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First aid for blood loss and wounds

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

Malaysian Red CrescentSMK Hillcrest

By: Staff Sergeant Mohd Syameer Firdaus (5 Alpha 2012)

Private Amirul Fakhri (3 Amal 2012)

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The circulatory system

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

The heart is responsible forpumping blood around thebody

Blood travels in arteries,veins and capillaries Blood transports Oxygen and

nutrients around the body andhelps remove waste products

An average adult has around10 pints (4.7 litres) of blood

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Wound terminology

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

Laceration: Tearing of the skin & tissue Contusion:A bruise Abrasion: Graze - loss of superficial layer of skin

Incision: A straight clean wound Puncture: Caused by a sharp object

o Object may still be in the wound (foreign / embedded object)

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Wound terminology

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

LACERATION Abrasion

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Wound terminology

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

Punctured Wound

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First aid for major blood

loss

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

1.Expose injury and elevate above level of

heart2.If there are no foreign objects, apply firmdirect pressure over the wound

3.If there is an object, apply pressure around

the foreign object4.Call for emergency help

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What not to do

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

Do not apply atourniquet unlessspecifically trained to

do so

Do not attempt to washout a major wound

your aim is to controlthe bleeding

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Shock (1)

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

Shock is a medical emergency which can be causedby severe blood loss

The casualty does not receive enough oxygen due to

the loss of blood Signs & symptoms include:

o Pale clammy skino Drowsinesso Thirst

o Confusiono Nausea & vomiting

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Shock (2)

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

If you suspect a casualty is suffering from shock thenyou should:

Lie them down and raise their legso This improves the blood flow to the vital organs

Cover them with a blanket

Call for emergency help if you havent already doneso.

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Infection control

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

Try and keep the wound as clean as possible Try to avoid contact with the casualtys blood

o Wear disposable latex / nitrile gloves if available

o If not, use any available items to create a barrier (e.g: aplastic bag)

Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and waterafterwards

Seek medical advice if you are concerned

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First aid for minor wounds

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

1. Wear gloves if available2. Clean the wound thoroughly with antiseptic wipes or

saline

3. Do not remove any embedded objects (e.g: glass)seek medical advice

4. Cover the wound using a clean dressing (plaster,non-adherent pad etc.)

5. Seek medical advice if there are any signs ofinfection redness, swelling or the area is warm tothe touch