hfo refrigerants & other solutions for a changing industry · hfo refrigerants & other...
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HFO Refrigerants & Other Solutions for a
Changing Industry
April 5, 2018
Rick WentlingNA Market Development Manager Opteon™ Stationary Refrigerants
Lainey LiottaNA Market Development ManagerOpteon™ Mobile Refrigerants
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“The human brain starts working the moment you are born and never stops until you stand
up to speak in public.”
– George Jessel (Actor/Comedian)
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Session Agenda
3
1. Chemours History2. Regulatory Background & Market Drivers3. The Future of Refrigerants
• Industrial Gases• HFOs
4. Refrigerant Flammability 1015. Preparing for the Future
• Refrigeration• Air Conditioning
6. Protecting your Future7. Educational Resources Overview8. Questions
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The Chemours Story
4
DuPont co-invents fluorine-based
refrigerants (CFCs)
1930
Commercial Sales of Hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs) begin
~1990
DuPont commercializes Low GWP Hydroflouro-olefin (HFOs)
2015DuPont spins off its
Performance Chemicals business, creating
Chemours (NYSE: CC)
2011 2016Chemours breaks ground on
world’s largest HFO manufacturing facility
2017Chemours named a 2017 Fortune 500
Company
An
ExcitingFuture…
2018Announced investment in
new World-Class Innovation Center for R&D
History is restored through Freon™
S
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Session Agenda
5
1. Chemours History2. Regulatory Background & Market Drivers3. The Future of Refrigerants
• Industrial Gases• HFOs
4. Refrigerant Flammability 1015. Preparing for the Future
• Refrigeration• Air Conditioning
6. Protecting your Future7. Educational Resources Overview8. Questions
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Refrigerant Profiles are Changing
6
Phase OUT due to “Ozone Depletion Potential” (ODP).EPA Final Rule – R-22 Consumption Allowances.
30% Less than 2017
R-22 Phase Out – Final 2 Years
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
62 52 22 18 13 9 4
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HFC Regulations – US EPA SNAP Program
7
This is a summary of the most commonly used refrigerants. Please consult EPA.gov/SNAP for a full l ist of unacceptable products .
* - EPA SNAP Rule 20** - EPA SNAP Rule 21
July 2016R- 404A/507
Cannot be used to retrofitthe following equipment:• Racks• Condensing Units*• Stand Alone Equip.*• Vending Machines*
2018
R- 404A/507
Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Condensing Units*
2020
R- 404A/507, 134a, 407A/C/F, 410A
Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Stand Alone (LT)*• Stand Alone
(MT >2200 Btu/hr.)*
2023
R- 404A/507, 407A, 410A
Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Cold Storage
Warehouses**
2024
R- 134a, 404A/507,407C, 410A
Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Centrifugal Chillers**• Positive Displacement
Chillers**
2017
R- 404A/507
Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Racks*
2019
R- 404A/507,134a,407A/C/F, 410A
Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Stand Alone
(MT <2200 Btu/hr.)*• Vending Machines*
2021R- 404A/507, 407A/C/F,
Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Refrigerated food
processing / dispensing**• Household Refrigerators
& Freezers**
SNAP Rule 20 Vacated in January 2018
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Kigali Amendment to Montreal ProtocolOct. 2016
8
HFC Phase-down(CO2 equivalent)Not a Phase-Out
Takes effect 2019>20 member countries ratified
Businesses should start planning now for alow-GWP future
Kigali has created a framework for regulatory bodies to address global warming
100%
2018 2047
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Other Key RegulationsEnvironment & Climate Change Canada
9
90
60
3020
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2019 2024 2029 2034 2036
& v
s. B
asel
ine
Year
Canada HFC Phasedown
Baseline is determined from the average imports of HFCs plus 15% of HCFCs in 2011, 2012, and 2013.
