10 | 2009 US-Taiwan High Technology Forum | Clean Energy

Vertical Axis Small Wind Turbine Breakthrough and Small Wind Turbine Application Limit

Jacken Chen, General Manager

Hi-VAWT Technology Corporation jacken@hi-energy.com.tw

Abstract

In the attempt to reduce the global warming effect, small wind turbine (SWT) is expecting to play more and more important role in the upcoming future. The traditional small wind turbine technology has been dominated by Horizontal Axis Small Wind Turbine (HASWT) for decades. However, the noise nuisance and the questionable practical power performance have been reported in two key problems of the traditional HASWT which limits SWT application very much.

Vertical Axis Small Wind Turbine (VASWT) is considered as a good solution to overcome the noise nuisance of SWT application. Whereas, it is reported that VASWT has problems of either failure of self-start or poor power performance. The industry is looking for a good VASWT to expand market of SWT.

Biography

Jacken Chen is a founder and general manager of Hi-VAWT Technology Corporation (Hi-VAWT), a company specializing in the design and manufacture of VASWT since January 2005. The unique design of Hi-VAWT’s VASWT accomplishes excellent low wind self-start and high power efficiency. Hi-VAWT has been selling the products successfully in Europe, UK, Korea, Taiwan and China; and is expecting to develop market sale in USA market starting year 2010.

Jacken Chen accomplished his bachelor degree of Chemical Engineer in 1979 at Tatung University in Taiwan. He started his first job career in Taiwan as sale representative of Freon* products for Dupont company. Many years later, Freon* products was under global control because of ozone depletion problem; he established his own company involved in mechanical, electronic and textile business for several years. In January 2005, Jacken decided to organize a company namely Hi Energy Technology Co., Ltd. for R&D and production of VASWT. Later on, the company decided to change company name as Hi-VAWT Technology Corporation in October 2009 in order to keep away from any possible similar name conflicts with some other companies in USA and Italy.

The Breakthrough Of SWT

Presented ByHi-VAWT Technology Corp.

CONTENTS• Company Profile• The Target Market Overview Of SWT• The Studies Of The Traditional SWT

Problem & The Appropriated Solution Of Hi-VAWT

• Global SWT Market Is Going To Takeoff• Hi-VAWT Applications

Company Profile Of

Hi-VAWT Technology Corp.

Company GoalLiving With Nature

Company ProfileCompany Profile

‧Company Establishment: January 20, 2005

‧Company Name: Hi-VAWT Technology Corp.

‧Company Logo:

‧Core Business: Design & Manufacture of VASWT

‧Capital: US$ 4,000,000 by April 2009.

‧Business Item: Design & Manufacture

‧Current Employee Number:

-Taiwan: 19 persons

-China: 25 Persons

Production Factory

Taiwan Linkou• Function: R&D, Operation 

center & Production

• Factory space:1,250 sq meters

• Monthly Production Capacity: 200 sets DS3000

China Kunshan• Function: Mass production

• Factory Space: 7,000 sq meters

• Monthly Production Capacity: 1,000 sets DS3000

Joint Resources Efforts Of Taiwan

Approved by Taiwan government as national R&D support project in government R&D aid of US$430,000

R&D Subject Joint University Professor Name

Power Controller Chin-Hwa University

Pan Chin-Tsai

Generator Wong Pei-Zhen

Air Dynamic Simulation Taiwan Technical University Lin Hsien-Chun

Mechanical SimulationWind Tunnel Test & System Integration

Chen-Kung University

Miau Jun-Yee

Government Industry Universities

The Target Market OverviewOf

SWT

Global LWT Grows QuicklyGlobal LWT Grows QuicklyAverage annual market growth reaches 32%;

Global LWT market amount was around US$15 billions or annual installed capacity of 15,197MW in year 2006 Global Annual Installed Capacity of Wind Power

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

MW

直條圖 1 移動平均　週期: 2 (直條圖 1)

Information From EWEA

Global PV Market Is Larger Than LWTGlobal PV Market Is Larger Than LWTAnnual average market growth is around 35%;

Global annual market amount hit US$20 billions or annual installed capacity of 2,249MW in year 2007

Annual Installed Capacity of PV

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

MW

p

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

EU Global

Information from EIPA

PV vs. WP

(Information from AWEA website)Installed Cost

(US$/W)

Electricity Cost

(US$/kWh)

Payback Yrs

Potential Cost Yr

2010(US$/W)

Typical Installation

Site

Current Global

Market Size (US$ billions)

LWT 0.9~1 0.035 Remote Area

10

PV 6~8 0.61 25 3.0 Suburban 11SWT 4~5 0 22 15 1 5 Rural 0.15

• Power cost of SWT is 20 times more than LWT and 60% more than SWT; but PV market is larger.

• SWT market is only 1% around of PV • SWT is confined to use in rural area which market is small.

Why?

