highly successful erd pilot evaluation
TRANSCRIPT
Highly Successful ERD Pilot EvaluationHighly Successful ERD Pilot EvaluationUtilizing a Simple Additive Delivery ApproachUtilizing a Simple Additive Delivery Approach
Kent C. Armstrong – BioStryke® Remediation Products, LLCP.O. Box 254, Andover, NH USA; Brampton, Ontario CDN
James Romeo PG – Partner Engineering & Science, Inc.Altamonte Springs, Florida
International Petroleum Environmental ConferenceDenver, Colorado November 2015
� Stennis Space Center (SSC), Hancock County, Mississippi
� Southern Edge of the Gulf Coastal Plain
� Approximately 55 miles NE of New Orleans, Louisiana
Project Background
� Approximately 55 miles NE of New Orleans, Louisiana
� Approximately 36 miles West of Biloxi, Mississippi
� Historical equipment cleaning and disposal practices contributed to groundwater contamination at SSC
� 10 Contaminant-of-Concern (COC) Trichloroethylene (TCE)
� Concentrations of [TCE] exceeding compliance standards detected at 5-separate locations
� Performed on-site PRS Based and microcosm evaluations
� Evaluations to determine efficacy and feasibility of biostimulation as a residual source mass site strategy
� [TCE] at depths ranging from 7 to over 90-ft bgs
Project Background
� Four Pump-and-Treat (P&T) systems currently operating
� NASA estimates cleanup timelines to exceed 20-years
� P&T systems currently reaching asymptotic conditions
� Unable to remove remaining residual contaminant mass effectively
� Recent independent evaluations determined little to no-effect over last 5-years of operations
� NASA and independent consultant believe both cleanup duration and costs of current P&T grossly underestimated
Pro’s & Con’s of Bioremediation
� Inappropriate without Physical Removal
� Pooled DNAPL Source Zone
� Time is of the essence
� Ideal Situation
� Accessible impact zone � Time constraints minimal� Homogeneous stratigraphic conditions
� Appropriate with Remedial Design Considerations
� Heterogeneous matrix, silty/clay soil, fractured bedrock� Residual DNAPL, cVOC and non-cVOC mixture � Highly aerobic overburden
� Nourishes, stimulates native microbial populations
� Eliminates above ground support equipment
Benefits to Biostimulation
minimize the impact of remediation
� Eliminates above ground support equipment
� Minimizes off-site removal, fuel and energy costs
� Eliminates nuisance noise, emissions and vapors
� Expedites residual source mass solubilization
� Increases contaminant bioavailability
� Facilitates cost-effective Long-Term Compliance
cVOC Biotransformation PathwaycVOC Biotransformation Pathway
� NASA and independent consultant (ITB, Inc.) desire alternative remedial strategy to optimize current cleanup strategies at SSC
� Conduct field based biostimulation demonstration
Evaluation ObjectivesField Evaluation
� Conduct field based biostimulation demonstration
� Utilize additive filled Passive Release Sock (PRS) deployment units
� Amended Area D Water Bearing Unit 3 (WBZ 3)
� Utilized Monitoring Well 06-12MW
� 4-inch OD test well; depth to water ≈27ft
� Total depth of well ≈92-ft w/10-ft screened interval at bottom
� Determine potential for native microbial populations to degrade TCE effectively
� Data gathered assists other NASA sites
� Performed independent microcosm evaluation (CB&I)
� Confirm field results supported by laboratory results
� Compare two additives efficacy as sole electron donor
Evaluation ObjectivesMicrocosm Evaluation
� Compare two additives efficacy as sole electron donor
� Included augmentation and amendment addition
� Compared ERDENHANCED™ to Lactate
� Each microcosm started with additive
concentration of 1.35 g/L
� Augmented with SDC-9 Dehalococcoides sp.