ODSHAR Amendment• Effective April 16, 2018• Overall CO2-based cap & phase-
down, in addition to GWP limits by select applications
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Other Key RegulationsCalifornia Air Resources Board
10
Stationary Refrigerant limits in 2021 –New Systems (Proposed)
GWP Limit
Commercial Refrigeration containing >50lb 150
Commercial Refrigeration containing 20-50lb 1,500
New Chillers (AC & Refrigeration) 150
AC systems containing >2lb 750
Proposed Service Restrictions (Year)
GWP Limit
2020 2,500
2024 1,500
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Ready or Not….
11
http://r744.com/articles/8129/senators_introduce_bill_giving_epa_power_over_hfcs?utm_source=mailchimp&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Bi-weekly%20Newsletter
http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/374292-senate-bill-would-let-epa-implement-global-greenhouse-gas-deal
https://insideepa.com/daily-feed/california-senate-bill-adopts-strict-obama-epa-hfc-rules
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Session Agenda
12
1. Chemours History2. Regulatory Background & Market Drivers3. The Future of Refrigerants
• Industrial Gases• HFOs
4. Refrigerant Flammability 1015. Preparing for the Future
• Refrigeration• Air Conditioning
6. Protecting your Future7. Educational Resources Overview8. Questions
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Evolution of Refrigerant Technology
13
+ HFOs and HFO Blends
(R-1234yf, 1234ze, R-449A, 513A, etc.)
No ChlorineDouble Bond
Industrial Chemicals
(CO2, Hydrocarbons, Ammonia)
TODAY & TOMORROW
No ODPVery Low GWP
Industrial Chemicals(Methyl Chloride,
Ammonia, CO2, etc.)
1800s–1920s 1990s
HFCs(R-134a)
No ChlorineSingle Bond
No ODPHigh GWP
1950s
HCFCs(R-22)
Less ChlorineSingle Bond
Lower ODPHigh GWP
1930s
CFCs(R-12)
ChlorineSingle Bond
High ODPHighest GWP
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Industrial Gases as Refrigerants
April 5, 2018 14
• Not new, some of the earliest refrigerants
• Used currently where they make sense (safety and efficiency concerns)
• Rebranding as “natural” products, but:
− The so-called “natural” refrigerants are actually industrial gases produced in large chemical processing facilities
− These facilities use energy to create or isolate, purify CO2, hydrocarbons and ammonia
− They also use feedstocks and generate wastes similar to other chemical manufacturing processes
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Hydrocarbon Manufacturing – Example: Propane (R-290)
April 5, 2018 15
• Hydrocarbons are produced in an oil refinery or natural gas processing plant
• Many process steps to produce high purity refrigerants such as propane:
Natural Gas Process Steps
Start
Finish
Example Processing steps:▪ Condensate and water removal▪ Acid gas removal▪ Dehydration▪ Mercury removal▪ Nitrogen removal▪ Natural gas liquid recovery▪ Fractionation ▪ Sweetening purification units
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural-gas_processing
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Ammonia Manufacturing (R-717)
April 5, 2018 16
• Ammonia is primarily produced by reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen
• However, there are several steps preceding this, starting with natural gas feedstock:
Ammonia Plant
1. Sulfur removal from natural gas feedstock:
H2 + RSH → RH + H2S (gas)
2. Hydrogen sulfide absorption through beds of zinc oxide:
H2S + ZnO → ZnS + H2O
3. Catalytic steam reforming to form hydrogen plus carbon monoxide:CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2
4. Catalytic shift conversion to carbon dioxide and more hydrogen:CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
5. Carbon dioxide is then removed by absorption.
6. Catalytic methanation to remove small amounts of CO and CO2CO + 3H2 → CH4 + H2O
CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 +2H2O
7. Hydrogen is then catalytically reacted with nitrogen to form anhydrous liquid ammonia, and purified
3H2 + N2 → 2NH3
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_production
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CO2 (R-744) Manufacturing
April 5, 2018 17
CO2 is primarily produced by:• Combustion of fossil fuel (e.g. coal, oil, gas)• Separation of the CO2 from the combustion product stream (e.g. flue gas)• Several purification steps
CO2 separation and purification from power plant flue gas CO2 Production Options
CO2 Distillation from Air is Highly Inefficient
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What is “Natural”?
