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US Economic Briefing: High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. May 23, 2018 Dr. Edward Yardeni 516-972-7683 [email protected] Debbie Johnson 480-664-1333 [email protected] Mali Quintana 480-664-1333 [email protected] Please visit our sites at www.yardeni.com blog.yardeni.com thinking outside the box

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Page 1: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

US Economic Briefing:High Frequency Indicators

Yardeni Research, Inc.

May 23, 2018

Dr. Edward Yardeni516-972-7683

[email protected]

Debbie Johnson480-664-1333

[email protected]

Mali Quintana480-664-1333

[email protected]

Please visit our sites atwww.yardeni.comblog.yardeni.com

thinking outside the box

Page 2: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

Table Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents

May 23, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators www.yardeni.com

Yardeni Research, Inc.

Key Global Indicators 1Global Boom Bust Barometer 2US Leading Indicators 3ECRI 4Citigroup Economic Surprise Index 5US Unemployment Claims 6-7US Petroleum Usage 8US Electricity Output 9-10US Railcar Loadings 11-14US Federal Tax Receipts & Deposits 15US Business Credit 16MBA Mortgage Applications Survey 17US Commercial Paper 18US Liquid Assets 19-20US Profits Cycle 21-23Confidence, Boom Bust Barometer, S&P 500 24Gasoline Prices & Rig Count 25

Page 3: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2040

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5/22

Feb

INDUSTRIAL COMMODITY PRICES & WORLD EXPORTS

CRB Raw Industrials Spot Price Index*(1967=100)

Volume of World Exports(2005=100, sa)

* Includes copper scrap, lead scrap, steel scrap, tin, zinc, burlap, cotton, print cloth, wool tops, hides, rosin, rubber, and tallow.Source: The Commodity Research Bureau and CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy.

yardeni.com

Figure 1.

95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 203

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5/22

Jan

INDUSTRIAL COMMODITY PRICES & WORLD EXPORTS

CRB Raw Industrials Spot Price Index*(1967=100)

Value of World Exports (IMF)(trillion dollars, annualized, nsa)

Source: Commodity Research Bureau and IMF.* Includes copper scrap, lead scrap, steel scrap, tin, zinc, burlap, cotton, print cloth, wool tops, hides, rosin, rubber, and tallow.

yardeni.com

Figure 2.

Key Global Indicators

Page 1 / May 23, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators www.yardeni.com

Yardeni Research, Inc.

Page 4: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 202040

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130

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5/22

YRI GLOBAL GROWTH BAROMETER*

* Average of nearby price of Brent crude oil and CRB raw industrials spot price index times 2 and divided by 10.Source: The Commodity Research Bureau and Haver Analytics.

yardeni.com

Figure 3.

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 202020

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100

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160

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5/22

5/22

COMMODITY PRICES: INDUSTRIAL vs CRUDE OIL

CRB Raw IndustrialsSpot Price Index*

Brent Crude Oil Futures Price**(dollars per barrel)

* Times 2 and divided by 10. Includes copper scrap, lead scrap, steel scrap, tin, zinc, burlap, cotton, print cloth, wool tops, hides, rosin, rubber, and tallow.** Nearby futures price.

Source: The Commodity Research Bureau and Haver Analytics.

yardeni.com

Figure 4.

Global Boom Bust Barometer

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Page 5: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 2130

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70

90

110

130

150

170

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90

110

130

150

170

Conference Board LEI(2016=100)

Apr

LEADING ECONOMIC INDICATORS

ECRI Weekly Leading Index(1992=100, 4-wa)

5/115/11

Apr

Source: Conference Board and Economic Cycle Research Institute (ECRI).Note: Shaded areas denote recessions according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.

yardeni.com

Figure 5.

73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 2140

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Conference Board CEI(2016=100)

Apr

LEADING & COINCIDENT ECONOMIC INDICATORS

ECRI Weekly Leading Index(1992=100, 4-wa)

5/115/11

Apr

Source: Conference Board and Economic Cycle Research Institute (ECRI).Note: Shaded areas denote recessions according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.

yardeni.com

Figure 6.

US Leading Indicators

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Yardeni Research, Inc.

Page 6: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020105

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2200

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0

-200

ECRI WEEKLY LEADING INDEX & HIGH YIELD CORPORATE SPREAD(basis points, inverted scale)

5/23

5/11

High-YieldCorporate Spread*

ECRI Weekly Leading Index(1992=100)

Note: Shaded areas denote recessions according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.* High yield corporate less 10-year Treasury yield.

