hilos y señales

5/9/2018 Hilos y Señales - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hilos-y-senales 1/65

@IALW Y WKÔDAKW^KJKW ALGDAKW JK JDZLW ¾ [HIJDJ 7



ZKMD 46 Z^DHWMIWI×H

JK WKÔDAKW



[hd wkôda glhwiwzk kh {hd wk~ik jk sdz~lhkw kaégz~iglw { ÷sziglw t{k wk z~dhwmizkh jk {hjiwslwizivl glhkgzdjl d lz~l( Kwzlw sdz~lhkw ~ks~kwkhzdh nizw jieizdakw y wk z~dhwsl~zdh d z~dvéw jkalw mkjilw glml vlazdfk l glml sdz~lhkw a{mihlwlw(

G{dhjl adw wkôdakw aakedh d jkwzihl! wk v{kavkh d glhvk~zi~ kh nizw jieizdakw( Kpiwzkh z~kw mézljlwglm{hkw jk z~dhwmiwi÷h jk wkôdakw6

Wkôdakw kaégz~igdw ¾ Ad z~dhwmiwi÷h wk ale~d ~ks~kwkhzdhjl alw jdzlw glml s{awlw kaégz~iglw wln~kgdnakw jk gln~k(

Wkôdakw ÷szigdw ¾ Ad z~dhwmiwi÷h wk ale~d glhvi~zikhjl adw wkôdakw kaégz~igdw kh s{awlw a{mihlwlw(

Wkôdakw ihdaämn~igdw ¾ Ad z~dhwmiwi÷h wk ale~d {ziaidhjl iho~d~~lfl! mig~llhjdw! { lhjdw jk~djil d z~dvéw jka kwsdgil ain~k(

Ka s~kwkhzk gdsíz{al jkwg~ink gdjd {hl jk alw mézljlw jk z~dhwmiwi÷h jk wkôdakw( Ad víd sl~ adg{da vidfdh alw jdzlw jkwjk {h {w{d~il `dwzd ka lz~l s{kjk kmsakd~ mäw jk {hl jk kwzlw mézljlw(

7(4 Z^DHWMIWI×H JK WKÔDAKW

� ^KJKW ALGDAKW JK JDZLW ¾ [HIJDJ 7



Alw kwskgz~lw ihdaämn~iglw zikhkh z~kw mkjilw jiok~khgidjlw jk z~dhwmiwi÷h6

lLhjd a{mihlwd - Adw lhjdw iho~d~~lfdw! wlh lhjdw a{mihlwdw jk mkhl~ o~kg{khgid t{kad t{k ka lfl `{mdhl s{kjk gdszd~ sl~ wí wlal( Kh ekhk~da! hl wk {ziaidh adw lhjdwiho~d~~lfdw sd~d g{n~i~ e~dhjkw jiwzdhgidw(

lLhjdw jk ~djil y mig~llhjdw - [h wiwzkmd m{y s~ägzigl y koigd kh adwglm{higdgilhkw sl~ mkjilw ihdaämn~iglw wlh adw lhjdw jk ~djil l adw mig~llhjdw sd~dad z~dhwmiwi÷h jk wkôdakw( Adw mig~llhjdw zdmniéh wk {ziaidh kh alw ~djd~kw(

lDgöwzigl {az~dw÷higl) - Dae{hlw jiwslwizivlw jk mlhizl~kl! glml adw dad~mdw dhzi-

~lnlw! kmsakdh lhjdw jk wlhijl dgöwzigl d o~kg{khgidw sl~ khgimd jka ~dhel jka líjl`{mdhl( Lz~l kfkmsal kw ka wlhd~( D vkgkw! wk alw gadwioigd jkhz~l jk alw wiwzkmdwihdaämn~iglw(


�

^KJKW ALGDAKW JK JDZLW ¾ [HIJDJ 7



[hl jk alw mdyl~kw lnwzäg{alw t{k s{kjk khglhz~d~ {hd wkôda kw ka kwo{k~l hkgkwd~ilsd~d sdwd~ sl~ ka gdnak( Kwzl wk jkhlmihd ~kwiwzkhgid( Ad ~kwiwzkhgid zikhjk d ~kj{gi~ ado{k~d jk {hd wkôda( G{dhjl kwzl w{gkjk! wk al aadmd dzkh{dgi÷h(

Ka ~{ijl kw lz~d gd{wd jk jiwzl~wi÷h y jke~djdgi÷h( Ka ~{ijl s{kjk kwzd~ s~lvlgdjl sl~wkôdakw kaégz~igdw! lhjdw jk ~djil l mig~llhjdw! l s{kjk s~lvkhi~ jk wkôdakw kh gdnakwdjydgkhzkw(


