] b] jL sL lgTo k"hf xf] g] sf eL j[tf+t pko'{St s[lt d] + kfof hftf x} .

l5GGfd: tf eujtL sL dlxdf ck/ +kf/ x} . sf7df+8" pkTosf d] + g] jf/ ;d'bfo s] nf] uf] + d] + bz dxfljBf sL k|yf x} . b] jL l5GGfd: tf O;s] Ps c+u s] ¿k d] + eL k"hgLo x} + . bz dxfljBf d] + b] jL l5Ggd: tf sf pNn] v O; k|sf/ lsof uof x} –

sfnL tf/ f iff] 8\zL r aunf e'jg] Zj/ Lw"df l5Ggf r dft+uL e} / jL sdnflTdsf .!@jL+ ztfAbL d] + : yflkt ox d+lb/ ljleGg

sfnv08f] + d] + k|s[lt s] k|sf] k sf eL sO{ af/ lzsf/ x'cf . O;s] cnfjf O; d+lb/ s] ;fy sO{ P] ltxfl;s ufyfPF eL h'8ÞL x} + . k|frLg sfn d] + oxfF lx+b" wd{ s] j} i0fj, z} j, zfSt, af} 4, h} g cf} / l;v wdf{jnlDAfof] + s] kfjg : ynf] + ;] ;+a+lwt sO{ cjz] if ldng] sf j[Qf+t eL p; s[lt ;] ldntL x} . jt{dfg ;do d] + jxfF d'l: nd wdf{jnDaL eL ;fdflhs ;b\efj s] ;fy lgjf; s/ t] x} + cf} / ckg] wfld{s kjf] {+ sf] lh; pT;fx s] ;fy dgft] x} +, p;;] eL O: f aft sL k"0f{ ¿k ;] k'li6 xf] tL x} ls l5GGfd: tf eujtL d+lb/ s] ;fP d] + / xg] jfnf ox ufFj ;fDk|bflos Pstf cf} / wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf sL kfjg e"ld eL / xL x} . lll

l5Ggd: tf eujtL sf d+lb/ –k"jf{~rn sf Ps k|l;4 zlStkL7

k|sfzk|;fb pkfWofo


;dfrf/

kqsf/ Zofd;'Gb/ zlz lnlvt d} lynL efiff sf syf;+u|x …e'sgf dfxfTDoÚ sf Ps sfo{qmd d] + nf] sfk{0f lsof uof . g] kfn ;+uLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg s] pks'nklt k|Voft\ ;+UfLtsf/ zDe'hLt jf: sf] 6f g] zlz sL O; ;[hgf sf] ;fj{hlgs lsof .

ljut tLg bzs ;] ;flxTo cf} / kqsfl/ tf ;] ;+nUg zlz sL ox kxnL s[lt x} k/ Gt' pgs] cg] sf] + sljtf, syf, lgaGw, gf6s, uLlt gf6s, l/ kf] tf{h cflb ljleGg kq klqsfcf] + d+]

k|sflzt xf] r's] x} + . pgsL bf] cGo s[ltofF eL zL3| xL afhf/ d+] cfg] sf] a] tfj x} + . syf;+u|x sf nf] sfk{0f s/ t] x'P ;+uLtsf/ af: sf] 6f g] ;flxTosf/ zlz sf] awfO{ bL cf} / sxf ls d} lynL efiff cToGt pTs[i6 efiff x} . d} lynL s] ljsf; lagf g] kfnL sf ljsf; ;+ej gxL+ .

Pdfcf] jfbL kf] ln6Jo'/ f] ;b: o Pj+ ;flxTosf/ / fdrGb| emf g] ckgL ;+lIfKt ;dLIff d+] ;flxTosf/ zlz sf] …;fdflhs hLjg sf df} lns lrqsf/ Ú atfof . pgsf sxgf yf– zlz sL efiff k|fWofksLo x} k/ Gt' ha–ha jx u|fDo hLjg sf lrq0f s/ t] x} + tf] u|fdL0f efiff sf eL pTs[i6 k|of] u s/ t] x} + . zlz kxn] Ps kqsf/ x} + lkm/ ;flxTosf/ . O;lnP pgs] kfq, kl/ j] z cf} / syf] ksyg cflb ;To tYo

s] ghbLs x} + . lh;] syfsf/ : jo+ eL : jLsf/ s/ t] x} + . / fdrGb| emf sf sxgf yf– zlz g] hf] syf lnvL, ;f] cfFvg b] vL ;b[Zo x} .