Centralized Power Concept• Power plant of billions watts power

generator operated by professional team.• Supply power through grid network which

is huge infrastructure investment• Nuclear and gas power plants are

traditional examples. LWT is the representative example of clean energy.

Distributed Power Concept• Small scale power generator for self power supply and operated by amateur

people.• Power generator should get close to the user so as to reduce the power loss

during power transportation.• Diesel generator is an example of traditional power. PV and SWT are the

choices of clean energies.

Grid-tied wind power Stand alone wind power

Distributed Power Trend Of PVDistributed power has contributed more than 95% among

PV applications

Global Cumulative Installed PV

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

MW

Off Grid Grid-tied Distributed Grid-tied CentralizedInformation from EIPA

SWT Merits: Low cost of WP + Distributed Power of PV2000kW

LWT: Centralized Power Plant

Low CostSWT: Middle Cost, Middle Scale, Distribution Power High Cost

Small ScalePV: Distributed

Power

大型化趨勢

Large Scale

Diesel Generator

1kW

Small Scale

Target Market Of SWT:1kW~100kW

The Studies Of Traditional SWT Problems

&The Appropriated Solutions

Of Hi-VAWT

SWT Market Is Small Because Of HASWT

Design Fails to Fit SWT Distributed

Power Application

• Geographic Turbulence Problem

•Noise Nuisance

Turbulence Area

Wind

DownwindUpwind

HASWT Design Fails To Handle Geographic Turbulence Problem Of SWT

Application

It is 45 (dB) even the HAWT is 300 meters away

Noisy Nuisance Of HASWT Makes It Unacceptable for Suburban Installation

Europe applied 45dB noise standard started Jan. 2009; USA & Canada will follow soon. Conventional HASWT is unable to fit the requirement

45dB Noise Limit For SWT Is Becoming International Standard

HALWT vs.

HASWT

Wind Direction Problem:• LWT is using anemometer to assure wind direction has been change and drive

servo motor to rotate wind turbine toward the correct wind direction. LWT is not sensitive to the random wind direction change.

• SWT designed with tail which expected to trace wind direction directly; but it results that SWT has been too much sensitive to the random wind direction change.

Noise Problem:• LWT is operating at rated 12~20 rpm; the noise is acceptable.• SWT is operation at rated 500~1,200 rpm; the comparatively high rotor speed

results in very high noise.

Technical Challenge of VASWT--Low Wind Self-start + High Power EfficiencyCritical Parts

Design Challenge

Competition Solution

Potential Problem

Rotor Low wind Self-start

Clutch Expensive Design

Generator Extreme low start up torque

Motoring Waste Energy

Conventional Solution for self-start

Failure Of Motoring Start In JapanNews Source : InterNet Daily News -

Mainichi Daily Newspaper, February 3rd, 2006

Citizen Group Requests An Audit for “Unmoving” Wind TurbineSwaying “Dream Project” – Ibaraki PrefectureFor the Tsukuba-City’s “Mahoroba Project”, which plans to install totally 75 units of small typed wind power turbines in 52 elementary and junior high schools in the city within 3years from the year 2004, city group members stood up for making an audit request against the Mayor Kenichi Ichihara calling for a reimbursement of the project expense of pprox. 300million yen for the reason that such the sufficient power generation as expected in the target will be hardly achieved. “Dream project” which is said to have two ideal aspects of environmental education and reduction of electricity consumption is now widely swaying around.

After the investigation by the city group, however, total generation while the turbines operated from July to November last year was only 103kWh, which is only 0.002% of the planned 60,000kWh.

Shinko Electric Co., Ltd.

E&E Co., Ltd.

Self-start Problem Of European VASWTsQuietrevolution/UK needs 4.5m/s wind speed to start

Ropatec/Italy changed design entirely in year 2007

Turby/Hol. Has been unable to cmmercial the design because of self-start problem

North American VASWTs Have

The Same Problem

Low Power Efficient Designs

Clean Field/Canada using motoring start

SWT Market Is Expecting A Real Solution

• HASWTs:are going to face noise problem regulated by SWT Standard

• Competition VASWTs:are facing either self-start problem or low power efficiency problem

Hi-VAWT Is Designed To Fit SWT Application

Hi-VAWT Solution• Excellent Wind

Direction Adaptability: fit to install at urban area such as roof of mansion.

• Comparative Silent: no noisy problem.

Darrieus Blades

Savonius Blades

Low wind self-start

High efficiency

Genuine Self-start of Hi-Energy VAWTHybrid Blades Design of Rotor:

Low Wind Startup + High Wind Efficiency

Self start at ≦3m/s wind speed

Appropriated Hi-Energy PMG-for genuine low wind self-start

Hi-Energy Coreless/Direct Drive PMG

Traditional PMG needs motoring start

or high wind start

Global SWT MarketIs Going To Takeoff Right Now

WP Target OF EU4% In Year 2008 To 30% by Year 2030

EU Regulated 20% of the residential power should use renewable energies by year 2020; both SWT and PV are encouraged.

