high speed vessel fendering system design presenters: cameron clark dave maharaj okason morrison...

High Speed Vessel High Speed Vessel Fendering System DesignFendering System Design

Presenters:Presenters:Cameron Clark Cameron Clark

Dave MaharajDave Maharaj

Okason MorrisonOkason MorrisonJean-Pierre NjanteJean-Pierre NjanteAlexandra OrtizAlexandra Ortiz

Advisor:Advisor:

Prof. SadeghProf. Sadegh

Sponsor:Sponsor:U.S. Army Natick U.S. Army Natick

Soldier CenterSoldier CenterMay 17, 2005

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005

The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department

OverviewOverview NomenclatureNomenclature Problem Definition Problem Definition Ship SpecificationShip Specification Patent SearchPatent Search GANTT ChartGANTT Chart Design Concept AlternativesDesign Concept Alternatives Final Fender DesignFinal Fender Design Analysis of Final Fender Design ConceptAnalysis of Final Fender Design Concept Final Fender Design SpecificationsFinal Fender Design Specifications Manufacturing ProcessManufacturing Process Modifications performedModifications performed Testing:Testing:

• Static Static • Dynamic Dynamic

Testing ResultsTesting Results ConclusionConclusion Future WorkFuture Work

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


NomenclatureNomenclature Fender: Fender:

• Absorb the kinetic energy of Absorb the kinetic energy of berthing vessels.berthing vessels.

• Provide standoff distance to Provide standoff distance to prevent contact with other prevent contact with other vessels and supporting vessels and supporting structures.structures.

• Protect vessel from damage.Protect vessel from damage.

CausewaysCauseways DockDock Ship-to-shipShip-to-ship Outer beam (donut)Outer beam (donut)

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Problem DefinitionProblem Definition Design a pneumatic fender system for an Design a pneumatic fender system for an

Australian high-speed passenger ferry.Australian high-speed passenger ferry.

Manufacture a scaled down prototype of the Manufacture a scaled down prototype of the fender.fender.

Develop a deployment and storage mechanism.Develop a deployment and storage mechanism.

Fender should be designed for applications such Fender should be designed for applications such as ship-to-ship, ship to causeways and ship to as ship-to-ship, ship to causeways and ship to pier or dock.pier or dock.

Fender must maintain a standoff distance of 6ft Fender must maintain a standoff distance of 6ft from contacting structure.from contacting structure.

Test prototype for abrasion and functionality. Test prototype for abrasion and functionality.

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


HSV SpecificationsHSV SpecificationsSwift Basic Dimensions:Swift Basic Dimensions:

Length Overall = 318.92 ftLength Overall = 318.92 ftBeam Overall = 87.25 ftBeam Overall = 87.25 ftFreeboard = 31.90 ftFreeboard = 31.90 ftDraft = 11.25 ft Draft = 11.25 ft Single Hull Beam = 15.50 ftSingle Hull Beam = 15.50 ftVert Location of Vert Location of Rub Rail on Hull = 3.0 ft Rub Rail on Hull = 3.0 ft

from water from water lineline

Weight:Weight:

Deadweight = 669 long tonsDeadweight = 669 long tons Displacement; loaded = Displacement; loaded =

1772 long tons 1772 long tons

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Patent SearchPatent Search

Patent #6161494Patent #6161494 highlightshighlights

◊ Inflation-deflation Inflation-deflation bodies.bodies.

◊ Activation by command.Activation by command.◊ Reduce storage space. Reduce storage space.

Patent #5357888Patent #5357888 highlightshighlights

◊ Elongated inflatable Elongated inflatable buoyancy tube.buoyancy tube.

◊ Deflated before use.Deflated before use.

Patents used as guidance for concept development:

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Design GANTT Chart (Schedule Table)Design GANTT Chart (Schedule Table)

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Manufacturing GANTT ChartManufacturing GANTT Chart1/27 2/1 2/3 2/8 2/10 2/15 2/17 ### 2/24 3/1 3/3 3/8 3/10 3/15 3/17 3/22 3/24 3/29 3/31 4/5 4/7 4/12 4/14 4/19 4/21 4/26 4/28 5/3 5/5 5/10 5/12 5/17 5/19

MaterialsPaper Model 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Material Search 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Material Ordering 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Compression testing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Dynamic Testing 1 1 1 1

Report 1 1

Design Concept Presentation 1 1

Milestone Number

Testing

Documentation

Presentation

MayFebruary March AprilTask Name

January

n

1

2

4

5

6

3

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Existing Fender DesignsExisting Fender Designs

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Design Concept Alternatives 1 & 2Design Concept Alternatives 1 & 2

Elastomer “Balloon”

Advantage Advantage Ensures that the ships do Ensures that the ships do

not come within the not come within the specified minimum distance. specified minimum distance.