d} lynL ljsf; sf] if åf/ f k|sflzt syf;+u|x d+] ^ n3'syf cf} / !$ syf ;+slnt x} + . @)$) ;fn ;] @)&) ;fn s] aLr lnvL uoL clwsf+z syfPF ljleGg kqklqsf d] + k|sflzt xf] r'sL x} + cf} / k|z+l;t / xL x} + . syf d+] j} b] lzs / f] huf/ L sL kL8Þf cf} / lhgs] klt ljb] z uP x} +, P] ;L dlxnfcf] + sL

of} g s'07f sf] ;'Gb/ zAbf] d+] ;+hf] of uof x} .

;dLIfs lgTofgGb d08n sf sxgf yf– zlz sL syf g] kfnL s] jLkL sf] O/ fnf, d} lynL s] / fhsdn cf} / 8f= ljdn sL >] 0fL ls x} + . vf;s/ syf d+] jl0f{t k|mfo8jfbL lrGtg sf] d08n g] dxTjk"0f{ dfgf yf .

d} lynL ljsf; sf] if s] cWoIf hLjgfy rf} w/ L sL cWoIftf d+] ;DkGg nf] sfk{0f ;df/ f] x d+] Pdfcf] jfbL g] tf / fdrGb| emf, ;ef;b zq'£g dxtf] , ;+uLt gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg s] k|f1 kl/ ifb ;b: o ;flxTosf/ / d] z / +hg, ;flxTosf/ 8f= / ] jtL/ d0f nfn, k/ d] Zj/ sfk8ÞL, czf] s bQ, / f] zg hgsk'/ L, ;'gLn dlNns tyf kqsf/ dxf;+3 wg'iff s] cWoIf clgn ld> cflb jStfcf] + g] ;Djf] wg lsof yf .

g] kfn k|1f ejg sf ;efsIf . s'l;{of] + d] + cf;Lg ;flxTosf/ , kqsf/ / b] z s] r'lg+bf Jofkf/ Lu0f– kf6L{ g] tfcf] + sfo{stf{ sL hd36 .

;df/ f] x s] k|d'v cltly s] ¿k d] + g] kfn s] k"j{k|wfgdGqL dfwj s'df/ g] kfn Ps xfy d] + dfOqmf] kmf] g cf} / b";/ ] xfy d] + Ps pkGof; lnP x'P cf} / b] vt] –b] vt] j] jL/ u+h sL ulnof] + d] + vf] uP .

ox ;Gbe{ x} – jL/ u+h s] Ps o'jf Joj;foL, pBdL åf/ f lnlvt pkGof;– åf/ f lnlvt pkGof;– …cg'/ fwf ejgÚ s] ljdf] rg ;df/ f] x sf . k"j{k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g] kfn sf eL cf} Bf] lus gu/ L jL/ +uh ;] ljut d] + k|uf9Þ ;DaGw / xf x} .

cGo cltlyåo k|v/ kqsf/ lszf] / g] kfn cf} / cfly{s klqsf s] ;Dkfbs–k|sfzs dbg nD;fn sL l6Kk0fL s] afb ljdf] lrt u|Gy, …cg'/ fwf ejgÚ s] ljifo d] + af] nt] x'P k"j{ k|d g] pkGof; sL vljof]+ k/ pbf/ tfk"j{s k|sfz 8fnf . ;Dk"0f{ pkGof; sf] dgf] of] uk"j{s, k9g] s] afb sL uO{ ;dLIff ;] ;|f] tfu0f eL clee"t x'cf .

