he#student#handbook# - bradford college · 2 authors in a recent study smith and jones ... 27 june,...

HE Student Handbook !"#$-‐!"

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Appendix 1 – Summary version of the guidelines on referencing in academic writing

Summary

Examples of referencing

Note that some of the examples listed are fictitious

Books

In-text example

(Line spacing not shown.)

Reference list example

Single author In a recent study Smith (1986, p.21) argued that children are literate by the age of three.

A recent study (Smith 1986, p.21) argued that children are literate by the age of three.

Children are thought to be

literate by the age of three (Smith 1986, p.21).

Smith, J. (1986) Issues in Child Development. London: Collins

2 authors In a recent study Smith and Jones (1986) argued that ...

Smith and Jones (1986, p.27) have argued that ...

Smith, P. and Jones, K. (1986) Psychology and the Law. Milton Keynes: Open University Press

3 or more authors In a recent study Harrison et al. (1986, p.54) argued that ...

In their influential work The History of British Education, Harrison et al. (1986) argued that a substantial minority of ...

Harrison, B., Legge, K. and Amey, L. (1986) The History of British Education. London: Routledge

Anonymous author This was apparently not the case before about 1995 (Anon. 1999, p.14)

Anon. (1999) ‘Fear over pay deal’, The Times Educational Supplement, 21 May, p.27


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Multiple works by same author

University research (Brown 1982, 1988) has indicated that ... Brown, P. (1982) Corals in the Mediterranean Sea. London: Collins

Brown, P. (1988) The effects of tourism on coral. London: Macmillan

Multiple works published in the same year by the same author

In recent reports (Napier 1993 a, 1 993b) ... Napier, A. (1993 a) Fatal storm. Sydney: Allen and Unwin

—— (1993b) Survival at sea. Sydney: Allen and Unwin

Order alphabetically by title

Article or chapter in a book with editor or editors

It has even been argued (Harrison 1989) that ... Harrison, B. (1989) Issues emerging from the study. In: Trafford, J. (ed.) Roles and Relationships in Teaching Practice. Sheffield: University of Sheffield Division of Education, pp.71-77

Different editions Cohen et al. (2000, pp.15-17) highlight key aspects of this kind of educational research ...

Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K. (2000) Research methods in education. 5th edition. London: RoutledgeFalmer


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Appendix 1 – Summary version of the guidelines on referencing in academic writing

Summary

Examples of referencing

Note that some of the examples listed are fictitious

Books

In-text example

(Line spacing not shown.)

Reference list example

Single author In a recent study Smith (1986, p.21) argued that children are literate by the age of three.

A recent study (Smith 1986, p.21) argued that children are literate by the age of three.

Children are thought to be

literate by the age of three (Smith 1986, p.21).

Smith, J. (1986) Issues in Child Development. London: Collins

2 authors In a recent study Smith and Jones (1986) argued that ...

Smith and Jones (1986, p.27) have argued that ...

Smith, P. and Jones, K. (1986) Psychology and the Law. Milton Keynes: Open University Press

3 or more authors In a recent study Harrison et al. (1986, p.54) argued that ...

In their influential work The History of British Education, Harrison et al. (1986) argued that a substantial minority of ...

Harrison, B., Legge, K. and Amey, L. (1986) The History of British Education. London: Routledge

Anonymous author This was apparently not the case before about 1995 (Anon. 1999, p.14)

Anon. (1999) ‘Fear over pay deal’, The Times Educational Supplement, 21 May, p.27


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Multiple works by same author

University research (Brown 1982, 1988) has indicated that ... Brown, P. (1982) Corals in the Mediterranean Sea. London: Collins

Brown, P. (1988) The effects of tourism on coral. London: Macmillan

Multiple works published in the same year by the same author

In recent reports (Napier 1993 a, 1 993b) ... Napier, A. (1993 a) Fatal storm. Sydney: Allen and Unwin

—— (1993b) Survival at sea. Sydney: Allen and Unwin

Order alphabetically by title

Article or chapter in a book with editor or editors

It has even been argued (Harrison 1989) that ... Harrison, B. (1989) Issues emerging from the study. In: Trafford, J. (ed.) Roles and Relationships in Teaching Practice. Sheffield: University of Sheffield Division of Education, pp.71-77

Different editions Cohen et al. (2000, pp.15-17) highlight key aspects of this kind of educational research ...