How can we get away from petroleum energy?

SWT Market in UK Has Grows in Average 2~3 Times Annually

BWEA forecast 60 millions British pounds by year 2009

‧ Starting Feb. 2009, USA Federal government offers 30% tax rebateincentive for SWT. The incentive program of SWT is same as PV.

‧ USA SWT market grew by 73% in year 2008 and market sale was US$77 millions; AWEA forecasts USA SWT market will become 20 times bigger by year 2013 or US$16 billions annual sale.

‧ SWT standard including noise regulation will be published in late June 2009 and effective to apply in year 2012.

USA Market Grows Strongly

Japan SWT Market Research Done By Yano Economic Research Report In Year 2005

SWT Japan Market Survey SummarizationSWT Japan Market Survey SummarizationVASWT Will Replace HASWT

(Quantity unit: sets; Amount Unit: million Japanese Yen)Year 2001 2005 2008

Quantity Amount Quantity Amount Quantity Amount<500W 1961 953 5320 2859 10694 9775500W~1kW 168 150 436 495 309 5321kW~20kW 95 381 701 1216 2801 4020Total 2224 1484 6459 4606 13804 14327HASWT 2081 1112 5121 2637 9041 4909VASWT 49 78 900 1291 3463 6876

• Total Market: Average annual market growth is 40%• Design: VASWT sale was only 7% of HASWT in year 2001;but VASWT sale will exceed 40% of HASWT by year 2008

• Unit Price: VASWT is 3.67 times of HASWT

Hi-VAWT Applications

Hi-Energy VAWT Product General Specifications

Product 300W 1.5kW 3kW 5kW 10kW

Dimension (m)

A 1.24 2.8 4.0 5.5 7.0B 1.0 3.2 4.5 6.2 7.7

Generator Direct Drive, Coreless PMG, Out rotor type

Converter/Inverter

Stand alone battery storage system

Dynamic grid connected system

Cut in WS <3m/s Cut out WS 15m/sRated WS 12m/s Survival WS 60m/sBlack is commercial available; Blue is to be available in year 2008

Hybrid Street Lamp System

300W(WP)+85W(PV)+LED

2008/04 , TSMC, Taiwan

Hybrid Street Lamp System300W(WP)+85W(PV)+LED lamp

2009/9, Kunsan City2009/9, Kunsan City , China, China

DS300 For Fishing Boat2009/4, Wen-Zhou, China

Battery banks

International Funds

0.465Total Daily Power Requirement

0.0755151Radio

0.284701TV

0.115112LED Lamp

Daily (kWh)

Time (hr)

Pwr (W)

Q＇ty(Set)

Loading

China Village Lighting Program Power Breakdown

DS300 For Off-grid Families

300W(WP)+200W(PV) in Gan300W(WP)+200W(PV) in Gan‐‐Su ChinaSu China

Off-grid Farmer

Ventilation Fan WP Recovery

LCD Manufacturer, AUI, Taiwan

400W Gird-tied Wind Power Recovery System

DS1500/DS3000 Roof Installation

2008/11, Taiwan

2008/12, Hong Kong

DS1500 High Building Installation 2009/2, Japan

DS3000 For Isolated Island2007/11, Green Island Taiwan

1.5kW(WP)+1.5kW(PV)

Telecom Station

2009/4 SKT Korea2009/4 SKT Korea

300W(WP)+200W(PV)

300W(WP)+85W(PV)Monitoring System

2009/2 Incheon Water Supply Corp., Korea2009/2 Incheon Water Supply Corp., Korea

DS3000 For Residential Power2008/10, Samsung Construction Korea

DS3000 For Resorting Hotel

2008/4, India

Sightseeing Village

2009/2, Parking Lot, Taiwan 2008/10, Highway, Taiwan

2009/7, GermanyAdvertising Board

2009/9, Boston USADS3000 Grid-tied in School

DS3000 Grid-tied in Factory 2009/6, Dallas USA

Product Roadmap

DS300

DS1500

DS3000

Battery

Grid-tied

Hybrid Street Lamp

Ventilation Fan Recovery

LED Light Advertising

System

Power Supply For Tele-communication

Station

DH5K

DH10K

DH1K Light weight DIY Turbine

Community Applications

UL and VDE

Patent Status

Patent Item Patent type TWN China Japan

Wind Rotor (1) New Style D115854

Wind Rotor (2) New Style D115855

Clutch New Type M288334

Optimum Ratio Between Savonius & Darrieus Blades

Invention 94137850

Double Axis Structure VAWT New Type M310950 200620160785.X

特願2006-266733

Appropriate Generator New Type M312834

Out-rotor Generator New Type 96210000

Special Dumper New Type Applying Applying

Power Factor Control New Type Applying Applying

• Green color for patented items; black color for patent pending items• Patent pending since April 2008 in USA, Germany, UK, India and Korea

Thank You

For The Attention