h} ;f ls ljdf] lrt pkGof; d] + jl0f{t Ps dWod juL{o Jofkf/ L kl/ jf/ sf cfly{s ptf/ –r9Þfj, jL/ u+h d] + tTsfnLg Jofkf/ L cfly{s cf} / / fhg} lts cj: yf Og ;eL kIff] + sf ljzb lrq0f, ;eL sf lbn 5" n] g] jfnf k|: t'lts/ 0f sf avfg s/ t] ;do k"j{ k|wfgdGqL g] kfn af/ –af/ efjs' xf] p7t] y] cf} / ljdf] lrt k': ts s] p4/ 0ff] + sf] k9Þ s/ ;'gfg] nut] y] . Jo: t / fhgLlt1 sf P] ;f ;flxlTog'/ fu b] vs/ ;eL ;'vb cfZro{ d] + y] . g] tf sf ;dLIfs ¿kfGt/ 0f b] vt] xL agtf yf . ljåfg l6Kk0fLsf/ f] + g] u0f] z hL sf k|yd k|of; xL Otgf cR5L x} tf] cfu] –cfu] pg;] cf} / eL cR5L s[ltof] + sL pDdLb hflx/ sL .

kqsf/ zlz sf syf;+u|x afhf/ d] + k"j{k|wfgdGqL ha jL/ u+h

sL ulnof] d] + vf] hfP


;dfrf/

lxdflngL 8]:s

tldn j] b lt?Ss'/ n cf} / lxGbL sL gLlt sljtf k/ nlntgf/ fo0f ljZjljBfno lxGbL ljefu cf} / ;] +6«n O+: 6LRo"6\ cf‘km Snfl;sn tldn -r] GgO{_ s] ;+o'St tTjfwfg d] + lbgf+s @$ km/ j/ L sf] Ps cGt/ / fi6«Lo ;+uf] i7L cfof] lht sL uO{ . sfo{s|d sL z'?cft 8f= ljlkg s'df/ ld>f s] ;|f] tufog ;] x'O{ . cfksL ufog z} nL g] ;eL sf] d+qd'uw s/ lbof . p;s] afb ldlynf uf} / j ;] ;Ddflgt ddtf 7fs'/ g] ljBfklt sL u'F;fpgL ufs/ Ps wfld{s zdf afFw lbof . ;+uf] i7L sf pb\3f6g lj=lj s] pk s'nklt dxf] bo dfggLo czf] s s'zjfxf hL g] lsof . pGxf] +g] sxf ls tldn d] + / lrt gLlt sfJo cf} / lxGbL sL gLlt sljtf sL ;xwld{tf k/ ljrf/ s/ gf cfh ;do sL dfFu x} . s'nklt g] sxf ls laxf/ ;] 5fqf] + sf] blIf0f ef/ t e] hf hfPuf tfls bf] gf] + If] qf] + s] aLr ljrf/ f] + sf cfbfg k|bfg xf] ;s] . ;+uf] i7L d] + atf} / d'Vo cltly r] GgO{ s] 8f=kL=s] =afn;'a|Xd0od g] sxf ls tldn d] + ljBfklt cf} / ldlynf d] + lt?jNn'j/ sL rrf{ s/ xL xd ckgL / fi6«Lotf sf] ;d[4 s/ ;st] x} + . sfo{s|d d] + g] kfn s] k|ltlglwTj sf] b] vs/ pGxf] +g] P] ;L xL ;+uf] i7L g] kfn d] + eL s/ g] sL OR5f htfO{ . lqe'jg ljZjljBfno sL lxGbL ljefufWoIf 8f‘= Zj] tf bLlKt g] atf} / ljlzi7 cltly sxf ls k'/ fg] ;do d] + gLlt sljtf

g] ;fdflhs snxf] + sf] b"/ s/ g] sL sf] lzz sL yL cf} / ;dfh d] + ;dGjo : yflkt lsof yf . t'n;L bf; ;dGjojfbL slj y] ctM pGxf] +g] ;dfh d] + rn / x] ;+3iff] {+ sf] b"/ s/ g] s] lnP dfg; sL / rgf sL cf} / ;dfh sNof0f sf sfd lsof . pGxf] g] sxf ls lxGbL ;flxTo sL ;'bL3{ k/ Dk/ f / xL x} cf} / O;g] ;dfh s] k|lt ckg] bfloTj sf k"/ f lgjf{x lsof x} . cWoIftf s/ t] x'P k"j{ ;+sfofWoIf 8f‘= ls/ 0f z+s/ k|;fb g] sxf ls sljtf sfGtf;Ddt pkb] z x} . oxL gLlt sfJo sf pb\ud x} . vt/ gfs 9+u ;] slj xf] g] sf ;fx; xL gLlt sfJo sL / rgf s/ ;stf x} . pGxf] +g] sxf ls cfw'lgs slj eL gLlt sljtf lnv / x] x} + cf} / pg k/ eL rrf{ sL