Absorbs the impact energy Absorbs the impact energy by the extra beams. by the extra beams.

The pressure is kept The pressure is kept approximately constant in approximately constant in the air beams.the air beams.

DisadvantageDisadvantage Manufacturing issues of the Manufacturing issues of the

extra beams.extra beams. Manufacturing issues at the Manufacturing issues at the

connections.connections.

Elastomer “Balloon”

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Design Concept Alternative 3Design Concept Alternative 3

Expansionbeams

AdvantageAdvantage

Ensures that the ships do not Ensures that the ships do not come within the specified come within the specified minimum distance.minimum distance.

Absorbs the impact energy by the Absorbs the impact energy by the expansion beam. expansion beam.

The pressure is kept The pressure is kept approximately constant in the approximately constant in the beams.beams.

DisadvantageDisadvantage

Manufacturing issues at the Manufacturing issues at the expansion beam connections.expansion beam connections.

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Design Concept Alternative 4Design Concept Alternative 4

AdvantageAdvantage Independent translation & Independent translation &

rotation of the outer beam rotation of the outer beam “donut”.“donut”.

““Donut” absorbs most of the Donut” absorbs most of the energy. (Takes the abuse)energy. (Takes the abuse)

Disadvantage Disadvantage Corrosion issues with bottom Corrosion issues with bottom

bushing.bushing. Buoyancy issues.Buoyancy issues. Require lubrication.Require lubrication. Storage.Storage.

Cable

Commercial FenderProtection

Bushing

Single air beams configuration withSingle air beams configuration withcommercial fender protection as an outer beam commercial fender protection as an outer beam ““donut”donut”

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Final Fender Design ConceptFinal Fender Design Concept

Weights

Rope

Outer beam “Donut”

One-way Valve

WaterReservoir

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Final Fender Design ConceptFinal Fender Design Concept

Air Release

WaterReservoir

Ring

Separation of air beamAnd water reservoir

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Water Reservoir FunctionalityWater Reservoir Functionality

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Air Beam CalculationsAir Beam CalculationsConfiguration Equations

P 2 a2

b2

a b( )2

2Euler's Approxiamate Formula:

e2

1b

2

a2

whereP 2 a 1

1

2 n 1( )

2 n( )

2n

n 2

2

e2n

Exact:

Perimeter of an ellipse

E 2P2 d AsP 2 aAs P hP2 P1

V1

V2

V2 Ac L

V1 D

2 L4

D3

6Ac a ba 0.5 D

22 b

2 b 0.5 D d

Aellipse a b

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Sensitivity of air beam diameter Sensitivity of air beam diameter to crush distance and pressureto crush distance and pressure

Pressure vs Crush Distance4.2 psig Initial Pressure and L = 12 ft

Dia. = 6 ftDia. = 8 ft

Dia. = 10 ft

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Crush Dis. (ft)

Pre

ssu

re (

psi

g)

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Initial Pressure vs Displacement of a Initial Pressure vs Displacement of a 6 ft diameter air beam when it reaches the final 6 ft diameter air beam when it reaches the final

pressure of 8 Psigpressure of 8 PsigInitial Pressure vs Displacement

Dia. 6 ft for L = 12 ft Cylindrical Beam 8 psig limit

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

Displacement (ft)

Init

ial P

res

su

re (

Psig

)

Max. pressure of 8 psig is reachedwhen a 6ft dia. air beam of 4.5 psig is displaced by 1.8 ft

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Outer Beam “Donut” CalculationsOuter Beam “Donut” Calculations

Thickness Determination

Where:Where:

ρρrr = density of “donut” material. = density of “donut” material.

ρρww = density of water. = density of water.

ρρaa = density of air. = density of air.

RRfenderfender = radius of fender. = radius of fender.

T = total “donut” thickness.T = total “donut” thickness.t = thickness of “donut” material.t = thickness of “donut” material.