�





�




Ad dzkh{dgi÷h zdmniéh wk s~lj{gk glh adw wkôdakw ÷szigdw( Ad oin~d dnwl~nk y kwsd~gksd~zk jk ad khk~eíd a{mihlwd d mkjijd t{k ka s{awl a{mihlwl vidfd sl~ ad oin~d( Kh éwzd!ad dzkh{dgi÷h wk s{kjk vk~ ihoa{khgidjd sl~ ad alheiz{j jk lhjd l ka glal~ jk ad a{! sl~ka {wl jk oin~d mlhlmljl l m{azimljl! y sl~ ka vij~il t{k wk {ziaigk sd~d odn~igd~ ad

oin~d( D{h g{dhjl wk lszimigkh kwzdw lsgilhkw! kw ihkvizdnak t{k wk s~lj{gd gik~zle~djl jk dzkh{dgi÷h(

Zdmniéh dokgzd d adw lhjdw jk ~djil y adw mig~llhjdw! jknijl d t{k éwzdw wk dnwl~nkh ywk kwsd~gkh kh ad dzm÷wok~d( Kwzl wk jkhlmihd jiwsk~wi÷h( Adw ~koakpilhkw jk adwjiwzihzdw kwz~{gz{~dw kh ad víd jk ad wkôda zdmniéh ~ksk~g{zkh kh ad glhoidniaijdj jk adw

wkôdakw jk ~djil y s~lvlgdh dzkh{dgi÷h(


�




Ka ~{ijl wk s~lj{gk kh alwwiwzkmdw jieizdakw y dhda÷eiglw( Khka gdwl jk adw wkôdakw dhda÷eigdw!ad wkôda wk v{kavk ~{ijlwd ydjt{ik~k {h wlhijl jk ~dwsdjl(Sl~ kfkmsal! {hd glhvk~wdgi÷hzkako÷higd wk s{kjk vk~ihzk~~{msijd sl~ alw ~{ijlw kh kaolhjl jk ad aíhkd(

Kh alw wiwzkmdw jieizdakw! alw nizw dvkgkw s{kjkh o{wilhd~wk! y! khkwzlw gdwlw! ad glms{zdjl~d jkjkwzihl yd hl kw gdsd jkjiwzihe{i~alw( Glml ~kw{azdjl! wks~lj{gk {h d{mkhzl kh ad zdwd jkk~~l~kw jk niz!


�




Ad jidolhíd wk s~lj{gk g{dhjl adwwkôdakw jk {h gdnak ihzk~oik~kh khgdnakw djydgkhzkw( Sl~ al ekhk~da! kwzllg{~~k g{dhjl `dy vd~ilw gdnakw {hijlwkh {h mdhlfl( Ka {wl jk gdnakw jk sd~z~khdjl dy{jd d ~kj{gi~ ad jidolhíd(

Ad jidolhíd wk s~lj{gk m{g`dw vkgkwkh ka s{hzl jlhjk ka glhkgzl~ wk {hk dagdnak( Kwzk okh÷mkhl wk glhlgk glmlsd~djidolhíd HKPZ)(

Wi `dy m{g`lw gdnakw hl z~khdjlw! adwwkôdakw wk kmizkh d lz~lw sd~kw( Wi nikhka naihjdfk s{kjk dy{jd~ d jiwmih{i~alw s~lnakmdw jk jidolhíd! alw mézljlwjk s~kvkhgi÷h mäw koigdgkw imsaigdh adglhkpi÷h g{ijdjlwd jk alw glhkgzl~kw yka mdhzkhimikhzl jka z~khdjl jksd~kw(


�




Dae{hdw jk adw o{khzkw kpzk~hdwjk ims{awlw kaégz~iglw t{ks{kjkh dzdgd~ ad gdaijdj jk adwwkôdakw kaégz~igdw jka gdnak wlh

alw dggkwl~ilw jk ia{mihdgi÷h!alw mlzl~kw kaégz~iglw y alwwiwzkmdw jk ~djil(

Kwzlw zislw jk ihzk~ok~khgid wkjkhlmihdh ihzk~ok~khgidkakgz~lmdehézigd KMI) kihzk~ok~khgid jk ~djilo~kg{khgid^OI)(


�




Ad gdhgkadgi÷h kw ad zéghigd t{kmäw wk {ziaid sd~d s~lzkek~ alwgdnakw jk sd~ z~khdjl jkihzk~ok~khgidw ihjkwkdnakw( Adgdhgkadgi÷h wk ale~d z~khdhjl alw

dadmn~kw jk d sd~kw jkhz~l jkagdnak y glhz~ladhjlg{ijdjlwdmkhzk t{k adodn~igdgi÷h jka gdnak ed~dhzigkzlak~dhgidw oíwigdw s~kgiwdw(

Kh ka gdwl jk {h gdnak t{k {ziaid naihjdfk! {hd mdaad l {h sdskamkzäaigl ~kg{n~k gdjd sd~ jkdadmn~kw l e~{sl jk sd~kw jkdadmn~kw(