hfgL rflxP . b";/ ] ;q sf pb\3f6g s/ t] x'P

k|lts'nklt k|f] = ;} ob d'dtfh'2Lg g] sxf ls gLlt sljtf lbnf] + ;] lgsntL x} cf} / lbn ts kx'FrtL x} . pGxf] +g] sxf ls kmf/ ;L d] + eL gLlt sljtf sL a'nGb k/ Dk/ f / xL x} , lh;sf ;+jfb ;+: s[t Pj+ lxGbL gLlt sljtf ;] xf] tf / xtf x} . O; df} s] k/ blIf0f ef/ t lxGbL k|rf/ ;ef, db|f; sL s'n;lrj 8f‘= lgd{nf df] / ] g] atf} / d'Vo cltly sxf ls tldn cf} / lxGbL ;d] t tdfd efiffcf] + sL efjgfTds Pstf sf] / ] vf+lst s/ gf ;do sL dfFu x} . g] kfn ;+: s[t lj=lj= dl6xfgL sf‘n] h sf k|ltlglwTj s/ t] x'P k"gd emf g] lxGbL cf} / g] kfnL gLlt sljtf k/ rrf{ lsof ;fy xL lxdflngL lxGbL klqsf s] k|wfg ;+kfbs >L / d] z emf hL g] ;+: s[t, lxGbL cf} / g] kfnL gLlt sljtf k/ Wofgfsif{0f s/ fof . hgsk'/ / f=/ f sfn] h lxGbL ljefu s] / fh] z emf g] eL lxGbL efiff k/ k|sfz 8fnf . dl6xfgL s] lxGbL efiff ;+3 s] cWoIf >L / fds[i0f ;fx, k|f] = ;tLz s'df/ l;+x, 8f‘= / fdrGb| rGb|] z cflb g] eL ljrf/ JoSt lsP . sfo{s|d sL cWoIftf s/ / x] 8f‘ k|df] b 7fs'/ g] cWoIfLo efif0f d] + ckg] k|efjzfnL jStJo ;] ;af] + sf] d'Uw s/ lbof . n=gf=lj=lj=lxGbL ljefu s] cWoIf 8f=/ fdrGb| 7fs'/ g] cltlyof] + sf ;Ddfg lsof tyf ;+of] hs 8f‘= rGb|efg' k|;fb l;x+ g] cToGt s'zntf cf} / jfs\k6'tf s] ;fy d+r ;+rfng lsof . O; cj;/ k/ lj=lj=lxGbL ljefu sL : dfl/ sf sf ljdf] rg x'cf lh;d] + !*% zf] w cfn] v ;dflxt x} + . sfo{s|d lgM;Gb] x pknlAwd"ns / xL . lll

gLlt cf} / k|Llt hLjg sL d'Vo cfwf/ lznfP+


;dfrf/

cfu|x eL pGxf+] g] lsof . k"j{ ;ef;b sl/ df j] ud g] / f] 6L cf} /

a] 6L ;+aGw sf] d'xfa/ f gxL+ agfs/ Jojxf/ d] + ptf/ g] s] lnP bf] gf] b] zf] + sL ;/ sf/ sf] lhDd] jf/ agg] s] lnP cfu|x lsof . dw] zL hgtf s] ;fy ;f} t] nf Jojxf/ xf] g] sL aft atft] x'P ;xefluof] + g] ef/ t s] sf/ 0f xL dw] z sf ljsf; gxL+ xf] g] sf cf/ f] k nufof . dw] z s] hgtf sL ;bfzotf sf] ef/ t u+eL/ tf ;] gxL+ n] g] sf cf/ f] k eL ;xefluof] + g] nufof .