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Cited authors ...amounts to a “skills revolution” (CBI 1989, cited in Bluck et al. 1994, p.39).

Confederation of British Industry [CBI] (1989) Towards a skills revolution: a youth charter. London: Confederation of British Industry. Cited in: Bluck, R., Hilton, A. and Noon, P. (1994)

Information skills in academic libraries: a teaching and learning role in higher education. SEDA Paper 82. Birmingham: Staff and Educational Development Association, p.39

Print journals Article Bengtsson (1993, p.206) argues that ... Bengtsson, J. (1993) ‘Theory and Practice: two

fundamental categories in the philosophy of teacher education’, Educational Review, Vol.45, No.3, pp.205-211

Anonymous article It has been suggested (Anon. 2004, p.46) that ... Anon. (2004) ‘The development of teaching’, Journal of Teacher Development, Vol.6, No.3, pp.45-51

Newspaper article (Judd 1997, p.4) Judd, J. (1997) ‘Trainee teachers learn basics’, The Independent, 27 June, p.4


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Newspaper article – no author

... as reported in The Times (Anon. 2001, p.16)

... in The Times (22 January 2001) it was stated that ...

Anon. (2001) ‘Pay deal in trouble’, The Times, 22 January, p.16 or

The Times (2001) ‘Pay deal in trouble’, 22 January, p.16

Electronic CD-ROMs with no page numbers

Between 1986 and 1992, perhaps as many as 1650 cattle exported from the United Kingdom were affected by so-called ‘mad cow’ disease, according to calculations made by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Forster 1997, CD-ROM).

Forster, W. (1997) Statistical Summary. London: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food [CD- ROM]

Full text from an electronic

database

In their article Skargren and Oberg (1998) argue that ... Skargren, E.I. and Oberg, B. (1998) ‘Predictive factors for 1-year outcome of low back and neck pain in patients treated in primary care: Comparison between the treatment strategies chiropractic and physiotherapy’. Pain [Electronic], Vol.77, No.2, pp.201-208. Available: Elsevier/ScienceDirect/ 0304- 3959(98)00101-8 [8 February 1999]

Full text from an electronic

database – no author

The internet has had a huge impact on the Australian economy (Internet economics and policy 2002, p.350)

‘Internet economics and policy: an Australian perspective’ (2002) Economic Record [Electronic], Vol.78, No.242, pp.343-358. Available: ABI/Inform [5 May 2005]

CD-ROM – no author (Millies Maths House 1992) Millies Maths House (1992) [CD-ROM] Dublin: Iona Software Ltd.

Internet


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Document on WWW In his article, Young outlines the position taken by one such body (Young 2001, online).

Young, C. (2001) English Heritage position statement on the Valletta Convention. [Online]. Available:

http://www.archaeol.freeuk.com/EHPositionSta tement.htm [24 August 2006]

Document on

WWW – no article title and no author

(Curtin University of Technology 2004, online)

Use the name of the company or organisation and year, followed by online

Curtin University of Technology (2004) [Online]. Available: http://www.curtin.edu.au [8 May 2005]

Document on

WWW –

organisation named but no individual author(s) named and no date

(Edinburgh University n.d., online)

Use the name of the company or organisation and n.d., followed by online

Edinburgh University (n.d.) Edinburgh Castle. [Online]. Edinburgh University, Department of Geography. Available:

http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/tour/castle.html [16 March 1998]

Government publications

Acts of Parliament The National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 marked a turning point in the ...

Great Britain (1990) National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990. Chapter 19. London: HMSO


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Command Papers (e.g. White Papers and Green Papers)

The subsequent White Paper Choice and opportunity: primary care: the future (Department of Health 1996) set out the position ...