Source: Merrill Lynch, Federal Reserve Board, and Economic Cycle Research Institute (ECRI).

yardeni.com

Figure 7.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020400

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5/23

S&P 500 INDEX & ECRI WEEKLY LEADING INDEX

ECRI WeeklyLeading Index(1992=100)

S&P 500 Index

Source: Standard & Poor’s and Economic Cycle Research Institute (ECRI).

yardeni.com

Figure 8.

ECRI

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Yardeni Research, Inc.

Page 7: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018-120

-100

-80

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160

CITIGROUPECONOMIC SURPRISE INDEX

(percent)

5/23

Based on US Dollar (9.8)

yardeni.com

Note: Blue shaded areas denote first quarter of each year.Source: Citigroup.

Figure 9.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018-150

-100

-50

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-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

5/23

CITIGROUP ECONOMIC SURPRISE INDEX(percent)

Based on G10 Currencies (-37)

yardeni.com

Source: Citigroup.

Figure 10.

Citigroup Economic Surprise Index

Page 5 / May 23, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators www.yardeni.com

Yardeni Research, Inc.

Page 8: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 21150

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INITIAL UNEMPLOYMENT CLAIMS(thousands, sa)

5/12

Note: Shaded areas denote recessions according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.Source: US Department of Labor.

yardeni.com

Figure 11.

73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 21150

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INITIAL UNEMPLOYMENT CLAIMS(thousands, sa, four-week moving average)

5/12

Note: Shaded areas denote recessions according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.Source: US Department of Labor.

yardeni.com

Figure 12.

US Unemployment Claims

Page 6 / May 23, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators www.yardeni.com

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Page 9: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 211

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CONTINUING UNEMPLOYMENT CLAIMS(millions, sa)

4/28

Continuing +Extended*

Continuing

yardeni.com

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.Note: Shaded areas denote recessions according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.

* Extended claims are nsa.

Figure 13.

73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 210

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CONTINUING UNEMPLOYMENT CLAIMS(millions, sa, four-week moving average)

4/28

Apr

Number ofUnemployed

Continuing

Continuing +Extended*

yardeni.com

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.Note: Shaded areas denote recessions according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.

* Extended claims are nsa.

Figure 14.

US Unemployment Claims

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91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2016

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5/18

US PETROLEUM PRODUCTS SUPPLIED(million barrels per day, 52-week ma)

Total* (20.4)

* Includes motor gasoline, distillate fuel oils, and all other products.Source: US Department of Energy and Haver Analytics.

yardeni.com

Figure 15.

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 207.0

7.5

8.0

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3.4

Mar

5/18

US GASOLINE DEMAND & VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED

Gasoline Usage(million barrels per day, 52-wa)

Vehicle Miles Traveled(trillion miles, 12-month sum)

Source: US Department of Energy.

yardeni.com

Figure 16.

US Petroleum Usage

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Page 11: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2060000

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5/19

US ELECTRIC UTILITY OUTPUT*(GW hours, 52-week moving average)

* Excluding Hawaii and Alaska.Source: Edison Electric Institute.

yarden

i.com

Figure 17.

95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20-6

-4

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5/19

Q1

US ELECTRIC UTILITY OUTPUT* vs. REAL GDP(yearly percent change)

Electric Utility Output(52-week moving average)

Real GDP

* Excluding Hawaii and Alaska.Source: Edison Electric Institute.

yardeni.com

Figure 18.

US Electricity Output

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Page 12: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2065

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5/19

US ELECTRIC UTILITY OUTPUT* vs. PRODUCTION(52-week moving average)

Electricity Output(GW hours)

Total Manufacturing Production

* Excluding Hawaii and Alaska.Source: Edison Electric Institute.

yardeni.com

Figure 19.

95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 209500

10500

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5/19

US ELECTRIC UTILITY OUTPUT* vs. GDP(52-week moving average)

Real GDP(billion dollars, saar)

Electricity Output(GW hours)

* Excluding Hawaii and Alaska.Source: Edison Electric Institute.

yardeni.com

Figure 20.

US Electricity Output

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Page 13: High Frequency Indicators - Yardeni · PDF fileTable Of Contents Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents March 18, 2018 / High Frequency Indicators Yardeni Research, Inc. Key Global Indicators

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020400

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5/19

RAILCAR LOADINGS*(thousand units, 26-wa)

Total

Source: Atlantic Systems and Standard & Poor’s.* Carloads plus intermodal.

yardeni.com

Figure 21.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020150

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5/19

RAILCAR LOADINGS(thousand units, 26-wa)

Carloads

Intermodal

Source: Atlantic Systems.

yardeni.com

Figure 22.