O;L t/ x dw] zL hgflwsf/ kmf] / d s] g] tf k|bLk ofbj g] : ki6 ¿k ;] sxf ls xd ef/ t ;] s'5 df+u gxL+ / x] x} + n] lsg ef/ t sf] rflxP sL dw] z sf] ;d] 6 s/ rn] . ;LdfIf] q sL hgtf cu/ ;fy d] + g xf] tf] ef/ t s] lnP eL d'lZsn cfg] sL r] tfjgL eL pGxf] g] lbof .

dLl8of kmf‘/ af] 8{/ xf/ df] gL s] cWoIf cd/ ] Gb| ltjf/ L g] sfo{qmd d] + p7] ;eL ;d: ofcf] + sf] bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] ;f+;b dfkm{t k|wfgdGqL ts kxF'rfg] sL k|lta4tf hgfof . sfo{qmd s] dfkm{t ef/ t g] kfn ;Ldf k/ ag] nf] s ;dLlt d] + hg k|ltlglw sf] zfldn xf] g] sf cfu|x lsof x} . O;L t/ x ;Ldf If] q k/ 1fg s] Gb| cf} / P6LPd / vg] sf df+u sL uO{ x} . bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] jfxg sf] Ps b";/ ] b] z d] + lgMz'Ns k|j] z cf} / 6] lnkmf] g dx;'n sf] cf} / sd s/ g] sf df+u sL uO{ x} . O;L t/ x ef/ tLo kxrfg kq k/ g] kfn cf} / g] kfnL kxrfg kq k/ ef/ t d] + Joj;fo s/ g] sL ;'ljwf sL df+u sL uoL x} . vf; s/ g] kfn s] dw] z s] ljsf; s] lnP ef/ t s] ljz] if k} s] h sL Joj: yf s/ g] s] lnP eL df+u lsof uof x} . a'4 ;ls{6 sf ljsf; cf} / bf] gf] b] zf] + s] aLr v] ns"b Pj+ ;fF: s[lts dxf] T;j lg/ Gt/ cfof] hgf s/ g] sf df+u eL lsof uof x} . sfo{qmd d] + g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] ;LdfIf] q s] ;f+;b, a'l4hLjL, kqsf/ cf} / a8ÞL ;+Vof d] + ;LdfIf] q s] jfl;of] + sL ;xeflutf yL .

sfo{qmd d] + bf] gf] + b] zf] s] ;+aGw sf] n] s/ Ps : dfl/ sf l/ Zt] sf eL nf] sfk{0f lsof uof . O;L t/ x g] kfn ef/ t ;+aGw sf] ;'b[9 agfg] s] lnP lg/ Gt/ nu] g] kfn ;] ;xefuL kqsf/ k+sh bf;, lk|o+sf kf08] , : g] xf emf, r~rnf bf; Pj+ s~rgf emf sf] bf] zfnf cf] 9Þfs/ ;Ddfg lsof uof . O;L t/ x g] kfn ;] ;xefuL ;ef;b Pj+ / fhgLlts bn s] g] tfcf] + sf] ldlynf sf k|lt kfu kxgfs/ ;Ddflgt lsof uof ..

k|:t'ltM s~rgf emf

g] kfn cf} / ef/ t aLr s] ;LdfIf] q sL] hgtf g] gLlt lgdf{tfcf] + sf] cfu|x lsof x} ls ;LdfIf] q sL ;d: of sf] u+eL/ tf s] ;fy n] + . dLl8of kmf‘/ af] 8{/ xf/ df] gL åf/ f ef/ t laxf/ s] d'hkm\km/ k'/ d] + cfof] lht OG8f] g] kfn ;ld6–@)!% s] ;xefluof] + g] ef/ t g] kfn s] ;LdfjtL{ If] q s] ljsf; s] lnP bf] gf] + b] zf] + ;] ;femf ljz] if k} s] h b] g] sL df+u sL x} . ;LdfIf] q d] + u/ LaL, clzIff ,c;'/ Iff s] ;DaGw d] + rrf{ s/ t] x'P sfo{qmd s] ;xefluof] + g] ;lbof] + ;] bf] b] zf] + s] aLr rn] cf / x] ;+aGw sf] cf} / ;'b[9 s/ g] s] lnP ;LdfIf] q d] + xf] / xL 5f] 6L–5f] 6L ;d: ofcf] + sf] gh/ cGbfh gxL+ s/ g] s] lnP bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] ;/ sf/ sf] cfu|x eL lsof .