April 5, 2018 18
ADJECTIVE1. existing in or caused by nature; not made or caused by humankind:
"carrots contain a natural antiseptic that fights bacteria"
2. of or in agreement with the character or makeup of, or circumstances surrounding, someone or something:
"sharks have no natural enemies"
3. (of a parent or child) related by blood:"such adopted children always knew who their natural parents were"
Naturaladjective nat·u·ral \ˈna-chə-rəl, ˈnach-rəl\
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What is “Natural”?
April 5, 2018 19
“Natural” – Not a scientific or engineering term• Not something that can be measured, tested
− i.e. US FDA – no real definition• Controversial usage in advertising/marketing hype
− “All-natural”, “Natural”− Foods, supplements, cosmetics, cleaners, disinfectants, etc.
“Occurring in Nature” is a low and not very useful criteria:
Water, Helium, Air, Carbon DioxideSulfur Dioxide, Ammonia, Natural Gas, Methylene ChlorideLead, Arsenic, MercuryStrychnine, Anthrax, Botulinum
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Fluids in Refrigeration Systems Should Be Based On….
April 5, 2018 20
• Measurable data and objective chemical, physical, thermodynamic and environmental properties
• Standard and reproducible engineering principles, measurements and testing
For Example:− Boiling Point− Vapor Pressure− Heat Capacity− Ozone Depletion Potential− Atmospheric Lifetime
Not on ill or undefined, marketing hype or political buzz words, i.e. Natural
− Global Warming Potential− Toxicity (Acute, Chronic, etc.)− Flammability (LFL, UFL, Burning Velocity)− Heat of Combustion)− Energy Efficiency
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Session Agenda
21
1. Chemours History2. Regulatory Background & Market Drivers3. The Future of Refrigerants
• Industrial Gases• HFOs
4. Refrigerant Flammability 1015. Preparing for the Future
• Refrigeration• Air Conditioning
6. Protecting your Future7. Educational Resources Overview8. Questions
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“Technology is anything invented after you were born, everything else is just stuff.”
– Alan Kay – Noted Computer Scientist (Apple, Disney, HP)
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Evolution of Refrigerant Technology
23
Selection of Refrigerants for the Future Will Need to Balance Performance
(Capacity and Efficiency), Safety and Sustainability, and Total Cost of System Ownership
+ HFOs and HFO Blends
(R-1234yf, 1234ze, R-449A, 513A, etc.)
No ChlorineDouble Bond
Industrial Chemicals
(CO2, Hydrocarbons, Ammonia)
TODAY & TOMORROW
No ODPVery Low GWP
Industrial Chemicals(Methyl Chloride,
Ammonia, CO2, etc.)
1800s–1920s 1990s
HFCs(R-134a)
No ChlorineSingle Bond
No ODPHigh GWP
1950s
HCFCs(R-22)
Less ChlorineSingle Bond
Lower ODPHigh GWP
1930s
CFCs(R-12)
ChlorineSingle Bond
High ODPHighest GWP
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What is Global Warming Potential?
April 5, 2018 24
Global Warming Potential (GWP)The potential for a gas to trap heat
in the atmosphere, resulting in climate change.
Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)The potential for substances to reduce the amount of ozone in the atmosphere which blocks harmful radiation from the sun.
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What is Global Warming Potential?
• It compares the amount of heat trapped by a certain mass of the gas in question to the amount of heat trapped by a similar mass of carbon dioxide.