�




ZKMD >6 HLGILHKW

NÄWIGDW JKWKÔDAKW

KAÉGZ^IGDW



7(> HLGILHKW NÄWIGDW JK WKÔDAKWKAÉGZ^IGDW

�




� _lazdfk - Ka vlazdfk! d vkgkw jkhlmihdjl o{k~d kakgz~lmlz~i KMO)! kw {hd o{k~d kaégz~igdt{k wk ndwd kh ka jkwkt{iain~il jk adw gd~edw( Ka vlazdfk zdmniéh wk s{kjk g~kd~ sl~ o~iggi÷hkakgz~igijdj kwzäzigd)! sl~ mdehkziwml ekhk~djl~ kaégz~igl) l sl~ a{ géa{ad wlad~)( Ka vlazdfkwk ~ks~kwkhzd glh ad akz~d ._. y d vkgkw glh ad akz~d .K.! t{k gl~~kwslhjk d o{k~d kakgz~lmlz~i(Ad {hijdj jk mkjijd jka vlazdfk kw ka vlazil _)(

� Gl~~ikhzk ¾ Ad gl~~ikhzk kaégz~igd kw ka ~izml jk oa{fl jk gd~edw t{k wk g~kd g{dhjl alwkakgz~lhkw wk jkwsaddh( Ad {hijdj jk mkjijd jk ad gl~~ikhzk kw ka dmsk~il dms) y wk~ks~kwkhzd glh ad akz~d .D.( Ad akz~d .I. zdmniéh ~ks~kwkhzd ad gl~~ikhzk(

� ^kwiwzkhgid ¾ Alw mdzk~idakw sl~ mkjil jk alw g{dakw gi~g{ad ad gl~~ikhzk s~kwkhzdh jiwzihzlwe~djlw jk lslwigi÷h! l ~kwiwzkhgid! da mlvimikhzl jk alw kakgz~lhkw( Ad akz~d .^. ~ks~kwkhzd ad

~kwiwzkhgid( Ad {hijdj jk mkjijd jk ad ~kwiwzkhgid kw ka l`mil )(

� Slzkhgid ¾ Ad slzkhgid kw {hd mkjijd jk ad vkalgijdj glh ad t{k wk s{kjk ~kdaid~ {h z~dndfl{ziaidhjl ad kakgz~igijdj jiwslhinak(


�




Ad gl~~ikhzk glhzih{d GG) kw ka oa{fl l jkwsaddmikhzl jk kakgz~lhkw kh {hd ji~kggi÷h(@dy GG kh adw ndzk~ídw jk aihzk~hdw! kh adw ndzk~ídw jk d{zlm÷viakw! y kh ad khk~eíd sd~dalw mig~lg`isw jk {hd glms{zdjl~d( Gdwi zljlw alw jiwslwizivlw kakgz~÷higlw k

ihol~mäziglw {ziaidh GG(Kh {h gi~g{izl jk GG! alw kakgz~lhkw kmk~ekh jka slal hkedzivl y wk jkwsaddh `dgid kaslal slwizivl( Ad ihzkhwijdj jk ad gl~~ikhzk s{kjk vd~id~ glh ka zikmsl! sk~l adji~kggi÷h ekhk~da jka jkwsaddmikhzl kw wikms~k ad miwmd(


�




Ad GD zikhk vd~idw vkhzdfdw imsl~zdhzkw( Ad mäw imsl~zdhzk kw t{k ka vlazdfk wk s{kjkgdmnid~ glh ka {wl jk {h z~dhwol~mdjl~ jk khk~eíd( Kwzl sk~mizk d{mkhzd~ ka vlazdfksd~d ad z~dhwmiwi÷h l ad jiwz~in{gi÷h(

G{dhjl ad gl~~ikhzk oa{yk! wk jkwd~~laadh aíhkdw jk o{k~d mdehézigdw da~kjkjl~ jk alwgdnakw( Ad gl~~ikhzk dazk~hd gdmnid jk ji~kggi÷h ~ke{ad~mkhzk( Kwzl wiehioigd t{k zljlwalw gdmslw mdehéziglw zikhkh t{k gladswd~ y vlavk~ d ol~md~wk kh ad ji~kggi÷h ls{kwzd(D mkjijd t{k alw gdmslw mdehéziglw gladswdh y wk ~kglhwz~{ykh! ekhk~dh gl~~ikhzk kh

alw gdnakw gk~gdhlw( Kwzd dggi÷h kw ka s~ihgisil wln~k ka g{da lsk~dh alw z~dhwol~mdjl~kwy adw lhjdw jk ~djil(


�





�




Ad ihj{gzdhgid kwzä ji~kgzdmkhzk ~kadgilhdjd glh ad alheiz{j jka gdnak! sl~ kwl kwimsl~zdhzk hl jkfd~ gdnakw oalflw kh ka zkhjijl( D mkjijd t{k ad vkalgijdj jk adw ~kjkwd{mkhzd! kw o{hjdmkhzda t{k hl `dyd sd~zkw jk gdnak e{d~jdjdw kh ~laalw( yd t{k alwgdmslw mdehéziglw jk {h gdnak s{kjkh ihj{gi~ ka vlazdfk d alw gdnakw djydgkhzkw y! wi wk