sfo{qmd d] + d'hˆkmk'/ s] ;f+;b cho lgiffb g] ;LdfIf] q sL 5f] 6L–5f] 6L ;d: of bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] ;/ sf/ ts gxL+ kxF'r kfg] s] sf/ 0f l: ylt u+eL/ agg] sL aft sL . pGxf+] g] ;LdfjtL{ If] qf] + d] + hgtf sL lbg k|ltlbg s] r'gf} tL s] k|lt ;+j] bgzLn xf] g] k/ hf] 8Þ lbof .

O;L t/ x ;f+;b clgn ;xgL g] lk5n] s'5 ;fnf] + d] + bf] gf] + b] z s] l/ Zt] d] + yf] 8ÞL ;L v6f; cfg] sL aft sf] : jLsf/ s/ t] x'P k|wfgdGqL g/ ] Gb| df] bL s] g] kfn e|d0f s] afb bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] ;+aGw d] + qmlds ¿k ;] ;'wf/ cfg] sf lhs| lsof . g] kfn s] cf] / ;] ;ld6 d] + ;xefuL ;ef;b nId0f nfn s0f{ g] ef/ t ;] h'8Þ] g] kfnL ;Ldf If] q s] ljsf; s] dfdn] d] + ax't kL5] xf] g] sL aft atfoL . pGxf] +g] dw] z s] ljsf; s] lnP lxGbL sf] ;Dks{ efiff s] ¿k d] + cfu] a9Þfg] s] lnP ;eL sf] ;xof] u s/ g] sf cfu|x eL lsof .

k"j{ ;ef;b lht] Gb| ;f] gn g] g] kfn s] dw] zL ;d'bfo b'vL xf] g] sL aft atfO{ . dw] z sf] ckg] 5f] 6] efO{ ;demg] jfn] ef/ t sf] rflxP sL clwsf/ s] lnP n8Þ / x] dw] zL hgtf sf ;xof] u s/ g] sf

O08f] g]kfn ;ld6 @)!%


d] ifM -r"= r] = rf] = nf= nL= n"= n] = nf] = c=_ – d] if / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx si6bfos x} + . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + / f] u, xflg, zq'eo tyflk lsl~rt wgk|flKt xf] uL . pQ/ f4{ eL z'ebfos gxL+ t;y{ …ç gdM lzjfoÚ sf hfk s/ ] + .

a[ifM -O= p= P= cf] = af= lj= a'= j] = jf] =_ – j[if / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx z'ebfos x} . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + wg k|flKt, rf} kfonfe, ;'v tyf sfo{l;4 . k/ Gt' zf/ Ll/ s si6 tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + eL ;'v, b|Jonfe k/ Gt' : qLsi6 tyf zf] s sf] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf, t;y{ lji0f' zx: qgfd sf kf7s s/ ] .

ldy'gM -s= ls= s'= 3= ª= 5= s] = sf] = x_ – ldy'g / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod kmnbfos x} . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + wg k|flKt, nfe k/ Gt' wd{xflg, zf] s tyf zq'j[l4 xf] uL . pQ/ fw{ d] + zf/ Ll/ s si6 xf] t] x'P eL wg k|flKt, ;'v, nfe tyf sfo{l;4 xf] uL tyflk cfk b'uf{ ;KtztL sf kf7 s/ ] , nfes/ l;4 xf] uf .

ss{6M -lx= x'= x] = xf] = 8f= 8 ÞL= 8Þ'= 8Þ] = 8Þf] _ – ss{6 / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;fdfGotof z'e xL / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + ;'v, ceo, nfe, wgk|flKt, k/ Gt' kL8f, dgd'6fj tyf k'qsi6 sf] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf . pQ/ fw{ d] + wd{xflg xf] t] x'P eL ;'v, rf} kfo nfe gjsfo{ k|f/ De xf] uf tyflk cfk xg'dfg rfln;f sf kf7 s/ ] +, nfes/ xf] uf .

