high performance green buildings standard update: … · high performance green buildings standard...

AABC Commissioning GroupAIA Provider Number: 50111116

High Performance Green Buildings Standard Update: ASHRAE 189.1-2014Course Number: CXENERGY1516

Tom Lawrence, Ph.D., P.E., ASHRAE TAC Vice Chair & Distinguished LecturerApril 29, 2015

Credit(s) earned on completion

of this course will be reported

to AIA CES for AIA members.

Certificates of Completion for

both AIA members and non-AIA

members are available upon

request.

This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing

professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner ofhandling, using, distributing, or

dealing in any material or

product._______________________________________

____

Questions related to specific materials,

methods, and services will be addressed at

the conclusion of this presentation.

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws.

Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without

written permission of the speaker is prohibited.

Copyright 2015 by ASHRAE and Tom Lawrence.

All rights reserved.

Copyright Materials

6

GBCI cannot guarantee that course sessions

will be delivered to you as submitted to GBCI.

However, any course found to be in violation of

the standards of the program, or otherwise

contrary to the mission of GBCI, shall be

removed. Your course evaluations will help us

uphold these standards.

Course ID: 0090010505

By Tom Lawrence

Approved for:

1General CE hours

0LEED-specific hours

Overview of Standard 189.1-2011 for High-Performance, Green Buildings

ASHRAE, in conjunction with the U.S. Green Building Council and the

Illumination Engineers Society, has developed a standard for High

Performance, Green Buildings (Standard 189.1-2014). The Standard provides

the minimum requirements for a high-performance green building. This session

will review the Standard’s purpose, with a particular focus on the practical

applications of important changes in the 2014 edition, which include site

sustainability requirements, more stringent water usage, energy performance,

building envelope, emissions and renewables, lighting quality and much more.

Course

Description

Learning Objectives

1. Understand how the ASHRAE standard 189.1-2014 was developed and

revised by a coalition of industry stake-holder in order to ensure its

acceptance across a wide spectrum of design, engineering, environmental

and construction disciplines.

2. Learn about how ASHRAE 189.1 provides the minimum requirements for

designing, building and operating a high-performance green building.

3. Understand the purpose of ASHRAE 189.1 and the practical applications of

important changes in the 2014 edition.

4. Learn how changes to the ASHRAE 189.1 affect issues such as site

sustainability requirements, more stringent water usage, energy

performance, building envelope, emissions and renewables, and lighting

quality.

At the end of the this course, participants will be able

to:

Introduction and greetings from the

University of Georgia

Introduction

8

Background(s) and introduction

Questions are encouraged as we go…

my job is to time manage

Green building related speaking events outside U.S. mainland

High Performance Green Buildings and related topics are becoming a big focus around the globe

ASHRAE Standard 189.1

Overview of ASHRAE Standard 189.1 for “High-

Performance, Green Buildings”

What is it?

Why was it created?

Highlights and

comparison to

other programs

http://www.ashrae.org/greenstandard

ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014

11

An optional compliance path (“Jurisdictional

Compliance Option”) to the International Green

Construction Code (IGCC)

“… compliance option of the International Green Construction Code.”Choice of the project team to use IGCC or Std 189.1

Official description of Standard 189.1 within U.S.

Sponsors and Project Committee

12

Consensus process

Sponsor and co-sponsors:

ASHRAE

USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council)

IES (Illuminating Engineering Society)

Project committee:

35+/- voting members;

variety of disciplines,

industries & organizations

Standard 189.1: Intent

13

What Standard 189.1 is:

• a standard

• applies to all buildings except low-rise

residential buildings (same as ASHRAE Std

90.1)

• intended for adoption into model building codes

What Standard 189.1 is not:

- not a design guide

- not a rating system

Even if not adopted by your local authorities, this Standard is an indication of future industry trends

Compare Standard 189.1 to LEED

14

Std. 189.1:

Improvement in all

topical areas

Pushes the envelope

Voluntary vs. mandatory

Progress and Status

15

3-½ years of development, with 4 rounds of

public review

Initial release in Jan. 2010

2014 release incorporated the nearly 50

addenda that were developed and approved for

the 2011 version

Key changes from 2011 are highlighted with the “New” button

Standard 189.1: Relation toOther ASHRAE Standards

Adopt, with modifications

Adopt, with minor

modificationsAdopt

Standard 55

17

Organization and What it Covers

(Similar to LEED and other

Systems)