kh~laad {h gdnak! ka kokgzl jk ad ihj{gzdhgid wk mdehioigd(

Ad ~kdgzdhgid gdsdgizivd kw {hl jk alw kokgzlw oíwiglw t{k ihzkhzdh w{sk~d~ alwjiwkôdjl~kw jk gdnakw( Kw jioígia jk kvizd~! yd t{k kw {hd o{k~d jk ad hdz{~dakd( Wihkmnd~el! kw slwinak jiwkôd~ glmskhwdgilhkw kh alw fdgbw y alw khg`{okw sd~d glmskhwd~alw kokgzlw ~kdgzivlw( D oih jk t{k kwzl o{hgilhk! adw gd~dgzk~íwzigdw oíwigdw y kaégz~igdw jka

gdnak jknkh wk~ glhwzdhzkw y {hiol~mkw( [hd ol~md jk ale~d~al kw dwke{~d~ t{k kajiämkz~l jk alw gdnakw y ka e~lwl~ jk alw diwadhzkw sk~mdhkgd ie{da kh zljd ad alheiz{jjka gdnak( Ad glmslwigi÷h t{ímigd jka diwadhzk zdmniéh jknk wk~ {hiol~mk(


�





�




Kh alw kjioigilw glmk~gidakw! ad khk~eíd! sl~ al ekhk~da! wk jiwz~in{yk d {h vlazdfk mäwdazl t{k ka t{k wk jiwz~in{yk d alw gaikhzkw ~kwijkhgidakw( Alw z~dhwol~mdjl~kw jk alwkjioigilw ~kj{gkh ka vlazdfk `dwzd hivkakw {ziaidnakw( Ka [SW jk {h kjioigil s{kjkw{mihiwz~d~ khk~eíd jk ~kwk~vd kh gdwl jk t{k odaak ad daimkhzdgi÷h jk khk~eíds~ihgisda( Ad khk~eíd dwgikhjk sl~ glhj{gzlw vk~zigdakw `dwzd aaked~ d alw jivk~wlw~dmdakw jka wiwzkmd jk jiwz~in{gi÷h( Alw w{s~kwl~kw jk wln~kzkhwi÷h y adw {hijdjkw jkadw [SW kh ka ä~kd jk wdadw s{kjkh oiaz~d~ad dhzkw jk t{k aake{k d adw glms{zdjl~dw jkalw {w{d~ilw(


�




Ad gl~~ikhzk dazk~hd slwkk {hd kpz~dôd s~lsikjdjjkhlmihdjd kokgzl Bkavih( G{dhzl mdyl~o~kg{khgid `dy! mkhlw vidfd ~kdamkhzk ad gl~~ikhzksl~ ka gkhz~l jka glhj{gzl~( Sl~ ka glhz~d~il! adgl~~ikhzk mie~d `dgid ad gi~g{hok~khgid! l nl~jkkpzk~hl( G{dhjl adw o~kg{khgidw wlh m{y dazdw! kakokgzl Bkavih kw zdh s~lh{hgidjl t{k alw gdnakw! dvkgkw! hi wit{ik~d wk {wdh( Sl~ ka glhz~d~il! adkhk~eíd dz~dvikwd z{nlw jkhlmihdjlw e{ídw jklhjdw(

Jkwjk ka s{hzl jk viwzd jka ihwzdadjl~! ka kokgzlBkavih kw {hd ~d÷h mäw sd~d zkhk~ g{ijdjl dazkhjk~ gdnakw! sd~d hl fdad~alw hi ~kzl~gk~alw! ydt{k kwl gd{wd jiwglhzih{ijdjkw kh ad w{sk~oigik(Kwzl! jknijl da kokgzl Bkavih! s{kjk ~ksk~g{zi~ khad gdsdgijdj jka gdnak jk z~dhwmizi~ adw wkôdakw(


�




ZKMD 76GD^DGZK^ÍWZIGDW

KAÉGZ^IGDW JK ALWGDNAKW



Alw gi~g{izlw jk glm{higdgi÷h sl~ gdnak wk s{kjkh jiviji~ kh jlw gadwkw6 ndadhgkdjlw yhl ndadhgkdjlw( [h gdnak gldpida t{k glhkgzd ka naihjdfk d zik~~d y {ziaid ka glhj{gzl~

gkhz~da diwadjl sd~d z~dhwsl~zd~ ad wkôda kw {h kfkmsal jk gi~g{izl hl ndadhgkdjl(

Ad hdz{~dakd dnd~gdzivd jka naihjdfk kh {h gdnak gldpida s~lzkek~ä ad wkôda jk e~dhsd~zk jka ~{ijl y jk ad ihzk~ok~khgid2 wih kmnd~el! `dy {h ä~kd kh ad t{k kw jénia( Zljlal t{k gdmnik ka vlazdfk jka glhj{gzl~ d zik~~d l jka glhj{gzl~ gkhz~da wk vk~ä glml {hdjiwzl~wi÷h jk ad wkôda(