• Depends on:
– the absorption of infrared radiation by a given species
– the spectral location of its absorbing wavelengths
– The atmospheric lifetime of the species
April 5, 2018 25
Atmospheric Life → rates of destruction reactions ( hydroxyl radical )
Huge Variation between different molecules
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What is Global Warming Potential
April 5, 2018 26
Molecule Structure Atmospheric Lifetime
GWP
PFC-116 CF3-CF3 No hydrogen
HFC-134a CH2F-CF3 2-H atoms
HFO-1234yf CH2=CF-CF3 “Olefin”
10,000 years 11,100
13 years 1300
11 days < 1
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How HFO’s Work
April 5, 2018 27
HFC
Hydro fluorocarbon
HFC
Hydro fluoro olefin
HFC-134a HFO-1234yf
13 Years 11 DaysAtmospheric Life
1300 < 1GWP
Double bond in HFOs Quicker breakdown in the
atmosphere, yet stable in systems
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R-1234yf … Just Like R-134a
April 5, 2018 28
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
134a
1234yf
Pre
ssu
re, M
Pa
Temperature, oC
R-134a HFO-1234yf
Formula CH2FCF3 CF3CF=CH2
Molecular Weight 102 114
ODP 0 0
GWP100 (AR5) 1300 <1
T Critical Point 102 ºC 95ºC
Boiling Point -26ºC -29ºC
• Same Operating Conditions as 134a (similar P/T curve)• Capacity & Efficiency similar to HFC-134a
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Teaching Tool for Educators
April 5, 2018 29
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Teaching Tool for Educators – HFO Explainer Videos
April 5, 2018 30
Search for:
“Getting to know Opteon™”
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Session Agenda
31
1. Chemours History2. Regulatory Background & Market Drivers3. The Future of Refrigerants
• Industrial Gases• HFOs
4. Refrigerant Flammability Classifications 1015. Preparing for the Future
• Refrigeration• Air Conditioning
6. Protecting your Future7. Educational Resources Overview8. Questions
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Refrigerant Flammability Classifications
April 5, 2018 32
Highly Flammable
Non-Flammable
Moderately Flammable
Mildly Flammable
Flammability
Classification Examples:
Propane, Isobutane
R-152a
R-134a, R-410A1
2
3
To meet 2L flammability, burning velocity must be ≤ 10 cm/s
2L R-1234yf, R-452B
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Flammability Parameters
April 5, 2018 33
• Lower / Upper Flammability Limits (LFL / UFL)– Minimum / Maximum concentrations of a substance in air that exhibit flame
propagation (usually shown as volume % in air).
• Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE)– Minimum energy required to ignite a flammable
gas / air mixture. Sources with energy levels below this value will not result in an ignition.
• Burning Velocity (BV)– The velocity of a laminar flame under given values of composition, temperature
and pressure.
• Heat Of Combustion (HOC)– Heat per unit mass (or mole) released by the combustion of a substance.
Parameter Risk Trend
Lower LFL
Larger (UFL – LFL)
Lower MIE
Higher UFL
Higher HOC
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Flammability Data Comparison
April 5, 2018 34
R-290(Propane)
R-152aR-717
(Ammonia)R-1234yf
Safety Rating A3 A2 B2L A2L
LFL (vol. %) 2.2 3.9 15.0 6.2
UFL (vol. %) 10.0 16.9 28.0 12.3
UFL – LFL (vol. %) 7.8 13.0 13.0 6.1
MIE (mJ) 0.25 0.38 100 - 300 > 5,000
BV (cm/s) 46 23 7.2 1.5
HOC (kJ/g) 46.3 16.5 18.6 10.7
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“Technology changes very fast, but people change very slowly.”
– Paul Adams – Global Head of Brand Design - Facebook
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Codes & Standards
April 5, 2018 36
• Standards updates required to address flammable refrigerant needs
• Code updates also required
– UMC, IMC, IRC, NFPA
• EPA activities
– SNAP
• Industry activities supporting flammable refrigerants
– Joint ASHRAE-AHRI-DOE research
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Working Safely will Change
April 5, 2018 37
• Identification
• Controlling charge size / room area
• Eliminating ignition sources
• Leak detection
• Mitigation strategies
• Best work practices
• Education & training
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Working Safely will Change
April 5, 2018 38
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Session Agenda
39
1. Chemours History2. Regulatory Background & Market Drivers3. The Future of Refrigerants
• Industrial Gases• HFOs
4. Refrigerant Flammability 1015. Preparing for the Future
• Refrigeration• Air Conditioning
6. Protecting your Future7. Educational Resources Overview8. Questions
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When the winds of change blow, some people build walls and others build windmills.