Important Note

Standard 189.1 mostly sets

standards for performance or lists

specific equipment requirements

…

But it does not specify exact

design and implementation

methods

18

Prescriptive Compliance

Path

Performance Compliance

Path

Choice of project team: prescriptive orperformance, for each section

Mandatory Items

Standard 189.1Compliance Paths

Highlights of Standard 189.1

20

Section 5 – Sites:

All requirements are now mandatory

Allowable sites, where to build; or where not to allow a building

Other areas that are addressed: Urban heat island

Light “pollution” limitations

Stormwater management

Transportation impacts

Protection of natural areas andnative site features

Many Requirements Based on Climate

Zones

21 New Climate Zones – Standard 169-2013

SECTION 6 – WATER USE

EFFICIENCY

22

Water reservoir –North Georgia, USA: October 2007

Section 6 – Water Use Efficiency

Mandatory Provisions

Site water use:

Landscape design: bio-diverse and adapted

plantings for 60% of landscape

Irrigation design: hydrozoning

Controls: smart irrigation controllers


24

Mandatory Provisions

Building water use:

(§6.3.2.1) plumbing fixtures & fittings per

U.S. EPA WaterSense or ASME Standards, with

specific limit on flow amount or rate (table next

page)

(§6.3.2.2) appliances per U.S. EPA EnergyStar,

with water use factor for dwelling unit or public

access


25

Mandatory Provisions (cont.)

HVAC Systems (§6.3.2.3):

Cooling tower makeup, blowdown meters > threshold capacity

Efficient drift eliminators (0.002% counterflow, 0.005% cross-flow)

Condensate collection from units > 65,000 Btu/h (19 kW) in areas with mean coincident wet bulb >72F (22C) @ 1% design condition

Water Measurement Thresholds

26

Cooling Tower Water Use

Reduction

27

Prescriptive Option (§6.4.2.1):

28

Standard 90.1-2010, Site EUI

Standard 189.1-2011, Site EUI

52.2 (592)

Net EUI for Standard 189.1-2011 is44.5 (505), which accounts for on-site renewable contribution2014 version EUI is still in evaluation

47.7 (541)

Key Changes from 2011

29

29

Energy: Significant updates to reflect the publication of Standard 90.1-2013, including revised building envelope provisions. Fenestration orientation requirements updated based on new research. Changes and updates to equipment efficiency tables, Energy Star references, and continuous air-barrier requirements.

Energy Performance, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Renewables: Changes and clarifications to reflect changes to Standard 90.1. Updated carbon dioxide emission factors for different energy sources.

General Compliance Paths -

Energy

30

Energy: Mandatory On-Site

Renewable

31

On-site renewable power (§7.3.2)

Provisions for future installation annual energy

production ≥6 kBtu/ft² (20 kWh/m²) single-story;

≥10 kBtu/ft² (32 kWh/m²) multi-story

32

Approximate range of <4.0 kWh/m² per day

Example: On-Site Renewable Energy

Mostly 1-story, except as indicated2-story office area “Penthouse”

mechanical room1-story “high bay” labs

Energy – Mandatory (continued):

34

Remote or automatic energy monitoring

(§7.3.3)

criteria based on size

Energy sources (Table 7.3.3-1)

Key systems (Table 7.3.3-2)

Meters communicate to central recording

system

Data storage for minimum 36 months

Exception: Residential portions of buildings complying with this Standard

Energy Metering Thresholds

35

Average EUI of 2011 version = 44.5

kBtu/ft²

Standard 189.1 builds from 90.1 …

Energy: Prescriptive Option

(§7.4)

36

Prescriptive Option: Renewable

Energy

37

Two options for demonstrating compliance:Baseline: Install the amount of on-site

renewable energy specified in mandatory section. ≥6 kBtu/ft² (20 kWh/m²) single-story; ≥10 kBtu/ft² (32 kWh/m²) multi-story

Exception (meet both of these):

Low incident solar locations (<4.0 kWh/m2/day)