7(7 GD^DGZK^ÍWZIGDW KAÉGZ^IGDW JK ALWGDNAKW

�




Sl~ lz~l adjl! {hd wkôda ndadhgkdjd glmsd~zk ad wkôda sl~ ie{da khz~k jlw gdnakwijéhziglw! glml s{kjkh wk~ alw jlw gdnakw kh {h sd~ z~khdjl( Wk s{kjk glhwijk~d~ t{kalw gdnakw kwzéh kh slwzkw ls{kwzlw jk {h z~dhwol~mdjl~ glh zlmdw gkhz~dakw! glh kagkhz~l glhkgzdjl d zik~~d( G{dat{ik~ ~{ijl t{k dokgzk d {hl jk alw gdnakw! dokgzd~ä da

lz~l( Wih kmnd~el! glml alw gdnakw z~dndfdh kh kt{isl! ad wkôda kh {hl aaked mikhz~dwt{k kh ka lz~l wk dakfd( Ihga{wl wi zljd ad wkôda wk kakvd mäw d~~ind l mäw dndfl jka w{kal!ad jiok~khgid khz~k alw jlw gdnakw t{k z~dhwsl~zdh ad wkôda wke{i~ä wikhjl ie{da(

Kwzl sk~mizk t{k ka gi~g{izl t{k jkgljioigd ad ihol~mdgi÷h jka gdnak jkzkgzk gad~dmkhzkalw gdmnilw y adw z~dhwigilhkw t{k z~dhwsl~zdh ad ihol~mdgi÷h yd wkd {hd wkôda jk

d{jil glml {hd aadmdjd zkako÷higd! l {hd wkôda jk jdzlw glhkgzdjd d {hdglms{zdjl~d)( Alw gi~g{izlw ndadhgkdjlw wk {ziaidh kh zljd ad ~kj sönaigd jk zkakolhídglhm{zdjd y! gdwi kh zljl ka m{hjl! kh ad z~dhwmiwi÷h jk jdzlw(


�




Ka glhj{gzl~ d zik~~d jk wke{~ijdj lo~kgk {hd víd jk ~kwiwzkhgid mkhl~ t{k ka g{k~sl`{mdhl( G{dhjl kwzä ihwzdadjd jk mdhk~d gl~~kgzd! ad víd jk ndfd ~kwiwzkhgidw{mihiwz~djd sl~ ka glhj{gzl~ d zik~~d jk wke{~ijdj lo~kgk {hd ~kwiwzkhgid alw{oigikhzkmkhzk ndfd! y {hd gdsdgijdj w{oigikhzk jk z~dhwmiwi÷h jk gl~~ikhzk glml sd~dimskji~ t{k wk dg{m{akh vlazdfkw dazlw t{k s~kwkhzkh skaie~l(

Wih kmnd~el! éwzd hl kw ad öhigd {ziaijdj jk {hd glhkpi÷h d zik~~d djkg{djd( Glh {hd n{khd glhkpi÷h d zik~~d kh zkakglm{higdgilhkw wk ale~d al wie{ikhzk6

�Mihimid~ alw kokgzlw jka wln~kvlazdfk siglw jk kakgz~igijdj)�D{mkhzd~ adw glhkpilhkw kaégz~igdw d zik~~d�

S~lvkk~ {hd ndfd imskjdhgid jk ~kok~khgid d zik~~d jka wiwzkmd�S~lvkk~ {hd ~kok~khgid jk .vlazdfk gk~l. sd~d ka kt{isl jk zkakglm{higdgilhkw y jk ~kj�S~lvkk~ {hd víd jk wkôdaidgi÷h sd~d dae{hlw zislw jk jiwslwizivlw


�





�




Alw gdnakw t{k dz~dvikwdh e~dhjkw jiwzdhgidw kwzäh w{fkzlw d skaie~lw( Kw imsl~zdhzk t{k

kwzlw skaie~lw hl wkdh {hd dmkhdd sd~d ka kjioigil! alw kt{islw l alw lg{sdhzkw6

Alw ~dylw! sl~ kfkmsal! s{kjkh glhvk~zi~ {h gdnak jk glm{higdgi÷h ihlokhwivl kh {hdvíd sd~d vlazdfkw ml~zdakw t{k s{kjkh jdôd~ alw kt{islw! s~lvlgd~ ihgkhjilw y gd{wd~kwz~delw jk m{g`dw lz~dw mdhk~dw( Sl~ dôl! gdkh gdwi {h miaa÷h jk ~dylw kh zljl kam{hjl(

Alw g~{gkw jk khk~eíd wlh lz~l skaie~l kh adw glhkpilhkw d gdnakw kpzk~hlw jk {hdsadhzd( Kh ad mdyl~íd jk alw slwzkw jk {wl glmsd~zijl! adw aíhkdw jk daimkhzdgi÷h wkmlhzdh mäw d~~ind t{k adw aíhkdw zkako÷higdw( Glml ~kw{azdjl! wi {hd aíhkd jkdaimkhzdgi÷h wk ~lmsik~d l gdyk~d! kw slwinak t{k w{ vlazdfk sdwk da gdnakdjl jkglm{higdgilhkw( Kwzl slj~íd ekhk~d~ miakw jk vlazilw(