Department of Health (1996) Choice and opportunity: primary care: the future. Cm. 3390. London: Stationery Office

Other sources Personal communication, e-mail

It was confirmed that an outbreak occurred in London (Savieri 1999). Savieri, S. (1999) Personal communication, 24 April

Films and video recordings

(Macbeth 1984) Macbeth (1984) Film. Directed by Orson Welles. USA: Republic Pictures

Birds in the Garden (1998) Video. London: Harper Videos


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Reference lists

A list of the sources to which you have referred in the text should always be included at the back of your assignment, before any appendices or additional material.

You must reference all direct quotations, when you copy another author’s material word-for-word, and you must reference ideas which have been paraphrased from another author’s work, that is when you take their ideas and put them into your own words. This also includes tables and illustrations taken from the work of others.

The list of references should be in alphabetical order using the author’s surname or, in cases where there is no named author(s), the other relevant and appropriate details. Do not separate books, journal articles, and electronic sources into separate groups of lists. An example of a reference list is provided; you should follow the punctuation and presentation as shown.

The line spacing of a reference list is single spacing, with a single blank line between each reference. Note too that the second and subsequent lines of each reference are indented on the left-hand margin, using the ‘hanging indent’ format.

Example of reference list

Barnes, R. (1995) Successful study for degrees. 2nd edition. London: Routledge

Blair, A. (1997) Interview. In: Six O’clock News. TV, BBC1. 1997 February 28. 1 823hrs.

Brock, A. (1999) Into the enchanted forest. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books


Cramer, I. (1999) Interactive storymaking for contextualised language learning. In: Tosi, A. and Leung, C. (eds.) Rethinking language education: from a monolingual to a multicultural perspective. London: CILT, pp.1 80-195

Department of Health (1996) Choice and opportunity: primary care: the future. Cm. 3390. London: Stationery Office


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Dunne, M. (2004) Education beyond the classroom: lifelong learning. Bradford: Bradford College McMillan School of Teaching, Health and Care

Great Britain (1990) National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990. London: HMSO

Lang, P. (1995) ‘Preparing teachers for pastoral care and personal and social education: To train or educate?’, Pastoral Care in Education, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 18-23

Lemmond, E.H. (1990) A study of library networks by type. In: Genaway, D.C. and Hogan, T.H. (eds.) (1990) IOLS'90: proceedings of the 5th Integrated Online Library Systems meeting, New York, May 2-3, 1990. New York: Learned Information, pp.137-162

Napier, A. (1993a) Fatal storm. Sydney: Allen and Unwin —— (1993b) Survival at sea. Sydney: Allen and Unwin

Wragg, T. (2003) ‘The Notion of the Teacher’, The Times Educational Supplement, 12 February, p.15

Young, C. (2001) English Heritage position statement on the Valletta Convention. [Online]. Available: http://www.archaeol.freeuk.com/EHPositionStatement.htm [24 August 2006]

Zeichner, K.M. and Lister, D.P. (1987) ‘Teaching Student Teachers to Reflect’, Harvard Educational Review, Vol.57, No.1, pp.23-48

Spacing and alignment of text

Text in an assignment and in the reference list should normally be left-justified, not left- and right-margin justified.

The main body of the text should have double line spacing. Long quotations should be single line spaced and indented on the left and the right margins.

Paragraphs can be separated in one of three ways. Be consistent throughout the assignment.


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Text alignment and spacing

Paragraph spacing

The text in this section is double

line-spaced and justified only on

the left margin. It lines up only on

the left margin. Use these

settings for the text in your

assignments.

The text in this section is single line-spaced and justified only on both margins. It lines up only on the left and right hand sides. Do not use these settings for the text in your assignment.


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Long quotations

Where you use a long quotation, the attribution and the spacing between the text and the long quotation also need to be correct, as shown in the example below:

Note that the spacing of the first and of last lines of the long quote is consistent with the double line-spacing of the main body of the text. If the sentence after the long quotation is the start of a new paragraph you would need to apply the style you have chosen to mark a new paragraph.

he#student#handbook# - bradford college · 2 authors in a recent study smith and jones ... 27 june,...

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