Purchase of green power in terms of “7 kWh/ft²-yr [75 kWh/m²-yr]” annually until cumulative purchase of 70 kWh/ft²-yr [750 kWh/m²-yr]

Prescriptive Option: Renewable

Energy

38

Alternate Renewables Approach:Reduced On-Site Renewable Energy and Higher Efficiency Equipment

If project complies with higher energy efficiency requirements in Appendix B, water heating, other efficiency measures (Energy Star® etc.), on-site required lowers to≥4 kBtu/ft² (13 kWh/m²) single-story; ≥7 kBtu/ft² (22 kWh/m²) multi-story

39

Comply with Std 90.1, Section 5 as modified…

Comply with Table 5.5-1 through 5.5-8 on building

envelope in 90.1, as modified for Climate Zones 4 – 8:

U-, C- and F- factors reduced by 10%

(Tables 5.5-4 thru 5.5-8)

Insulation Min. R-Value Column of Std. 90.1

shall not apply

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) for east and

west oriented fenestration reduced by 10%

If no requirement (‘NR’) listed, does not apply

SHGC reduction not applicable to spaces meeting

daylighting area requirements in §8.4.1

(§7.4.2)

Prescriptive Option: Building

Envelope

Prescriptive Option (Building

Envelope)

40

Vertical fenestration <40% gross wall area(§7.4.2.4)

41

Permanent Projections

Overhang: PF >0.5 (§7.4.2.5) Exceptions for < 250 hours/yr direct sun,dynamic glazing, or automated controlled shadingin response to daylight levels(with restrictions as listed)

West, east & south orientations

Climate zones 1-5


Envelope)

42

Building envelope trade-off option of Standard

90.1 does not apply unless this incorporates all

modifications in Standard 189.1 section (§7.4.2)

Push toward “smarter” window placement and

selection (§7.4.2.8)

ExceptionsBuildings

adjacent to or

shaded by other

buildings, hills,

etc.


Envelope)

§7.4.3 HVAC

Adopt, with modifications

General Concept:Based on Standard 90.1, but modifications to improved energy performance over code minimum standards

§7.4.3 HVAC and Renewables

44

Projects opting for Alternate Renewables

Approach

§7.4.3.1 Minimum equipment efficiency

incentives for higher efficient equipmentEquipment Efficiency, Renewables Compliance Options

Baseline Approach “Code Minimum” (Standard 90.1)

Use equipment with EPActbaseline efficiency levels, and:• Renewable energy system producing 6.0 kBtu/ft² roof area annually

• Peak electrical load reduction of 10%

Alternate Renewables Approach Higher efficiency

Use higher efficiency of Energy Star requirements and Appendix C, and:• Renewable energy system producing 4.0 kBtu/ft² roof area annually

• Peak electrical load reduction of 5%

Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV)

§7.4.3.2

45

Requirements for DCV in Standard 189.1 and

90.1

Exceptions: • design outdoor airflow <

750 cfm• Exhaust energy recovery• Space outdoor airflow

used as makeup for other spaces

• Prison cells, daycare sickrooms, science lab, barber, beauty salon, bowling alleys

Both now use densely occupied space definition of 25 people/1000 ft² (100 m²)

and area >500 ft² (50 m²)

Note: Type of DCV used is not specified

§7.4.3.3 HVAC - Economizer

46

Minor requirement changes from Standard 90.1

Rooftop units <5 tons: two stage (first stage economizer, second

stage adds mechanical)

VAV with fixed supply temperature, capable for temperature reset

by at least 5º F (3º C) during economizer operation

Exceptions per Standard 90.1, Section 6.5.1 with slight

modificationsStandard 90.1 Requirement

-Capacity > 54,000 Btu/h (15.8 kW), and same climate zones

§7.4.3 HVAC – Fan Power

47

§7.4.3.5 Fan power limits, below Standard 90.1

Total fan efficiency at design operating point within 10% of the maximum efficiency of that fan.