Ad ihj{ggi÷h sl~ aíhkdw jk daimkhzdgi÷h zdmniéh s{kjk jkslwizd~ vlazdfkw kpzk~hlw khadw aíhkdw zkako÷higdw( Da ie{da t{k ad jidolhíd jk {h gdnak jk jdzlw! ad ihj{ggi÷h wks~lj{gk g{dhjl ad khk~eíd jk ad aíhkd jk daimkhzdgi÷h wk glhkgzd mdehézigdmkhzk dagdnakdjl jk glm{higdgilhkw(


�





�




ZKMD :6 S^IHGISILW

NÄWIGLW WLN^KZKL^ÍD ×SZIGD



7(: S^IHGISILW NÄWIGLW WLN^K ZKL^ÍD×SZIGD

�




Ad ~ko~dggi÷h kw ad jkwvidgi÷h jk ad a{( Wk s~lj{gk g{dhjl ad a{ wk khg{khz~d glhjkzk~mihdjdw w{wzdhgidw! glml ka di~k! ka de{d y ka vij~il( Ka íhjigk jk ~ko~dggi÷h kw{hd s~lsikjdj jk alw mdzk~idakw ÷sziglw t{k wk ~kadgilhd glh ad vkalgijdj jk ad a{ kh

ka mdzk~ida(

[h gdnak jk oin~d ÷szigd slwkk {h högakl jk vij~il ~ljkdjl sl~ {h ~kvkwzimikhzl( Kaíhjigk jk ~ko~dggi÷h jka högakl kw ihok~il~ da jka ~kvkwzimikhzl( Kwzl ~kzikhk ad a{ kh kahögakl jk ad oin~d sd~d sljk~ e{id~ad d e~dhjkw jiwzdhgidw! ihga{wl kh adw jkwvidgilhkw(





Ka {wl jk a{ l jka aäwk~ sl~ mkjil jk ad dzm÷wok~d sd~d adw glm{higdgilhkw wkjkhlmihd wiwzkmd jk glm{higdgilhkw sl~ ka kwsdgil ain~k( [h wiwzkmd jkglm{higdgilhkw ÷szigdw sl~ ka kwsdgil ain~k glhwiwzk kh {hd ol~md jk glhkpi÷h wihgdnakw jiwkôdjd sd~d ihzk~glhkgzd~ jlw s{hzlw! t{k jknkh kwzd~ d ad viwzd kh {hd aíhkdji~kgzd( Jkhz~l jk gdjd jiwslwizivl jk z~dhwmiwi÷h `dy {h z~dhwmiwl~ ÷szigl y {h

~kgkszl~ ÷szigl(

Dae{hlw jk kwzlw khadgkw o{hgilhdh jkhz~l jka kwskgz~l iho~d~~lfl! t{k kwzä sl~ jkndfljk ad a{ viwinak( Wk {ziaidh sd~d jiwzihzdw dsaigdgilhkw t{k ~kt{ik~kh glm{higdgilhkwglhoijkhgidakw! khz~k kaadw! adw dsaigdgilhkw miaizd~kw! méjigdw y oihdhgik~dw( [hd e~dhvkhzdfd jk kwzd zkghlaleíd kw t{k hl hkgkwizd aigkhgid y hl kmizk ~djidgilhkw t{k s{kjdh

ihzk~ok~i~ glh lz~dw z~dhwmiwilhkw( Lz~dw vk~wilhkw jk kwzd zkghlaleíd o{hgilhdh kh kakwskgz~l vk~jk-d{a( Ka kfé~gizl {wd kwzd zkghlaleíd sd~d glm{higd~wk glh w{nmd~ihlww{mk~eijlw y khz~k dk~lhdvkw! yd t{k ad ihzk~gksgi÷h jk adw z~dhwmiwilhkw kw jioígia(





ZKMD ;6 ZKL^ÍD JK

ALW WIWZKMDWIHDAÄMN^IGLW



Adw wkôdakw kh ol~md jk alheiz{jkw jk lhjd vidfdh sl~ ka kwsdgil ain~k( Dhzkw jk adz~dhwmiwi÷h! adw lhjdw wk mlj{adh! kw jkgi~! wk gljioigdh glh ad ihol~mdgi÷h t{k wkz~dhwmizk! ~kdaidhjl skt{kôlw gdmnilw kh adw lhjdw( A{kel! wk z~dhwmizkh sl~ {hdo~kg{khgid jkzk~mihdjd( Sl~ gdjd o~kg{khgid! `dy {hd wk~ik jk jimkhwilhkw kh adw t{k kwm{y oägia t{k ad khk~eíd wdaed jk ad aíhkd jk z~dhwmiwi÷h k ihe~kwk kh ka kwsdgil t{k ad~ljkd( Kwzl wk jkhlmihd kokgzl jk adhdmikhzl( Glmöhmkhzk! wk s~lj{gk d ad mizdj jk

adw alheiz{jkw jk lhjd jk ad o~kg{khgid(

Sd~d t{k jlw dhzkhdw z~dhwmizdh y ~kgindh ihol~mdgi÷h! jknkh zkhk~ ad alheiz{jgl~~kgzd sd~d ad o~kg{khgid y kwzd~ mlhzdjdw glh ad miwmd l~ikhzdgi÷h! yd wkd`l~ilhzda l vk~zigda( Kwzl wk jkhlmihd slad~idgi÷h sl~ alw slalw hl~zk y w{~)( Kh admdyl~íd jk alw gdwlw! {hd wkôda t{k wk z~dhwmizk jkwjk {hd wkôda slad~idjd

