This Teaching-Learning material is part of the resource package developed by Kusuma Foundation for

Udbhav programme and its Scaleup supported by Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik SikhshaAbhiyan (UPMSA).

This material has been developed by Kusuma Foundation with support from subject experts and

consultants and is intended for use by students,teachers and teacher educators of secondary schools in

Uttar Pradesh.The material also draws upon existing curricula, education materials and manuals, the

experience and views of teachers and also includes original material.The material has been finalised after

review by the State Resource Group (SRG) set up by UPMSA.

The material and its contents may not be sold or used for any commercial purpose.The manual and its

contents may be reproduced and used for educational purposes. Permission for reproduction and use

may be obtained from Kusuma at udbhav@kusumatrust.org or info@kusumafoundation.co.in

Funded by the KusumaTrust UK (www.kusumatrust.org)

© 2016 KusumaTrust UK

Kusuma believes that every child and young person has the potential to transform and

improve their life. Our mission is to facilitate and increase access to education and

other life opportunities for children and young people.Kusuma enables children and

young people to realise their potential.Our focus is to improve education outcomes,

and understand and address major barriers in education.