– Chinese Proverb
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Opteon Low GWP HFO Products for Refrigeration
April 5, 2018 41
Incumbent Gas
XP SeriesNon-Flammable Replacement
XL SeriesMildly Flammable Replacement
Not Yet Commercialfor Stationary in US
XP40(R-449A)
GWP: 1282
XL20(R-454C)
GWP: 146
R-22(HCFC)
GWP: 1760
XP40(R-449A)
GWP: 1282
XP44(R-452A)
GWP: 1945
XL40(R-454A)GWP: 237
XL20(R-454C)
GWP: 146
R-404A/507(HFC)
GWP: 3943
XP10(R-513A)GWP: 573
XL10(R-1234yf)GWP: <1
R-134a(HFC)
GWP: 1300
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Meeting Regulatory Goals with an Optimal Balance of Performance and Sustainability
April 5, 2018 42
Meets regulatory requirementsNon-ozone depleting
SNAP listed; 67% lower GWP vs. R-404A/507
✓
Reduces energy consumptionUp to 12% energy savings
✓
Extends life of existing equipmentCompatible with installed base
✓
Commercially available & OEM Approved• Emerson (Copeland), Bitzer, Tecumseh, Danfoss Approved• Thousands of supermarkets & commercial refrigeration
systems already using R-449A globally
✓
Optimal Balance of Properties
Non-flammable, Non-toxic (A1)✓
ASHRAE #: R-449ABlend Components: R-1234yf/134a/125/32 Blend Composition: 25.3/25.7/24.7/24.3
Replaces R-22 & R-404A
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Solutions
April 5, 2018 45
Replaces R-22 & R-404A
Opteon™ XP40(R-449A)
Opteon™ XP10(R-513A)
Opteon™ XP44(R-452A)
Replaces R-134A Replaces R-404A
• GWP of 1282• Matches R-22 & R-404A
performance• Non-flammable• Widely adopted• Works in existing equipment.• Approved by major
equipment/component manufacturers
• GWP of 573
o 56% lower than R-134a
• Matches R-134a performance• Non-flammable• Works in existing equipment• Approved by major
equipment/component manufacturers
• Increasing popularity for including in CO2 cascade designs
• GWP of 1945
o 45% lower than R-404A
• Matches R-404A properties• Non-flammable• Works in existing equipment• Approved by major
equipment/component manufacturers• Approved in Remote Condensing
Equipment & Transport
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Low GWP Solutions for Chillers
46
Chiller Type
CurrentRefrigerant
Applicable Regulations for the United States
Non-Flammable Replacement
(ASHRAE Class 1)
Mildly Flammable Replacement
(ASHRAE Class 2L)
High Pressure
R-410A(HFC)
Medium Pressure
R-134a (HFC)
Low Pressure
R-123 (HCFC)
US EPA SNAP Change of Status, Effective 1/2024
Use of R-410A in NewChillers is unacceptable
Opteon™ XL55 (R-452B)
Opteon™ XL41 (R-454B)
US EPA SNAP Change of Status, Effective 1/2024
Use of R-134a in NewChillers is unacceptable
Opteon™ XL10 (R-1234yf)
Opteon™ XP10 (R-513A)
US Clean Air Act (605):No New R-123 equipment,
Effective 1/2020
No production or import of R-123, Effective 1/2030
Opteon™ XP30 (R-514A)
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What About Air Conditioning?
