high voltage electric equipment failure diagnosis
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High VoltageHigh VoltageElectrical EquipmentElectrical Equipment
Failure DiagnosisFailure Diagnosis
Presented by:
Spencer Tang & Terence Ng
T&T Inspection & Engineering Sdn Bhd
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High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
Definition of High Voltage (H.V. / H.T.)Definition of High Voltage (H.V. / H.T.)–– According to IEC standard,According to IEC standard,
High voltageHigh voltage is defined as those with more thanis defined as those with more than1000V (>1000V AC) for1000V (>1000V AC) for alternating currentalternating current
low voltagelow voltage (50~1000V AC) and(50~1000V AC) and extraextra--low voltagelow voltage
(<50V AC) circuits, in the context of building wiring(<50V AC) circuits, in the context of building wiringand the safety of electrical apparatus.and the safety of electrical apparatus.
–– In South East Asia, HV is ranging fromIn South East Asia, HV is ranging from
1kV (1000V), 3.3kV, 6.6kV, 11kV, 22kV,1kV (1000V), 3.3kV, 6.6kV, 11kV, 22kV,33kV, 132kV, 230kV, 275kV, 400kV & 500kV.33kV, 132kV, 230kV, 275kV, 400kV & 500kV.
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Map of theMap of the AseanAsean
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High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
Characteristic of High VoltageCharacteristic of High Voltage–– Higher voltage required higher insulation levelHigher voltage required higher insulation level
–– Ability to penetrate insulation material (air,Ability to penetrate insulation material (air,vacuum, gas, oil, XLPE, PILC, porcelain, etc)vacuum, gas, oil, XLPE, PILC, porcelain, etc)
due to deterioration / aging / interruption /due to deterioration / aging / interruption /
human error, etc and create short circuit /human error, etc and create short circuit /discharge between phase to phase / phase todischarge between phase to phase / phase to
groundground
–– resulting severe facility damage / loss, injury /resulting severe facility damage / loss, injury /
deathdeath
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High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
NDT Technology of UltrasoundNDT Technology of Ultrasound–– a method to detect HV fault symptoma method to detect HV fault symptom
(electrical partial discharge(electrical partial discharge –– E.P.D.) from aE.P.D.) from asafesafe distancedistance
–– Provide safeProvide safe accessaccess via structure borne andvia structure borne andairborne method without direct expose to theairborne method without direct expose to thelive part / component.live part / component.
–– HighlyHighly sensitivesensitive ultrasound instrumentultrasound instrumentcoupled withcoupled with qualifiedqualified inspector will able toinspector will able todetect HV fault symptom (detect HV fault symptom (egeg: corona,: corona,tracking, arcing, mechanical looseness andtracking, arcing, mechanical looseness andetc)etc)
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E.P.D. at 33kV VCBE.P.D. at 33kV VCB – – Cable VOIDCable VOID
Cable insulation void at cable compartmentCable insulation void at cable compartment
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E.P.D. at 33kV VCBE.P.D. at 33kV VCB – – Cable VOIDCable VOID
Cable insulation void at cable compartmentCable insulation void at cable compartment
2007
J ul 2008
Oct 2008
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E.P.D. at 33kV VCBE.P.D. at 33kV VCB – – Busbar Busbar
BusbarBusbar insulation deteriorationinsulation deterioration –– coronacoronapartial dischargepartial discharge
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E.P.D. at 33kV VCBE.P.D. at 33kV VCB – – Breaker ContactBreaker Contact
Chemical reaction on conductorChemical reaction on conductor
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E.P.D. at 132kV Lightning Arrester E.P.D. at 132kV Lightning Arrester
Internal partial discharge at porcelainInternal partial discharge at porcelain
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E.P.D. at 33kV Overhead Disc Isolator E.P.D. at 33kV Overhead Disc Isolator
Airborne detected PD at disc isolatorAirborne detected PD at disc isolatorsuspension clampsuspension clamp –– sharp edges/sharp edges/
oxidization / deteriorationoxidization / deterioration
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High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
mechanical vibration / looseness in HVmechanical vibration / looseness in HVbreaker causes bybreaker causes by
–– the resonance of electrical frequency (50Hz /the resonance of electrical frequency (50Hz /60Hz) or electrical harmonics60Hz) or electrical harmonics
–– workmanship issue during on site installationworkmanship issue during on site installation
((egeg: tightening / torque, panel and floor: tightening / torque, panel and floorleveling, greasing, etc)leveling, greasing, etc)
–– Operator ignorant or mechanism error (Operator ignorant or mechanism error (egeg::
breaker misalignment, breaker arm bent,breaker misalignment, breaker arm bent,
shutter jammed, etcshutter jammed, etc
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Mechanical vibration / looseness in HV breaker Mechanical vibration / looseness in HV breaker
Looseness detected at breaker &Looseness detected at breaker & busbarbusbar
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High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
Repair urgency on partial dischargeRepair urgency on partial dischargedetected:detected:
–– Rate of deteriorationRate of deterioration–– Location of the PD detectedLocation of the PD detected
–– Loading fluctuationLoading fluctuation -- on/off, surge start, peakon/off, surge start, peak
loadload
–– Surrounding environment conditionSurrounding environment condition –– seaside,seaside,
chemical industry, dusty areachemical industry, dusty area……–– External factorsExternal factors –– animal, human erroranimal, human error……
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Repair urgency on PD detected
11kV CT flashover during breaker surge11kV CT flashover during breaker surgestart after maintenance due to ignorantstart after maintenance due to ignorant
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Repair urgency on PD detected
Dusty and salty environment inducedDusty and salty environment inducedspeedy deterioration at 33kV VCBspeedy deterioration at 33kV VCB
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Repair urgency on PD detected
High moisture environment inducedHigh moisture environment inducedoxidization & chemical reactionoxidization & chemical reaction
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Repair urgency on PD detected
PD chemical effect on metal panelPD chemical effect on metal panel
Before After
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Repair urgency on PD detected
Close PD location increase rate of Close PD location increase rate of deteriorationdeterioration
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Repair urgency on PD detected
External factorExternal factor–– Minor corona partial discharge give way in 7 days dueMinor corona partial discharge give way in 7 days due
to road constructionto road construction
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Repair urgency on PD detected
Client common question to inspector:Client common question to inspector:How long does the PD symptom can last before itHow long does the PD symptom can last before it
flashover??flashover??
