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Vitkalov | Heterogeneous Multicore Processors1
HETEROGENEOUS MULTICORE PROCESSORS
ALEXANDER VITKALOVENGRC 350 November 21,2005
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INTRODUCTION: BASIC CONCEPTS
FrequencyNumber of cycles per second. Higher frequency generally means higher performance.
PowerAmount of work done per second.Proportional to frequency.Depends on the number of transistors.
Moore’s LawPerformance of processors doubles every 18 months.
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INTRODUCTION: ADVANCED CONCEPTS
More on Moore.Some time in the next several years we get to some finite limits” – Gordon Moore, 1997Theoretical limit to be reached by 2017.
Current Options65nm > Increased costsUtilize parallelism HyperthreadingDual Core Processors
Moore's Law
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INTRODUCTION: ADVANCED CONCEPTS
Future OptionsMulticoreHeterogeneousProgrammableSystem on Chip
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PERFORMANCE COMPARISON
Dual Core is roughly 30% faster than single core.Operates at a lower frequency. Much lower power consumption per core.
Overall Performance
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AMD AthlonFX-57
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PERFORMANCE PER WATT COMPARISON
Performance advantages of high end are marginalDual Core outperforms Single CoreMobile architectures are still more efficient
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PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: COMPATIBILITY
Heterogeneous cores can provide different levels of compatibility between the processors. More efficient designs at no expense in backward compatibility.Slower cores backward compatible cores can be combined with faster ones.Cores with different instruction sets can be combined through programmable layer that translates one into another.
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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: COMPATIBILITY
RISC -Reduced Instruction Set Computer
Micro Instruction Set –Breaks RISC Instructions further into smaller pieces for faster processing
Translation Layer –Translates One Instruction Set into another.
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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: EFFICIENCY
Decreased Power Consumption
Low power processors are usually more efficient.Heterogeneous cores can provide balance between performance and power consumption.
Application Specific Instruction Sets
Higher efficiencyHigher performance
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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: FUNCTIONALITY
Application Specific Instruction SetsHigh performance cores Specialized Instruction Set for each core.Tailored for a specific application. High flexibility through software programmability.High performance at low power consumption.Multi-Media Applications.
Core SynthesisCombination of high performance and energy efficient cores. Select cores work for a specific application.Need a sophisticated communications bus.
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FEASIBILITY
90nmCurrent manufacturing processGood enough for dual core applications
65nmTakes over 90nm in 2006High initial costsLower cost per chip50% Smaller area More cores can be fit together on a die.
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WHY MULTICORE?
Performance Advantages10X FasterCan be tailored for specific applicationTruly parallel executionHigh performance mobile solutions
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WHY MULTICORE?
Power Advantages10X lower power consumptionEnables thinner faster and lighter laptopsHandtops – power of a computer on your palm24 hour battery lifeLower heat dissipation through decreased frequency.
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REFERENCES
Intel Corporation: www.intel.comAMD Corporation: www.amd.comTom’s Hardware Guide: www.tomshardware.comComputer Magazine: www.computer.orgSpecific References Available if Requested
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QUESTIONS?
ALEXANDER VITKALOVENGRC 350 November 21,2005
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THANK YOU.
ALEXANDER VITKALOVENGRC 350 November 21,2005