`l~ilhzdamkhzk wk jknk ~kgini~ kh {hd dhzkhd `l~ilhzda( Dwimiwml! {hd wkôdaslad~idjd vk~zigdamkhzk! kh ekhk~da! kw mkfl~ ~kginijd sl~ {hd dhzkhd vk~zigda(

7(; ZKL^ÍD JK ALW WIWZKMDW IHDAÄMN^IGLW




ZKMD ?6 WKÔDAKW

KH ADW ^KJKW!DHG@L JK NDHJD

Ô



Ka dhg`l jk ndhjd kw s~lsl~gilhda d ad gdhzijdj jk jdzlw t{k wk s{kjkh z~dhwmizi~ l

~kgini~ kh {hd jkzk~mihdjd gdhzijdj jk zikmsl(

Kh ka gdwl jk alw jiwslwizivlw jieizdakw! ka dhg`l jk ndhjd wk kps~kwd kh nizw sl~wke{hjl nsw)( Kh ka gdwl jk alw jiwslwizivlw dhda÷eiglw! ka dhg`l jk ndhjd wk kps~kwdkh gigalw sl~ wke{hjl l `k~gilw @)(

7(? WKÔDAKW KH ADW ^KJKW ¾ DHG@L JKNDHJD


Ô





Ô



Ka m÷jkm glhvik~zk alw hivkakw jkdazl y ndfl vlazdfk jk {hd wkôdajieizda kh dazd y ndfd o~kg{khgid jk{hd wkôda dhda÷eigd( Kwzk s~lgkwlwk jkhlmihd mlj{adgi÷h( Kas~lgkwl ihvk~wl zikhk a{ed~ kh ka

kpz~kml ~kgkszl~(

Ad wkôda dhda÷eigd wk jkmlj{adjk v{kazd d adw wkôdakw jieizdakw! ywk khvíd d ad GS[ jk adglms{zdjl~d( Ka zé~mihl m÷jkmkw {hd glmnihdgi÷h jk adw

sdadn~dw t{k jkwg~inkh w{wo{hgilhkw6 mlj{adgi÷h yjkmlj{adgi÷h(



Ô



Ka zé~mihl ndhjd ndwk jkwg~ink {hwiwzkmd jk glm{higdgilhkw kh kat{k alw mkjilw z~dhwsl~zdh {hdwkôda wlad( Kwd wkôda s{kjk zkhk~m{g`lw glmslhkhzkw! sk~l jkwjkka s{hzl jk viwzd jka gdnak l adoin~d! `dy {hd wlad wkôda(

Sl~ lz~l adjl! {h wiwzkmd jkglm{higdgilhkw jk ndhjd dhg`dsk~mizk t{k mäw jk {hd wkôda{ziaigk ka gdnak d ad vk( Sl~kfkmsal! {h gi~g{izl jka dhzie{lwiwzkmd jk zkakolhíd SLZW) kw {h

wiwzkmd jk ndhjd ndwk( Wihkmnd~el! wi wk de~ked {hd wkôda jkJWA d ad aíhkd! wk al glhvik~zk kh{h wiwzkmd jk ndhjd dhg`d(



W Ô W W W G L



Adw wie{ikhzkw wlh ADH glh dhg`l jk ndhjd jk 43 Mnsw6

�43Ndwk> {ziaid {h gdnak gldpida jkaedjl! glhlgijl glml z`ihhkz ! glh {hd alheiz{j jkwkemkhzl mäpimd jk 40; m(

�43Ndwk; {ziaid {h gdnak gldpida e~{kwl! glhlgijl glml z`igbhkz ! glh {hd alheiz{j jkwkemkhzl mäpimd jk ;33 m(

�43NdwkZ {ziaid {h gdnak jk sd~ z~khdjl glh {hd alheiz{j jk wkemkhzl mäpimd jk 433m(



7 ? WKÔDAKW KH ADW ^KJKW DHG@L JK




�433NdwkZ {ziaid g{dz~l sd~kw jk gdnakw jk sd~ z~khdjl(

�433Ndwk-ZP ¾ [ziaid gdnakdjl [ZS jk Gdzkel~íd ;! ;k ÷ ?! glh {hd alheiz{j jkwkemkhzl mäpimd jk `dwzd 433 m(

�433Ndwk-OP ¾ [ziaid gdnakdjl jk oin~d ÷szigd m{azimljl! t{k lsk~d d 4733 hm glh{hd alheiz{j jk wkemkhzl mäpimd t{k hl kwzä kwskgioigdjd! yd t{k jkskhjk jka zisljk gdfd jk `{n t{k wk {ziaid(