l;+xM -df= ld= d'= d] = df] = 6f= l6= 6'= 6] _ – l;x / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx z'e gxL+, dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + Joy{ e|d0f, Joo, lrGtf zq'j[l4, rf} kfof xflg kZrft\ eL lsl~rt wgk|flKt xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + eL sf] O{ ljz] if nfe gxL+ t;y{ cfk …ç j[= j[x: kto] gdMÚ sf hfk s/ ] + tyf xg'dfg rfln;f sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

sGofM -6f] = k= kL= k"= if= 0f= 7= k] = kf] =_ – sGof / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;fdfGotof z'e bfos x} + . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + ljho, nfe, czf] s k/ Gt' zf/ Ll/ s si6 tyf Joo sf] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf . cf} / pQ/ fw{ dWod x} , hxfF ljklq sL cg'ej, jxL wg k|flKt tyf e|d0f sf of] u eL . cfk …ç gdM lzjfoÚ sf hfk s/ ] + .

t'nfM -/ f= l/ = ?= / ] = / f] = tf= tL= t'= t] =_ – t'nf / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod kmnbfos x} + . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + ze'eo, zf] s, k/ Gt' ;'v wgnfe, ljho tyf pGglt xf] uL . dfx s] pQ/ fw{ d] + zf/ Ll/ s si6, xflg, tyflk ceo tyf ljho k|flKt xf] uL . cfk s] lnP ;"o{ tyf lzj sL pkf;gf nfes/ xf] uL .

j[lZrsM -tf] gf= lg= g'= gf] = of= lo= o'_ – j[lZrs / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod x} , dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + 8/ , wgIfo, sfo{gfz s] jfjh"b k'q ;'v tyf efUof] bo . pQ/ fw{ d] + wg k|flKt, ;'v, k/ Gt' z'q ;] ;jfwfgL jt{gL xf] uL . cfk b'uf{ zKt;tL sf kf7 s/ ] .

wg'M -o= of] = ef= eL= e"= w= kmf= 9= e] =_ – wg' / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx z'e gxL+ tyflk dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + wgk|flKt . k/ Gt' cGo ;eL kIff] + d] + c;Gt'i6L tyf pQ/ fw{ eL si6bfos xL tyflk k'q;'v tyf b|Jonfe xf] uf . cfk s] lnP b'uf{ zKt;tL sf kf7 nfes/ l;4 xf] uf .

ds/ M -ef] = hf= hL= h'= h] = hf] = v= lv= v'= vf] = uf= uL_ – ds/ / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;fdfGotof z'e x} + . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + rf} kfo nfe, wg k|flKt, dfgj[l4, cfo'j[l4, ;'v k|flKt k/ Gt' c1ft eo sL ;Defjgf tyf pQ/ fw{ cfk s] lnP clt z'e x} – rf} kfof nfe, efUof] bo, sfo{l;l4 k/ Gt' dg r~rntf / x] uL . t;y{ cfk xg'dfg rfln;f sf kf7 s/ ] + .

s'DeM -u'= u] = uf] = ;f= ;L= ;'= ;] = ;f] = b=_ – s'De / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx si6bfos x} +, dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + : yfg xflg, z'qeo, / f] u, dgd'6fj tyflk b|Jonfe . pQ/ fw{ d] + rf} kfo xflg tyf c;+t'li6 t;y{ cfk s] lnP lzjk"hg tyf …ç gdM lzjfoÚ sf hfk nfe s/ xf] uf .

dLgM -bL= b'= y= em= `= b] = bf] = bL= r= rL_ – dLg / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod kmnbfos x} +, dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + si6, aGwg, wd{xflg k/ Gt' ;'v, 1fgj[l4, gjsfo{ k|f/ De tyf sfo{l;l4 xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + : yfg xflg, dg r~rn, k/ Gt' b|Jonfe tyf sfo{l;l4 xf] uL . cfk s] lnP …ç j[+ j[x: ktfo] gdMÚ sf hfk nfes/ xf] uf .