US Railcar Loadings

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90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 205

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30

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20

25

30

5/19

RAILCAR LOADINGS: MOTOR VEHICLES

Motor VehiclesLoadings(thousand units, 26-wa)Sales(million units, saar)

Source: Atlantic Systems and Haver Analytics.

yardeni.com

Figure 23.

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20200

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2600

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5/19

RAILCAR LOADINGS: LUMBER & WOOD PRODUCTS

Lumber & Wood ProductsLoadings(thousand units, 26-wa, sa)

Housing Starts(thousand units, saar)

Source: Atlantic Systems and US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

yardeni.com

Figure 24.

US Railcar Loadings

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Figure 25.

90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 2060

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5/19

RAILCAR LOADINGS(thousand units, 26-wa)

Coal

90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 203

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

5/19

Nonmetallic Minerals

90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 2030

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

5/19

Chemicals & PetroleumProducts

90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 205

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

5/19

Pulp & PaperProducts

90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 204

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

5/19

Metals & Products

Source: Atlantic Systems and American Trucking Association.

90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 206

7

8

9

10

11

5/19

Waste & ScrapMaterials

yardeni.com

US Railcar Loadings

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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 201970

75

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270

5/19Mar

ATA TRUCK TONNAGE INDEX & INTERMODAL RAILCAR LOADINGS

Railcar Loadings:Intermodal Containers(thousand units, nsa, 26-wa) (244.5)

ATA Truck Tonnage Index(2015=100, sa, 3-ma) (111.1)

Source: American Trucking Association and Atlantic Systems.

yardeni.com

Figure 26.

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2020

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RAILCAR LOADINGS: INTERMODAL TRAILERS(thousand units, 26-wa)

Source: Atlantic Systems and American Trucking Association.

yardeni.com

Figure 27.

US Railcar Loadings

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20201300

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5/22

FEDERAL TAX RECEIPTS & DEPOSITS: INDIVIDUAL & PAYROLL(billion dollars)

Deposits: Withheld Income & Employment Taxes(260-day sum)Receipts: Individual Income Taxes PlusSocial Insurance and Retirement Receipts*(12-month sum)

* Employment and General Retirement, Unemployment Insurance, and Other Retirement.Source: US Treasury and Haver Analytics.

yardeni.com

Figure 28.

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

5/22

Apr

FEDERAL TAX RECEIPTS & DEPOSITS: CORPORATE INCOME TAXES(billion dollars)

Deposits(260-day sum)Receipts(12-month sum)

Source US Treasury and Haver Analytics.

yardeni.com

Figure 29.

US Federal Tax Receipts & Deposits

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82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20400

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Mar

SHORT-TERM BUSINESS CREDIT & INVENTORIES(billion dollars)

5/9

C&I Loans PlusNonfinancialCommercial Paper(nsa)

Manufacturing & TradeInventories(sa)

Note: Shaded areas denote recessions according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.Source: Census Bureau.

yardeni.com

Figure 30.

575

775

975

1175

1375

1575

1775

1975

2175

2375

575

775

975

1175

1375

1575

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1975

2175

2375

5/9

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2060

100

140

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420

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5/16

COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL LOANS(billion dollars, nsa)

NONFINANCIAL COMMERCIAL PAPER(billion dollars, nsa)

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

yardeni.com

Figure 31.

US Business Credit

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90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 203

4

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5/18

Mar

MORTGAGE APPLICATIONS: NEW PURCHASE INDEX & SINGLE-FAMILY HOME SALES

Mortgage Applications:New Purchase Index(4-week average, sa)

New Plus ExistingSingle-Family Home Sales(million units, saar)

Source: Mortgage Bankers of America.

yardeni.com

Figure 32.

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200

2000

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0

2000

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5/18

MORTGAGE APPLICATIONS: REFINANCING INDEX(4-week average, sa)

Source: Mortgage Bankers Association.

yard

eni.

com

Figure 33.

MBA Mortgage Applications Survey

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Figure 34.

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20800

1000

1200

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5/16

COMMERCIAL PAPER OUTSTANDING(billion dollars, sa)

Total

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

5/16

Domestic Financial

Foreign Financial

Foreign Bank (nsa)

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20150

250

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550

650

750

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1150

1250

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Asset Backed

Total Financial

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2075

100

125

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175

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225

250

275

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325

350

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Nonfinancial

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US Commercial Paper

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90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 202.5

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7.07.58.08.59.09.510.010.511.011.512.012.5

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7.07.58.08.59.09.5

10.010.511.011.512.012.5 5/7LIQUID ASSETS*

(trillion dollars, sa, ratio scale)

* Total savings deposits (including money market deposit accounts), small time deposits, and total money market mutual funds held by individuals &institutions.Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

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Figure 35.