at 1 x 107 cells/ml
� Site groundwater spiked with ≈45 mg/L [TCE]
� 10-day evaluation period
Pilot Study Microcosm EvaluationERDENHANCED®
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
• Evaluation performed by CB&I, Lawrenceville, NJ
Pilot Study Microcosm Evaluation OneERDENHANCED™
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
40000
45000
50000
Lactateµg/L
• ≈97.8%REDUCTION by day-10
• An increase to 17,000 ug/L [cis-DCE] by day-7; followed by,
Lactate amended microcosm realized:
Lactate did not yield complete biotransformation during evaluation period
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 Day 10
TCE DCE VC
by day-7; followed by,
• 19.0%REDUCTION [cis-DCE] from peak bioavailability at evaluation end
• Increases in [VC] start at day-7 with continued upward trend at evaluation end
• Increases in [VC] without reduction may result in 20 contaminant and compliance issues
Pilot Study Microcosm EvaluationERDENHANCED™
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
µg/L
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
ERDERDENHANCED™• BioStryke® ERDENHANCED® realized:
• >99.99% REDUCTION [TCE] by day 5
• Overall >93.3% reduction in [cis-DCE]
Over 10-day microcosm study
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 Day 10
TCE DCE VC
BioStryke® Faster, Safer Biotransformation of cVOC contaminants
• Initial 2,300% increase at day 5
• >71% than lactate microcosm
• >99.7% reduction from peak bioavailability at evaluation end
• A four order-of-magnitude increase [VC] at day-7 of the evaluation
• >99.99% reduction in [VC] at day-10
• Complete parent destruction with twice the daughter production and subsequent complete destruction
� NASA and independent consultant (ITB, Inc.) desire alternative remedial strategy to optimize current cleanup strategies at SSC
� Conduct field based biostimulation demonstration
Evaluation ObjectivesField Evaluation
� Conduct field based biostimulation demonstration
� Utilize additive filled Passive Release Sock (PRS) deployment units
� Amended Area D Water Bearing Unit 3 (WBZ 3)
� Utilized Monitoring Well 06-12MW
� 4-inch OD test well; depth to water ≈27ft
� Total depth of well ≈92-ft w/10-ft screened interval at bottom
� Determine potential for native microbial populations to degrade TCE effectively
� Data gathered assists other NASA sites
Site Plan – Area D
Direction of GW
Background ConditionsBackground ConditionsStennis Space Station Area D: 06Stennis Space Station Area D: 06--12MW12MW
� Deep Groundwater Bearing Unit
� Historical non-compliant [TCE]
� Ranging from >50 ug/L to ≈2,000 ug/L
� Asymptotic over time
Well-ID Date [TCE] [cis-DCE] [VC]
2007 69 12 ND
2008 1,201 233 ND� Asymptotic over time
� Indicative of residual source mass
� Limited daughter production
� No [Vinyl chloride] or [Ethene] recorded over entire period
� P&T systems effectiveness limited
� In terms of performance
� In terms of long-term cost
06-12MW
2009 186 16 ND
2010 1,259 177 ND
2011 1,893 331 ND
2012 1,017 99 ND
2013 154 13 ND
MCL (µg/L) 5 70 2
PRS Evaluation ProcessPRS Evaluation ProcessDetermine Additive Efficacy Under Real Biogeochemical Determine Additive Efficacy Under Real Biogeochemical
ConditionsConditions
� Utilize Passive Release Sock (PRS) deployment units
� Low-Risk, Low-Cost alternative to lab based evaluations
� Performed under actual Site biogeochemical conditions
� Provides Representative ‘Go-no-Go’ on-Site Evaluation
� ORP, DO, pH, Temp, Cond; NO3, SO4, diss. Mn/Fe Ethane, Methane, Ethene, and Contaminants of Concern
� Field indicator parameters monitored and recorded each replacement event
� Provides Representative ‘Go-no-Go’ on-Site Evaluation
� Baseline & Performance Monitoring/Sampling
� PRS replacement events every 6-8 weeks� 7 replacement events over 15 month evaluation� Performance sample collection/analysis each event
� Non-purge, low-flow sampling protocols
�
Well withdeployed PRS
Ground surface
�
Groundwater Flow Direction
Additive slowly dissolves into casing volume of test well
PRS unit acts as a wicking agent to manage additive delivery
Pilot Study ProgramPilot Study ProgramBenefits Benefits -- LimitationsLimitations
� Non-Scalable, PRS Pilot Study Generates Limited AOI
� Typically < 2 meters
� Confirm Additive Efficacy prior to Full-Scale Commitment
� Confirms presence/absence dehalorespiring bacteria
� Easily combined with BioTrap® and/or other evaluation tools
� Non-purge sampling otherwise skews results
� Removes amended groundwater� Removes enhanced microbial populations
� Helps identify presence/absence of residual mass and,
provides go no-go based results
� Utilizes casing volume of well as ‘laboratory microsm’
� Overall 94.8%REDUCTION [TCE] over 15-month evaluation
� >99.99% continuous reductions in [TCE] from months T7-T10
� Overall 79.3%REDUCTION [cis-DCE] over 15-month
Changes in concentrations of cVOC contaminants
ERDERDENHANCEDENHANCED™™ PRS Pilot StudyPRS Pilot StudyNASA Stennis Space Station NASA Stennis Space Station -- MississippiMississippi
0.00
50.00
100.00
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700.00
800.00
MW-06-12Moles/L P:D Ratio
DCE] over 15-month evaluation
� Initial 85.7% reduction at month 4
�>1,530% increase by month 8
� >91.1%REDUCTION [CIS-DCE]from peak bioavailability at end
� Consistent decrease in ORP values (from +69 to -191mV)
� No [VC] or [Ethene] recorded
-250.00
-200.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
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[TCE] [cis-DCE] ORP
Final PRS Deployment
� As TCE molecules are respired, moles TCE drop 100%
in ≈8 mos.