Can we arrange shut down after our productionCan we arrange shut down after our production
peak time, may be about 6 months later??peak time, may be about 6 months later??
Should we shut down by tonight??Should we shut down by tonight??
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Perfect match of Ultrasound and Thermography
Ultrasound (US)Ultrasound (US) –– hear what we cannothear what we cannothear;hear; Thermography Thermography (IR)(IR) –– see what wesee what we
cannot see.cannot see.–– Technology limitation but not weakness. Technology limitation but not weakness.
Integration of US & IR will supplement theIntegration of US & IR will supplement the
survey findings and produce a bettersurvey findings and produce a better
diagnosis resultdiagnosis result
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Perfect match of Ultrasound and Thermography
11kV RMU required immediate attention11kV RMU required immediate attention
Sp1:temp 32.0
26.0
39.0 °C
30
35
Ar1:max 34.5
26.0
39.0 °C
30
35
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Perfect match of Ultrasound and Thermography
Localizing the fault areaLocalizing the fault area
29.0
40.0 °C
30
32
34
36
38
ys ems
Ar1:max 67.6
Sp1:temp 44.6
25.0
70.0 °C
30
40
50
60
FLIR Systems
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Perfect match of Ultrasound and Thermography
Localizing the fault areaLocalizing the fault area
27.0
31.9 °C
28
30
Ar1:max 36.1
24.0
39.0 °C
25
30
35
Hi h V l El i l E i F il Di i
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High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
NDT technology ease the inspector / owner toNDT technology ease the inspector / owner to
visualize & localize the faultsvisualize & localize the faults
How is the HV partial discharge look like in ourHow is the HV partial discharge look like in our
visual view???visual view???
–– Tx Tx HV corona ring;HV corona ring;
Ar3:max 30.5
Ar1 :max 40.1
Ar2:max 40.2
19.0
43.0 °C
20
30
40
TT HV C blHV C bl i ti l di hi ti l di h
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Tx Tx HV CableHV Cable -- corona ring partial dischargecorona ring partial discharge
TT HV b hi ti l di hHV b hi ti l di h
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Tx Tx HV bushing partial dischargeHV bushing partial discharge
TTx HV b hi ti l di hHV bushing partial discharge
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Tx Tx HV bushing partial dischargeHV bushing partial discharge
Ar1:max 46.1
Ar3:max 44.3
Ar2:max 49.1
38.0
50.0 °C
40
45
Electrical partial discharge effect to plant/climberElectrical partial discharge effect to plant/climber
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Electrical partial discharge effect to plant/climberElectrical partial discharge effect to plant/climber
HV flashover
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HV flashover
High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
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High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
To conduct a safe and effective inspection To conduct a safe and effective inspectionon high voltage electrical equipment, weon high voltage electrical equipment, we
should well understand and aware on:should well understand and aware on:
–– The safety measure of the HV equipment to The safety measure of the HV equipment to
be inspected;be inspected;
–– Our NDT instrumentsOur NDT instruments’’ strength and limitation;strength and limitation;–– Be observant and sensitive to the onBe observant and sensitive to the on--sitesite
condition of the HV equipment;condition of the HV equipment;
–– ““a careful inspector will live longer than a heroa careful inspector will live longer than a hero
(fool) in HV electrical system(fool) in HV electrical system””
230kV GIS230kV GIS
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230kV GIS230kV GIS
:max 30.8
:max 32.8 :max 30.7
25.0
46.0 °C
30
35
40
45
FLIR Systems
25.0
46.0 °C
30
35
40
45
FLIR Systems
230KV GIS230KV GIS
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230KV GIS230KV GIS
:max 30.9:max 32.8
25.5
46.0 °C
30
35
40
45
FLIR Systems
3MVA3MVA PauwelsPauwels TrafoTrafo
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3MVA3MVA PauwelsPauwels Trafo Trafo
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High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
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High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
Glad to share with you,Glad to share with you,
Thank you Thank you