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2020

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LIQUID ASSETS*

As a percent ofWilshire 5000 (43.5)

S&P 500 Market Cap (53.1)

* Total savings deposits (including money market deposit accounts), small time deposits, and total money market mutual funds held by individuals &institutions.Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Standard & Poor’s Corporation, and Wall Street Journal.

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Figure 36.

US Liquid Assets

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84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20100500900130017002100250029003300370041004500490053005700610065006900730077008100850089009300

100500900

130017002100250029003300370041004500490053005700610065006900730077008100850089009300 5/7

5/7

INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS(billion dollars, sa)

Savings Deposits (includingMoney Market Deposit Accounts)*

Total Small TimeDeposits**

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

* Included in M2.** Included in M2. IRA and Keogh account balances are excluded.

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Figure 37.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020.4

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MONEY MARKET MUTUAL FUNDS(trillion dollars, sa)

Held By:Retail*

Institutions**

* Included in M2. IRA and Keogh account balances are excluded.** Included in MZM, but not in M1 or M2.

Source: Federal Reserve Board.

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Figure 38.

US Liquid Assets

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80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2010

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Apr

5/17S&P 500 FORWARD EARNINGS & COINCIDENT ECONOMIC INDICATORS

US CoincidentEconomic Indicators(2004=100)

Forward Earnings*

* Time-weighted average of consensus operating earnings estimates for current and next year. Monthly through March 1994, weekly thereafter.Source: Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S and Conference Board.

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Figure 39.

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20-60

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S&P 500 FORWARD EARNINGS & COINCIDENT ECONOMIC INDICATORS(yearly percent change)

US Coincident Economic Indicators

Forward Earnings*

* Time-weighted average of consensus operating earnings estimates for current and next year. Monthly through March 1994, weekly thereafter.Source: Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S and Conference Board.

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Figure 40.

US Profits Cycle

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95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2030

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5/17

S&P 500 FORWARD EARNINGS & FACTORY ORDERS

Total New Factory Orders(trillion dollars, saar)

Forward Earnings*(weekly)

* Time-weighted average of consensus operating earnings estimates for current and next year. Monthly through March 1994, weekly thereafter.Source: Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S and US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

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Figure 41.

95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20-35

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S&P 500 FORWARD EARNINGS & NEW FACTORY ORDERS(yearly percent change)

S&P 500 Forward Earnings*

New Factory Orders(3-ma)

* 52-week forward consensus expected S&P 500 operating earnings per share. Monthly through March 1994, weekly thereafter. Time-weighted averageof current and next year’s consensus earnings estimates.Source: Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

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Figure 42.

US Profits Cycle

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80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20-50

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5/17

S&P 500 FORWARD EARNINGS & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION(yearly percent change)

Forward Earnings*

US Industrial Production

* Time-weighted average of consensus operating earnings estimates for current and next year. Monthly through March 1994, weekly thereafter.Source: Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

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Figure 43.

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20-10

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S&P 500 FORWARD EARNINGS & INDEX OF AGGREGATE WEEKLY HOURS(yearly percent change)

Aggregate Hours

S&P 500 Forward Earnings*

* 52-week forward consensus expected operating earnings. Monthly through March 1994, weekly thereafter. Time-weighted average of current and next year’s consensus earnings estimates.Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics and Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S.

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Figure 44.

US Profits Cycle

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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 201940

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5/12YRI BOOM-BUST BAROMETER & CONSUMER COMFORT INDEX

Boom-Bust Barometer*

Consumer Comfort Index

* CRB raw industrials spot price index divided by initial unemployment claims, four-week moving average.Source: Bloomberg, Commodity Research Bureau, Department of Labor.

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Figure 45.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019600

800

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S&P 500 INDEX & YRI WEEKLY LEADING INDEX

S&P 500 Index

YRI Weekly Leading Index*

* Average of Consumer Comfort Index (which is a four-week average) and the four-week average of Boom-Bust Barometer, which is CRB raw industrialsspot price index (weekly average) divided by weekly initial unemployment claims.Source: Bloomberg, Commodity Research Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and Standard & Poor’s.

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Figure 46.

Confidence, Boom Bust Barometer, S&P 500

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1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021.6

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5/22

GASOLINE PRICES(dollars per gallon)

National AveragePump Price (weekly)Futures Price (daily)*

* Nearby contract.Source: Oil & Gas Journal and Haver Analytics.

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Figure 47.

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200

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ACTIVE US RIG COUNT(units)

US Rig CountTotal US (1046)

Gas (200)Oil (844)

Source: Baker Hughes Inc.

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Figure 48.

Gasoline Prices & Rig Count

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