47
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R-22 is Still Driving AC
48
30% Less than 2017
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
62 52 22 18 13 9 4
OnlyTWO ZERO.cooling seasons remain before R-22 consumption allowances reach
R-22 Phase Out
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R-22 in Air Conditioning – Refrigerant Management
April 5, 2018 4949
Recovered R-22
Use recovered R-22 to service other equipment
Return to Wholesalerrefrigerant reclaim center to
get value ($) for R-22
Reclaim
Replace
Retrofit
Recycle
System 1
R-22
R-22 R-22 R-22
R-22 R-22 R-22
System 2 System 3 System 4
System 5 System 6 System 7
System 1
Freon™MO99
New System
R-410A
System 1
R-407COR
POE Oil ChangeMO/AB/POE Compatible
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50
Freon™ MO99 (R-438A)
Closest performance match of all R-22 “No Oil Change” alternatives✓
Compatible with MO, AB, & POE lubricants
✓ Non-flammable, low toxicity (A1)
✓Extends life of existing equipment & minimizes component changes
✓ SNAP listed & UL approved
✓ Field proven, trusted quality for 10+ years
~93% capacity match & comparable energy efficiency
Pressures & mass flow close match to R-22Compatible with installed baseOnly replace the Schrader valve caps and cores in most applications
✓
ASHRAE #:R-438A
Blend Components:R-32/125/134a/600/601a
The first “no oil change” versatile R-22 retrofit refrigerant
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R-22 Retrofit Considerations
51
There is NO such thing as a “drop in” refrigerant.
It is a recommended good practice to always change filter driers and
critical elastomeric seals.
No other refrigerant provides exactlythe same cooling, efficiency, durability, and other performance factors as the original refrigerant, with no changes to the existing equipment.
Why?
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Oil Management Considerations
52
“No oil change” solutions can be used very effectively in most Residential A/C, Commercial A/C and Refrigeration systems.
The following considerations are true for ANY “No Oil Change” Product:
System Guidance
More complex systems with potential for challenging oil return
• Long pipe runs and/or poor line velocity design• Liquid receivers but no oil separator present
~20% POE addition
Trane™ 3-D™ Scroll / Danfoss SM ScrollReplace Oil in Compressor
Sump with POE
Screw compressorsDetailed system evaluation
recommended
Note:
Use of any 400-series retrofit blend is not recommended in systems with flooded evaporators
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Beyond 410A….
53
• Refrigerant selection will vary by application depending on:– Price Sensitivity
– Self contained vs. split equipment design
– Codes/Standards & allowable charge size limits
– Energy Efficiency Targets
• GWP vs. Flammability trade-offs– Lowest GWP fluids will be A2L / A3
• Industry is working together to establish appropriate codes & standards to implement new technology
Equipment TypeCharge Size (lb)
Window / Portable AC
< 1
Residential Ductless Split
< 2
Residential Ducted Split
< 10
Commercial UnitaryRooftop
50+
Commercial multi-split
(VRF)50+
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Session Agenda
54
1. Chemours History2. Regulatory Background & Market Drivers3. The Future of Refrigerants
• Industrial Gases• HFOs
4. Refrigerant Flammability 1015. Preparing for the Future
• Refrigeration• Air Conditioning
6. Protecting your Future7. Educational Resources Overview8. Questions
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Quality is the best business plan.
– John Lasseter, CEO of PIXAR
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Not All Refrigerants are Created Equal
Protect yourself against counterfeit & un-approved products!
Check the EPA website to make sure the product you’re buying is SNAP listed!
April 5, 2018 56
Products that have not undergone the industry standard safety classifications process or a detailed safety review by the EPA can pose a significant financial and safety risk to
contractors and equipment owners.
it is illegal to sell refrigerants into the United States market that are not SNAP listed for the specified end-use application.
Flammability Concerns
Toxicity/Health
Concerns
Limited Tech Support
Legality Concerns
https://www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-residential-and-light-commercial-air-conditioning-and-heat-pumps
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Uncontrolled variation is the enemy of quality.– Edward Deming, Basic Statistical Tools for Improving Quality
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ANSI/ASHRAE Safety Classification Process
April 5, 2018 58
Composition Tolerances of Blend
Toxicity
Flammability
Boiling pointMolar mass
Vapor pressure at 20C
NOAEL/LOELLC50-Lethal Concentration
CNS – Central nervous system effectsCardiac sensitization
Occupational exposure limit
Flame propagationBurn velocity
Worst case flammability formulaLeak scenarios - fractionation
Products that have not undergone the industry standard safety classifications process or a detailed safety review by the EPA can pose a significant financial and safety risk to
contractors and equipment owners.