� Similarly, moles DCE drop 86% in ≈4 months; afterwards,
NASA ERDenhanced™ Field Evaluation Results
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
5.00E-03
6.00E-03
06-12 MW
ERDERDENHANCEDENHANCED™™ PRS Pilot StudyPRS Pilot StudyNASA Stennis Space Station NASA Stennis Space Station -- MississippiMississippi
� >1,500% increase moles DCE next 4 months
� Moles DCE decrease 91% from peak bioavailability
� Overall molar decrease
� TCE 94.8%
� DCE 79.3%
� Parent Daughter Ratio Confirms biotransformation of
cVOC contaminants
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
0.00E+00
1.00E-03
2.00E-03
3.00E-03
4.00E-03
Moles TCE Moles DCE P:D Ratio Linear (P:D Ratio)
Final PRS Deployment
Contaminant Reduction but NO Destruction?
The importance of molar comparisons
200
250
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800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
%Moles TCE vs. Sulfate and [TCE]
Potential Start of Biotic Activity
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100
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200,000
400,000
600,000
[TCE] P:D Ratio Sulfate
Period of No Biotransformation of Parent TCE Contaminant
Parent Daughter Ratio No Change in P:D Ration Regardless of [SO4] or [TCE]
ERDENHANCED™ PRS Pilot StudyNASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
1000
1200
1400
100000
120000
MW-06-12mg/L mV• 4 Order-of-Magnitude
increase in [dissolved Fe]
• >98.3% decrease [diss. Fe] from peak availability
• >3,000% increase [dissolved
Geochemistry; 20 lines of evidence supporting biotic reductive dechlorination
-200
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1-Jul-13 1-Aug-13 1-Sep-13 1-Oct-13 1-Nov-13 1-Dec-13 1-Jan-14 1-Feb-14 1-Mar-14 1-Apr-14 1-May-14 1-Jun-14
Diss Fe ORP Diss Mn
• >3,000% increase [dissolved Manganese] at month
• >85.7% decrease [diss. Mn] by evaluation end
• 30,000% increase [Sulfate] by month 6; complete depletion by end of evaluation period
• Sustained decrease in ORP, general increases [Methane]
ConclusionsConclusions
� Demonstrated biostimulation cost-effective strategy
� ERDENHANCED® amended microcosm superior performance
� Field evaluation data supported complete cVOC biotransformation
� PRS study proved effective as ‘Go no-Go’ evaluation process
� Current estimations place biostimulation capable of obtaining sustainable reducing conditions and 3-5 year compliance timeline
� From results of Treatability evaluation determine full-scale loading and site requirements
� PRS study proved effective as ‘Go no-Go’ evaluation process
� 2016 proposed on-site treatability evaluation
� DPT injection of ERDenhanced about performance well� Confirm subsurface distribution capabilities� Determine transferability of PRS and Microcosm studies
� Site currently undergoing additional characterization
Thank You ?? Questions ??
BioStryke Remediation Products, LLCBioStryke Remediation Products, LLCP.O. Box 254, Andover NHP.O. Box 254, Andover NH
www.biostryke.comwww.biostryke.com603.731.3159 [email protected] [email protected]