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Final Design SpecificationsFinal Design Specifications Pneumatic fender configuration air beam size:Pneumatic fender configuration air beam size:

Height : 12 ftHeight : 12 ftDiameter: 6 ftDiameter: 6 ftInternal pressure: 6 psigInternal pressure: 6 psigEstimated maximum displacement at 8 psig: 1 ftEstimated maximum displacement at 8 psig: 1 ft

Outer beam “donut” configuration:Outer beam “donut” configuration:Height: 5 ftHeight: 5 ftInner diameter: 6.5 ftInner diameter: 6.5 ftOuter diameter: 9 ft Outer diameter: 9 ft Donut thickness: 1.25 ftDonut thickness: 1.25 ftwall thickness: ½ inchwall thickness: ½ inchinternal pressure of donut: 4 psiginternal pressure of donut: 4 psig

Clearance between donut and fender is 3 inches.Clearance between donut and fender is 3 inches.

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Finite Element AnalysisFinite Element Analysis

Symmetric model with concentrated Load Application

Load: 108 kips Constraints

Internal pressure: 8psig

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Finite Element Analysis – DeformationFinite Element Analysis – Deformation

3.47in

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Finite Element Analysis – StressFinite Element Analysis – Stress

237.7ksi

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Finite Element AnalysisFinite Element Analysis

Symmetric Model with distributed Load Application

Load: 108 kips

Internal pressure: 8psig

Constraints

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Finite Element Analysis – DeformationFinite Element Analysis – Deformation

0.22in

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Finite Element Analysis – StressFinite Element Analysis – Stress

171.7ksi

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Fender ModificationsFender Modifications

The following modifications were done to the fender The following modifications were done to the fender due to manufacturing limitations.due to manufacturing limitations.

No weights at the No weights at the bottom.bottom.

Crown location was Crown location was moved.moved.

Straps were added.Straps were added.

Foam was used inside Foam was used inside the outer beam instead the outer beam instead of air.of air.

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Manufacturing Manufacturing

Material used for the air beam:Material used for the air beam: Brown tarpBrown tarp White strapWhite strap Plexy glassPlexy glass ThreadsThreads Copper wire (made into a ring)Copper wire (made into a ring)

Materials used for the outer Materials used for the outer beam:beam:

RubberRubber AdhesiveAdhesive Black spray paint Black spray paint

Materials:

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Manufacturing ProcessManufacturing Process

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Manufactured PrototypeManufactured Prototype

Scale: 1/10th

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Manufacturing ProcessManufacturing ProcessCrane

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Deployment and StorageDeployment and Storage

Inflation of the Air BeamInflation of the Air Beam

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Deployment TestingDeployment Testing

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Free Body DiagramFree Body Diagram

Mw*g

Fdrag

s

Mship

a

ammFWFt

sa

weightshipimpact drag)(

22

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Testing SetupTesting Setup

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Stability TestingStability Testing

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Static Testing ResultsStatic Testing Results

Load vs Deflection (Static Loading, Damped)

y = 10.469x

05

101520253035

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Deflection (in)

Lo

ad (

lbs)

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Dynamic-Undamped Testing ResultsDynamic-Undamped Testing Results

Load vs Displacement (Dynamic, Undamped)

y = 5.048x

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Displacement (in)

Lo

ad (

lbs)

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Dynamic-Damped Testing ResultsDynamic-Damped Testing Results

Load vs Displacement (Dynamic, Damped)

y = 2.576x

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Deflection (in)

Lo

ad

(lb

s)

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


ConclusionConclusion This design has a good energy absorption This design has a good energy absorption

capability.capability.

It can be quickly and easily It can be quickly and easily deployed/stored.deployed/stored.

Occupies small storage area.Occupies small storage area.

It has a good stability in water.It has a good stability in water.

Can be used for the different berthing Can be used for the different berthing applications.applications.

May 17, 2005May 17, 2005


Future WorkFuture Work

Perform a pressure differential test for Perform a pressure differential test for inner air beam.inner air beam.

Pressurize the outer beam (donut).Pressurize the outer beam (donut).

Devise a better means of recording Devise a better means of recording deflection.deflection.

Perform torsional testing.Perform torsional testing.

Redesign one-way valve.Redesign one-way valve.

Thank YouThank YouQuestions?Questions?

high speed vessel fendering system design presenters: cameron clark dave maharaj okason morrison...

Documents

pneumatic fender system

expansion beam connections

ft single hull beam

buoyancy issues

extra beams

standoff distance

concept development

impact energy