- 10%

From Standard 90.1-2013 (IP version, SI similar).Parameter ‘A’ includes pressure drop adjustments based on system design

§7.4.3.6 HVAC – Exhaust Energy

Recovery

48

Energy recovery effectiveness of 60% (instead of 50% in Standard 90.1)

Standard 189.1 and 90.1 now use the

same threshold size table (next slide)

Standard 90.1-2013 energy recovery

49

HVAC: Kitchen Exhaust, Duct

Insulation

50

§7.4.3.7 Kitchen hoods > 2000 cfm,

comply with Table (below)

§7.4.3.8 Minimum duct insulation

increased (Tables A-2 and A-3)

§7.4.3.9 Hotel/Motel Guest

Rooms

51

§7.4.3.9 Unoccupied hotel/motel (>50 guest rooms) occupancy control of HVAC (setback), ventilation and lighting, TV after 30-minute delay

Reset thermostat for unrented or unoccupiedrooms

No captive keycard systems

52

§7.4.5 Power and Peak Load

§7.4.5 Power

Peak load reduction:

Reduce peak capacity of the building through

demand-limiting or load shifting measures (10%)

Standby generation does not count…

The “Alternate Renewables Approach” exception

§7.4.6 Lighting Power Allowance

53

Interior lighting power allowance reduced from

Tables 9.5.1(Building Area) or 9.6.1(Space-by-

Space) in Standard 90.1

Exterior lighting allowance

LPD Factor multiplier for 90.1 values

§7.4.6 Lighting Power Allowance

54

For Table 9.6.1(Space-by-Space) in Standard

90.1 (partial example)

55

§7.4.6 Lighting Controls (Cont’d)

(§7.4.6.2) Occupancy sensor control to reduce

power to <50% for commercial, industrial

storage stack aisles

Exception: HID lit areas < 0.8 W/ft² or 8 W/m²

Egress lighting control (§7.4.6.3)

< 0.1 W/ft2 (1 W/m²) Additional allowed if w/ auto shut-off

Also mentions exterior and parking lighting

56

§7.4.7 Other Equipment

7.4.7.1 Alternate Renewable Approach comply with applicable equipment efficiency requirements in Normative Appendix B (such as unitary A/C units, heat pumps, chillers)

7.4.7.2 Condenser heat recovery in larger supermarkets (>25,000 ft2) 25% of full-load heat rejection

80% of space or service HW heat,or dehumidification reheat

Limits of how system impacted (head pressure and condensing T)

7.4.7.3 Energy Star equipment for Alternate Renewables Approach

Energy Performance Based

Options

57

§7.5 Performance Based Option:

Former Method: Simply demonstrate

equivalent performance in both energy cost

and CO2 equivalent compared to using the

Prescriptive path for energy, plus relevant

portions of Sections 5, 6 and 8 Proposed

(Mandatory + Prescriptive Path)

• Energy performance option changes– Deletion of requirement for comparing peak

demand and annual load factor in performance

path option

– Documentation of CO2e calc. required, renewable

energy and equipment efficiency adjustments

from Std 90.1 approach

– Performance option A and B approach:

‘A’ sets % savings below 90.1-2013 by type

(next slide); ‘

B’ is original 189.1 method

58

§7.5 Energy Performance Options

Performance option ‘A’ % energy, CO2e

savings

59


60

CO2 Emissions Factors based on the energy

source

National (U.S.) based numbers(Modified recently)


SECTION 8

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL

QUALITY

61

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)

62

Key Items

Outdoor airflow

Tobacco smoke control

Outdoor air monitoring

Filtration and air cleaning

Daylighting

Thermal comfort

Acoustics

Key Changes from 2011

63

63

Indoor Environmental Quality: Lighting

quality has been added to the scope of this

section and requirements have been added for

lighting controls in specific space types.

Requirements for air sealing of filtration and

air-cleaning equipment have been clarified,

and new requirements for preoccupancy

ventilation and building envelope moisture

management have been added.

