high tunnel pest exclusion system - a novel strategy for pest management in specialty crops
TRANSCRIPT
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High Tunnel Pest Exclusion (HTPE):
A Novel Strategy to Pest Prevention and Control
Ayanava Majumdar (Dr. A)Ext. Entomologist & State SARE Coordinator
251-331-8416, [email protected]
William East, Regional Extension Agent, AU
Will Mastin, Local Appetite Growers
Russell and Jewel Bean, S&B Farms
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Pest Management Practice Standard (NOP, 7CFR Section 205.206)
Sust
ain
able
IP
M P
ract
ice
s Level 1: Systems-based practices
(cultural practices, sanitation, crop rotation, trap crops)
Level 2: Mechanical and physical practices (Insect Pest Exclusion, Manual Removal)
Level 3: Biorational & other materials(approved insecticides as last resort)
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Developing a pest exclusion system:
What do you want to exclude? How long?
Design
Sturdy
Manageable
Material
Low-cost
Longevity
Side-effects?
MAXIMUM EFFECTIVENESS/LOW COST
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Knitted fabric shade cloth: Grainger (IL), Poly-Tex (MN) and Green-Tek
(WI)
30% SC Grainger 40% SC Poly-Tex 50% SC Green-Tek
Good for stopping moths without excluding all
natural enemies!
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Knitted shade cloth panel: Farmtek Sunblocker (IA)
Good for stopping moths but reduces natural
enemies.
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HTPE lab test with OKRA (2015) Leaffooted bugs (Leptoglossus sp.)
43.3
70.0
56.7
33.3
50.0
33.3
13.3310.00 13.33
0.0 0.0 0.0
Penetration after 8 h Penetrations after 24 h Penetrations after 48 h
10 LFBs per treatment, 3 replications, percent penetration by LFBs is shown here
Ch
eck
Ch
eck
Ch
eck
30
% S
C
30
% S
C
30
% S
C
40
% S
C
40
% S
C
40
% S
C
50
% S
C
50
% S
C
50
% S
C
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LFB feeding damage (48 h)
30% woven shade cloth (Grainger)
33-50% penetration by LFBS
40% woven shade cloth (Poly-Tex)
10-13% penetration by LFBs
50% woven shade cloth (Green-Tek)
0% penetration by LFBs
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Farmtek Sunblocker stops Leaffooted Bugs!
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HTPE lab studies with Sugarcane Aphids (2015)Convergent Lady Beetles (Hippodamia convergens, Arbico)
0 0
32
50
43
52
5
42
35 35
0
8
18
32
Penetration after 8 h Penetration after 24 h
Numbers indicate percent lady beetles crossing into the structure (20 per treatment).Greatest exploratory movement within 24 h release.
Un
mo
dif
ied
tu
nn
el w
ith
Su
per
Lig
ht
Inse
ct
Bar
rier
30
% S
C F
arm
tek
(fin
e o
pen
ing
s)
30
% S
C G
rain
ge
r (w
ide
op
en
ing
s)
40
% S
C F
arm
tek
(fin
e o
pen
ing
s)
40
% S
C P
oly
-Te
x(w
ide
op
en
ing
s)
50
% S
C G
ree
n-T
ek
(wid
e o
pen
ing
s)
50
% S
C F
arm
tek
(fin
e o
pen
ing
s)
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HTPE lab studies (2015)Green lacewings (Chrysoperla rufilabris, Arbico)
with sugarcane aphids (host)
18
15
23
5
10
0
10
Penetration after 24 h
Numbers indicate percent lacewings crossing into the structure (20 per treatment).Greatest exploratory movement within 24 h release.
Un
mo
dif
ied
tu
nn
el w
ith
Su
per
Li
ght
Inse
ct B
arri
er
30
% S
C F
arm
tek
(fin
e o
pen
ing
s)
30
% S
C G
rain
ge
r (w
ide
op
en
ing
s)
40
% S
C F
arm
tek
(fin
e o
pen
ing
s)
40
% S
C P
oly
-Te
x
(wid
e o
pen
ing
s)
50
% S
C G
ree
n-T
ek
(wid
e o
pen
ing
s)
50
% S
C F
arm
tek
(fin
e o
pen
ing
s)
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MAJOR REDUCTION in Flea Beetle Feeding Injury
(Thomaston, AL, 2013)
Open field (60 to 80% damage to transplants)
Tomato transplants underSuper Light Insect Barrier(60% av. Reduction in feeding)
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Insect Netting Applications
Will Mastin, Baldwin County, AL
Seedling net house
High tunnel + shade cloth
High tunnel + shade cloth
BCA and biorationals also incorporated!
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Success of Net House
Will Mastin, Baldwin County, AL
>70%pest redn.
90%improvement in quality
Increased profit for
small producers
Crop with netting
Crops with netting
Crop without netting
Crop without netting
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S&B Farm, Eufaula
• 40% shade cloth
• 30 x 72 ft, metal frame
• Netting installed on side walls: Sept. 2015
• Crops: Herbs (cilantro, basil, fennel, mint, rosemary etc.), pineapple, marenga
• Major pest problems: Cabbageworms, armyworms, stink bugs, leaffooted bugs
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Overall HTPE System Recommendations
• On-farm evaluations will continue at various locations• Think about the crops and target insect pests before designing!• Consider exclusion materials carefully – choose the fabric with
widest opening and least shade• Consider all possible side-effects and develop an action plan:
• Small pests that won’t be excluded• Pollinators• Beneficial insects• Trapped heat/humidity…disease?
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Alternative Insecticides (High Rates)Clanton, AL, 2015
Tomato plants with aphids
3025
80
1813
65
18
25
65
1525
73
2320
68
13
30
83
15
33
88
20
40
80
10DAT1 (July 28) 4DAT2 (August 11) 4DAT4 (August 25)
Un
tr. c
he
ck
Gra
nd
evo
3.0
lb
M-P
ed
e2
%
Aze
ra3
2o
z
Pyo
la 8
7o
z
Pyg
anic
18
oz
Variety: Bella Rosa
Safe
r B
ion
ee
m
Myc
otr
ol3
2o
z
Un
tr. c
he
ck
Gra
nd
evo
3.0
lb
M-P
ed
e2
%
Aze
ra3
2o
z
Pyo
la 8
7o
z
Pyg
anic
18
oz
Safe
r B
ion
ee
m
Myc
otr
ol3
2o
zUn
tr. c
he
ck
Gra
nd
evo
3.0
lb
M-P
ed
e2
%
Aze
ra3
2o
z
Pyo
la 8
7o
z
Pyg
anic
18
oz
Safe
r B
ion
ee
m
Myc
otr
ol3
2o
z
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High Tunnel Pest Management Tips• Organic approved i-cides:
– Bt products (Xentari®, Thuricide®)…BCA FRIENDLY!
– Spinosad (Entrust®, Monterey Spinosad®)
– Pyrethrin (Pyganic®, Natural Pyrethrin®)
– Neem with azadirachtin (Molt-X®, Neemix®)…BCA FRIENDLY!
– New products: Azera®, Requeim®, Grandevo®
• Use insecticidal oils carefully (do not use >85F)
• Always rotate insecticides, stop applications when not needed!
• Protect beneficial insects, do augmentative releases.
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Extension Resources
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www.aces.edu/vegetableipm
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www.aces.edu/beginningfarms
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