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Session Agenda
59
1. Chemours History2. Regulatory Background & Market Drivers3. The Future of Refrigerants
• Industrial Gases• HFOs
4. Refrigerant Flammability 1015. Preparing for the Future
• Refrigeration• Air Conditioning
6. Protecting your Future7. Educational Resources Overview8. Questions
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Education is the passport to the future,for tomorrow belongs to those
who prepare for it today.
– Malcom X
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Free Educational Materials
61
Industry & OEM Support – Training, Product Info Technical Data/Literature PT, Enthalpy, Thermo, Conversion Guides, etc.
Field Technical Support Engineering Evaluations
Store Conversions
On-going Energy Analysis Interactive Technology
PT App
Refrigerant Expert Software
www.Opteon.com www.Freon.com
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Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Version 1.0
April 5, 2018 62
Our FREE software can help!
Designing or evaluating a system?
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Model Selection
April 5, 2018 63
Four different cycles can be selected 1) Single-stage compression 2) Single-stage compression with internal heat exchanger 3) Two-stage compression with a cascade 4) Single-stage heat pump cycle
Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Version 1.0
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Single Stage Compression Modeling
April 5, 2018 64
Select the refrigerant to be modeled
Ten Inputs: 1) Condenser Temp2) Evaporator Temp 3) Subcooling4) Superheat (Evaporator) 5) Superheat (Suction Line) 6) Theoret. Displacement 7) Refr. Capacity 8) Pressure Loss 9) Isentropic Efficiency 10) Volumetric Efficiency
Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Version 1.0
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Single Stage Compression Modeling Tips
April 5, 2018 65
• In modeling a blend (R-4XX refrigerant) there will be a difference between the input condenser and evaporator temperatures and the mean condenser and evaporator temperatures
• Due to temperature glide • For optimal capacity the evaporator temperature should be adjusted so the mean
evaporator temp is equal to the desired evaporator set point
• Capacity or theoretrical displacement needs to be defined to model mass flow
• For a retrofit scenario: fix theoretrical displacement as this can simulate using the same compressor with a new refrigerant
• For a new install scenario: fixed capacity as a system is generally designed to cool a defined load
Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Version 1.0
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Single Stage Compression Modeling
April 5, 2018 66
By selecting “Properties” the cycle calculations will pop up
Cycle Properties:
1a → After the evaporator 1 → Compressor Suction 2 → Compressor Discharge 3 → Liquid Line 4 → Evaporator inlet 1-2 → Enthalpy difference across evaporator at defined isentropic efficiency 1-2a → Enthalpy difference across evaporator assuming 100% isentropic efficiency
Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Version 1.0
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Single Stage Compression Modeling – Line Sizing
April 5, 2018 67
Line sizing calculations provide the following information for thesuction line, liquid line and discharge line:
1) Inside diameter 2) Velocity 3) Equivalent Length 4) Pressure drop 5) Total pressure drop
Any of the variables can be varied depending on the design condition
Chemours Refrigerant Expert can also do line sizing for a defined refrigerant and cycle
Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Version 1.0
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Teaching Tool for Educators
April 5, 2018 68
Search for:
“Chemours CRE Software”
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P/T Calc App
April 5, 2018 69
App icon for
DRIOD®,
iPhone® and
iPad®
All the information you need in the field, right on your mobile device!
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Interactive Guide to Global Regulations and Solutions
April 5, 2018 70
http://www.Chemours.com/RefrigerantGuide
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Washington Post 3-Part Series: HFOs & Cooling the Planet
April 5, 2018 71
Google Search: Chemours Washington Post
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Educational Videos
April 5, 2018 72
HFO/Opteon™ Explainer Videos
8 Simple Steps to Retrofit Freon™ MO99
Webinar: Regulations and Refrigerants
Opteon™ and Freon™ Products by Chemours
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General Replacement Guide
April 5, 2018 73
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Detailed Retrofit Guidelines
April 5, 2018 74
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“No Oil Change” Product Comparison Guide
April 5, 2018 75
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Technical Information
April 5, 2018 76
Thermodynamic & Transport Properties
P/T & P/E Data & Charts
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Case Histories
April 5, 2018 77
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White Papers
• Multi-Year Evaluation of R-449A as a Replacement for R-22 in Low Temperature and Medium Temperature Refrigeration Applications
• Testing of Low GWP Replacements for R-410A in Stationary Air Conditioning
• Hot Surface Ignition Testing of Low GWP 2L Refrigerants
• Testing of HFO Refrigerant with Less Than 150 GWP in a Commercial Freezer
• Combined Heat and Power From Low Temperature Heat: HFO-1336mzz(Z) as a Working Fluid for Organic Rankine
Google Search: Chemours Refrigerant White Papers
April 5, 2018 78
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Other Guides
April 5, 2018 79
Lubricant Selection Guide
Pressure-Temperature Guides
Piping Guide (410A)
Refrigerants in Chillers Guide
Very Low-Temperature Guide
Leak Detector Guide
Product Bulletins
& More!