-ox / flzkmn ! dfr{ ;] n] s/ #! dfr{ ts nfu" xf] uf_/ flzkmn k|: t't / flzkmn ! dfr{ ;] #) dfr{ ts nfu" xf] uf

n] vsM k+=Hof] = x/ ] s[i0f emf -Hof] ltiffrfo{_df] = g= (*$$)&@!(^, sf7df+8Þ"

d}lynL l;g] ;+;f/ klqsf s] rf}y] jflif{s cj;/ k/

cfof]lht sfo{qmd d]+ ;xefuL

jl/i7 l;g]sdL{ gL/ zfx tyf cGo snfsdL{ .


dgf]/~hg8fo/ ] S6/ k|bLk ;/ sf/ sL lkmNd …

dbf{gLÚ s] lnP PS6«] ; / fgL d'vhL{ sf] g] zgn cjfÚ8{ ;] ;Ddflgt lsof uof x} . j} ;] , / fgL sf] a] : 6 PS6«] ; of lkmNd s] lnP cjf‘8{ gxL+ lbof hf / xf x} , alNs lkmNd …dbf{gLÚ d] + dlxnfcf] + cf} / aRrf] + sL ;'/ Iff cf} / arfj h} ;] d'2] sf] l;Nj/ : qmLg k/ a] afsL ;] ;fy k] z s/ g] s] lnP g] zgn cjf‘8{ ldnf x} .

aLt] d+unjf/ , / fgL d'vhL{ sf] …k|fO8 Og o"lgkmfÚd{ O+: kfol/ +u r] +h' cjfÚ8{ j'd] g / fO6\; PlS6lj: 6 cf} / ;f] zn js{/ >L¿kf ldqf rf} w/ L g] lbof . O; ;df/ f] x d] + dxfTdf uf+wL sL kf] tL tf/ f uf+wL eL df} h"b yL . uf} / tna x} ls lkmNd …dbf{gLÚ d] + / fgL d'vhL{ qmfOd a|f+r cf‘lkm;/ lzjfgL lzjfhL / f‘o sL bdbf/ e"ldsf d] + gh/ cfO{ yL+ . lkmNd …dbf{gLÚ sL sxfgL ;] S; 6«} lkmls+u s] Ob{–lub{ 3"dtL x} . lkmNd sf] lqml6S; cf} / bz{sf] + g] v"a ;/ fxf yf .

oz/ fh sL x6s/ nj : 6f] / L …bd nuf s] xOzfÚ

cfo'idfg v'/ fgf cf} / e"ld k] 80f] s/ s] clego ;] ;hL lkmNd …bd nuf s] xOzfÚ l;g] df3/ f] + d] + cf r'sL x} . lk5n] z'qmjf/ l/ nLh x'O{ …abnfk'/ ' s] afb

O; lkmNd g] eL af‘S; cf‘lkm; jfsO{ bd nufg] sL ;kmn sf] lzz sL x} . lkmNd sL 6} u nfOg x} …nj sd Og cfÚn ;fOh] ;' cf} / ox k"/ L lkmNd sL sxfgL sf] l8: qmfOj s/ tL x} . ca ts …e] hf k|mfOÚ, …lkmNnd l;6LÚ, …xd t'd cf} / zafgfÚ h} ;L lkmNdf] + sL sxfgL lnv r's] z/ t s6fl/ of g] O; lkmNd s] hl/ P 8fo/ ] Szg sL b'lgof d] + sbd / vf x} .

g] zgn cjf‘8{ ;] ;Ddflgt x'O{+ …dbf{gLÚ/ fgL d'vhL{


t:jL/]

ef/t–g]kfn k|m]08zLk df]6/¥ofnL–@)!% ;DaGwL sfo{qmd d]+ ef/tLo /fhb"t cf}/ cGo kbflwsf/L

ef/tLo ;+:s[lts s]Gb| s] snfsf/f]+ åf/f g[To k|:t'lt .

hindi magazine march 2015 ,nepal

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