High Speed Networks5 - Fiber Optic Networks

Edoardo BereraTelelinea

2

Plan

• Fiberoptic cables• UNSA: ATM & Gigabit networks• Renater 2• NTI• TEN-155 / GEANT• FLAG• SEA-ME-WE 3• Project OXYGEN

3

Fiberoptic Cables

4

UNSA

• Backbone– ATM 155 Mb/s

• User access– IP over ATM– Ethernet 10/100 Mb/s

5

UNSA

• Backbone– ATM 155 Mb/s

• Evolution to Gigabit/s campus network– Tests Commutateurs

Gigabit Ethernet

• User access– IP over ATM– Ethernet 10/100 Mb/s

6

Gigabit Ethernet

7

Renater 2

• Réseau National de Télécommunication pour l’Enseignement et la Recherche

• IPv4 et IPv6 (G6)

8

NTI

• Noeud de Transit International

9

TEN-155

• Trans-European Network

• 155 Mb/s

10

GEANT

11

FLAG

• Fiber Link Around the Globe

12

FLAG Cable

• Two fibre pairs - each operating at 5 Gb/s.• Over 28,000 kilometres of cable. • 120,000 digital circuits operating at 64 kb/s. • Up to 600,000 simultaneous conversations per segment. • 326 erbium-doped optical amplifiers. • Four fibre-switched branching units.• Diversely routed land crossings - two in Egypt and two in Thailand.• Operational since November 22, 1997• Installed and commissioned in 27 months• Cost 1.5 B$

13

Erbium doped optical amplifier

Source: IEEE Spectrum

14

SEA-ME-WE 3

• South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 3– Germany to Australia, Taiwan, Korea and Japan

• operational since August 30, 1999

• 38 000 Km, 2 pairs of fibers – direct optical amplification

– wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)

– 8 wavelengths (colors) per pair of fibers

– bypass units allow the insertion/extraction of one or two colors per fiber

– 30 000 telephone circuits per wavelength

– 483 840 digital 64 kb/s circuits

• 33 countries, 25 years of lifetime, 1.5 B$

15

WDM and DWDM

• Wavelength Division Multiplexing• Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Source: S.V. Kartalopoulos, « Introduction to DWDM Technology: Data in a Rainbow », chapter 5, IEEE/SPIE

16

Project OXYGEN

• Neil Tagare, the originator of the FLAG cable

– Bechtel Corporation is OXYGEN's project manager

– Lehman Brothers serves as its financial advisor

• 169000 km

• DWDM technology

• 2.56 terabits of capacity

• 97 landing points in 76 countries

• Initial budget 15 B$

17

18

19

20

Landing Points

• Phase 1B – Egypt - Port Said

– Egypt - Alexandria

– France - Antibes

– Gibraltar - Gibraltar

– Greece - Athens

– Ireland - Dublin

– Israel - Tel Aviv

– Italy - Genoa

– Italy - Lido Di Ostia

– Lebanon - Beirut

– Malta - Valletta

– Monaco - Monaco

– Spain - Conil

– Spain - Barcelona

– Syria - Tartus

– Tunisia - Tunis

– Turkey - Izmir

– U.K. - Fareham

– U.S.A. - Tuckerton

21

22

23

24

Project OXYGEN

• Subscription price

– 10 M$ for 1.24 Gb/s network access for 25 years

– plus 9% per year for Operations and Maintenance of Network and Terminal Station

25

References

• CRI, UNSA• Renater• DANTE• FLAG• FCR• Project OXYGEN