Freon.comOpteon.com
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Direct Links to Educational Materials – Freon™ & Opteon™
80
All Opteon™ Low GWP Refrigerant Literature(Bulletins, Case Studies, Thermodynamic Properties, etc.)
https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/Opteon/Stationary_Refrigeration/literature/index.html
All Freon™ Refrigerant Literature(Bulletins, Case Studies, Thermodynamic Properties, etc.)
https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/literature.html
General Replacement Guide: US Refrigerantshttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/opteon-freon-general-replacement-guide.pdf
Opteon™ Low GWP Refrigerants Brochurehttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/Opteon/Stationary_Refrigeration/assets/downloads/Opteon-low-gwp-refrigerants.pdf
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Direct Links to Educational Materials – Digital Tools
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Interactive Guide to Global Refrigerants & Solutions http://www.Chemours.com/RefrigerantGuide
Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Softwarehttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/DUPREX/DUPREX.html
Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Software User Guidehttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/chemours-refrigerant-expert-tool-user-guidelines.pdf
Chemours P/T Mobile App(Apple & Android)
https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/uses_apps/PT_Calculator_app.html
Washington Post | Part 1Opteon™ Cooling the Planet
http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-connect/chemours/cooling-the-planet/
Washington Post Series | Part 2Opteon™ Cold Warriors
http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-connect/chemours/cold-warriors/
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Direct Links to Educational Materials – HFO/Opteon™ Videos
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What’s An HFO? |Opteon™ XP40 Explainer Video Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5Hx5tmMwws
Optimized Performance, Safety and Sustainability | Opteon™ XP40 Explainer Video Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEkC0y8fwQY&t=30s
HFOs in New Systems & Retrofits |Opteon™ XP40 Explainer Video Part 3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThbJKmWW8-w&t=24s
Regulations Webinar (September 2017)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwlxKkJxgMw&t=101s
Opteon™ Refrigerants: A Little More Love for the Cold Chainhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ld44qNammSQ
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Direct Links to Educational Materials – Freon™ MO99
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Freon™ MO99 Refrigerant FAQshttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/freon-mo99-frequently-asked-questions.pdf
Freon™ MO99 Residential Property Case Historyhttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Freon-MO99-case-history-florida-apartments.pdf
Freon™ MO99 Commercial Property Case Studyhttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Freon-MO99-case-history-hillside-centre.pdf
Freon™ MO99 Donnelly Mechanical Case Studyhttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Freon-MO99-case-history-donnelly.pdf
No Oil Change R-22 Replacement Comparisonhttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/no-oil-change-r22-replacements-for-ac.pdf
General Refrigerant Replacement Guidehttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/opteon-freon-general-replacement-guide.pdf
Quick Switch Pocket Retrofit Guidehttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Retrofit-R22-to-Freon-MO99-8-Basic-Steps.pdf
Convert to Freon™ MO99 in 8 Basic Steps Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0XY5Ls19ZI
Freon™ MO99 Refrigerant Detailed Retrofit Guidelineshttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/freon-m099-retrofit-guidelines.pdf
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Social Media
April 5, 2018 84
@refrigchemours ChemoursOpteon™ and
Freon™ Products by Chemours
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April 5, 2018
Visit us during the Expo at Booth 101!!
Thank you!