Indoor Air Quality Related

Ventilation requirement

Outdoor air monitoring

Filtration

Smoking

Building entrances

Guest Room Preoccupancy Purge

Preoccupancy ventilation control

Thermal Comfort

Acoustics

Lighting Quality

Building Envelope

IEQ – Mandatory Items

65

§8.3.1 IAQ

Rate per Standard 62.1, using Ventilation Rate Procedure (Healthcare Std. 170)

§8.3.1.2 Outdoor Air Monitoring

Permanently mounted, direct outdoor airflow measurement±10% of minimum outdoor airflow (Differs from LEED in that CO2 monitoring for densely occupied spaces is not specified)

Constant volume air supply, damper position feedback allowable instead

IEQ – Mandatory:

Ventilation Rate and Monitoring

66

§8.3.1.3 Filtration, Air Cleaner

(a) Particulates - Minimum MERV 8 upstream of cooling coils, MERV 13 when project located in “non-attainment” area for PM2.5 (Modifes Healthcare Std. 170) Equivalent to recently modified Std 62.1 values now.

(b) Ozone cleaners for outdoor air in building projects located in non-attainment areas for ozone. (Ozone removal efficiency = 40%, per Std. 62.1 §6.2.1.2)

(c) Filter frames, air cleaner racks, access doors sealed to eliminate bypass pathways (modified)

IEQ – Mandatory:

Filtration and Air Cleaning

67

§8.3.1.4

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control

No smoking inside, with signage

No smoking within 25 feet (7.5 m) of entrance,

outdoor air intakes or operable windows

IEQ – Mandatory:

Smoking and Building

Entrances

§8.3.1.5 Mat systems at building

entrances

68

§8.3.3

Exterior: Envelope acoustical design for projects located near expressways, airports, or when yearly average sound levels at property >65 decibels (dB)

Interior: Wall and floor-ceiling assemblies with specified sound transmission class (STC) ratings in dwelling units, adjacent tenant or public spaces, classrooms and hotel or hospital/nursing home rooms

IEQ – Mandatory: Acoustical

Control

69

Soil gas retarder for areas with high radon

(Zone 1) or brownfield site developments

IEQ – Mandatory:

Isolation from Soil Pollutants

IEQ – Mandatory: Lighting Quality

71

71

§8.3.5

Enclosed Offices: Provide at least one of the following for 90% of offices < 250 ft²

Multilevel lighting control

Bilevel lighting control with separate task lighting.

Multioccupant spaces

Multilevel lighting control

Gyms, auditoriums, ballrooms and cafeteria with at least two separate controlled groups of luminaries

IEQ – Mandatory: Moisture Control

72

72

§8.3.6

Perform a moisture analysis per ASHRAE Standard 160 or vapor-transmission analysis as outlined in Section 8.3.6.1 and 8.3.6.2 for building envelope and humid spaces with potentially unique dew-point conditions (such as kitchens, pool enclosures, locker rooms, museum spaces, etc.)

Provide flashing or sealants around fenestration, door assembles, penetrations for mechanical equip’t

73

Daylighting

Office space shading (glare)

Low-emitting materials

Prescriptive Option (§8.4)

Daylighting simulation

Materials emissions

Lighting for presentations

IEQ – Performance Option

74

SECTION 9

BUILDINGS IMPACT ON

ATMOSPHERE, MATERIALS

AND RESOURCES

75

Building’s Impact on Atmosphere,

Materials and Resources (Section 9)

76

Mandatory: Construction waste management, materials

extraction and harvesting, no CFC-based refrigerants, low mercury lamps, storage for recyclable and discarded goods

Prescriptive Option: Reduced impact materials

(recycled or salvaged,regional, biobased)

Performance Option: Life Cycle Assessment

CONSTRUCTION AND

PLANS FOR OPERATION

§10.3.2 Plans for Operation

77

Construction and Operation Plans

OVERVIEW

78

§10.3.1 Construction

Building acceptance testing

Commissioning

Erosion and sediment control

Indoor air quality

Moisture control

Construction vehicles

§10.3.2 Plans for Operation

79

1. High-Performance Building Operation

Site Sustainability

Water Use Efficiency

Energy Efficiency

Indoor Environmental Quality

2. Maintenance

3. Service Life

4. Transportation Management

High-Performance Building Design:

Related ASHRAE Learning Institute

Courses

80

Basics of High-Performance Building Design

Advanced High-Performance Building Design

High Performance Building Design

Applications and Future Trends

Building Demand Response and Smart Grid

This concludes The American Institute of

Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

Dr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEED-

AP

[email protected]

high performance green buildings standard update: … · high performance green buildings standard...

Documents