�4333Ndwk-Z ¾ [ziaid g{dz~l sd~kw z~khdjlw jk gln~k jk Gdzkel~íd ; ÷ w{sk~il~(IKKK 03>(7dn)

�4333Ndwk-ZP ¾ [ziaid g{dz~l sd~kw z~khdjlw jk gln~k jk Gdzkel~íd ?(

�4333Ndwk-GP ¾ [ziaid khwdmnak jk gdnakdjl naihjdjl jk g{dz~l glhj{gzl~kw sd~doihkw kwskgidakw IKKK 03>(7)

�

4333Ndwk-WP ¾ [ziaid jlw oin~dw ÷szigdw t{k lsk~dh d 0;3 hm( IKKK 03>(7)�4333Ndwk-AP ¾ [ziaid jlw oin~dw ÷szigdw t{k lsk~dh d 4733 hm( IKKK 03>(7)






Ad ndhjd dhg`d zdmniéh

jkwg~ink {h zisl jkz~dhwmiwi÷h jk jdzlw kh adt{k {h wlal mkjil oin~d lgdnak) s{kjk z~dhwsl~zd~vd~ilw gdhdakw sl~ vk(






Kwzl lo~kgk vd~idw vkhzdfdw( Kh s~imk~ a{ed~! ad wkôda JWA wikms~k kwzä dgzivd( Hl `dyhkgkwijdj jk jiwgd~ l jkwglhkgzd~wk( [hd vk t{k kwzä dgzivd! ka {w{d~il wk glhkgzd d ad~kj zljlw alw jídw! adw >: `l~dw)( Kh wke{hjl a{ed~! alw wk~vigilw jk JWA kwzähjiwkôdjlw sd~d lo~kgk~ dggkwl d {hd vkalgijdj m{y dazd! kh glmsd~dgi÷h glh {h

m÷jkm( Kh zk~gk~ a{ed~! ad sl~gi÷h jk md~gdgi÷h jka wiwzkmd jk zkakolhíd jka {w{d~ilhl wk vk dokgzdjd sl~ alw dggkwl~ilw jk JWA(

Jk `kg`l! mkfl~d ka ~khjimikhzl jk ad md~gdgi÷h! yd t{k ka zkaéolhl h{hgd kwzälg{sdjl glh ad glms{zdjl~d( Jk kwzd mdhk~d! alw {w{d~ilw jk JWA lnzikhkh `dwzd ;3vkgkw mäw vkalgijdj jk jdzlw t{k alw t{k {ziaidh alw m÷jkm kwzähjd~ y hl wdg~ioigdh

hihe{hd sl~gi÷h jk ad glhkgzivijdj jk md~gdgi÷h(






[hd jkwvkhzdfd glh ad JWA kwt{k ka {w{d~il jknk kwzd~ gk~gdjk {hd GL( Kpzkhjk~ ka dagdhgky ka dhg`l jk ndhjd jk ad JWAwk `d v{kazl {h jkwdoíl( Ad

~kws{kwzd d alw jlw ~kt{iwizlws{kjk wk~ ad miwmd(

Sd~d ihzk~glhkgzd~ d vd~ilw{w{d~ilw jk JWA d {hd ~kj

ndgbnlhk jk dazd vkalgijdj! ad

glmsdôíd zkako÷higd {ziaid {hm{azisakpl~ jk dggkwl d ad aíhkdjieizda jka w{wg~iszl~ JWADM)(






Kw {hd zkghlaleíd UDH t{k wks{kjk imsakmkhzd~ sd~d lo~kgk~mkfl~ glhkgzivijdj d alw {w{d~ilwt{k hkgkwizdh zkhk~ dggkwl jk ~kjjkwjk {nigdgilhkw ~kmlzdw(

Glml ad ^JWI kw jieizda! wkglm{higd oägiamkhzk glh admdyl~íd jk adw ~kjkw( Kwzäjiwkôdjd kwskgíoigdmkhzk sd~dwla{gilhd~ alw s~lnakmdw jk

dhg`l jk ndhjd ndfl t{k zikhkhadw skt{kôdw loigihdw l alw{w{d~ilw sl~ md~gdjl glh alwwk~vigilw zkako÷higlw jk md~gdjlz~djigilhdakw(






WLHKZ kw ka dg~÷himl jk^kj ÷szigd wihg~÷higd( Kw{hd wk~ik jk hl~mdwjiwkôdjdw sd~d dy{jd~ djiwzihzlw s~lvkkjl~kw jk

wk~vigilw jk dazd vkalgijdj dihzk~glhkgzd~wk!ed~dhzidhjl vkalgijdjkw jkjdzlw {hiol~mkw(

Ka `kg`l jk t{k ad WLHKZ

kw wihg~÷higd! sk~mizkde~ked~ l kpz~dk~ wkôdakwihjivij{dakw kh ka oa{fl

ndgbnlhk jk dazd vkalgijdj(



hilos y señales

Documents