herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle
DESCRIPTION
Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle. Dr. Simon Kenyon. Objectives. Recognize the common musculoskeletal disorders of cattle Understand the management factors that lead to them Understand prevention, monitoring and control of these conditions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle
Dr. Simon Kenyon
![Page 2: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objectives
• Recognize the common musculoskeletal disorders of cattle
• Understand the management factors that lead to them
• Understand prevention, monitoring and control of these conditions
• Review treatment options for individual animals
![Page 3: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Common musculoskeletal problems
• Laminitis and hoof horn quality problems• Infectious conditions of the bovine foot• Joint disease• Nutritional & toxic• Other conditions
![Page 4: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Lameness in cattle
• 95% of lame cattle are dairy breeds• 80% of cases involve the digits• 80% of digital lameness involves the
hindlimbs• 50% of digital lameness involves the horn
and 50% the skin (mostly heel warts)• 70% 0f the horny lesions involve the outer
claw
![Page 5: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Diseases of the hoof horn
• Laminitis – inflammation of the laminar corium, founder
• Sole hemorrhage, sole ulcer, under-run sole• White line disease – separation of the laminar
corium• Heel erosion – slurry foot• Double sole
![Page 6: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Double sole
![Page 7: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Under-run Sole and Hemorrhage
![Page 9: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Acute Laminitis
Roached backObviously sore feetExtremely reluctant to walk
![Page 10: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Laminitis in Dairy Cattle
• Laminitis: Inflammation of the laminar corium of the hoof wall and the sole corium
![Page 11: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Laminitis in Dairy Cattle
![Page 12: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Locomotion Scoring
ZINPRO Corp.
![Page 13: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Significance of Locomotion Scores
• Cows with a locomotion score > 2– 2.8 times more likely to have increased days to first
service– 15.6 times more likely to have increased days open– 9.0 times more likely to have more services per
conception– 8.4 times more likely to be culled than herdmates
________________________________________Sprecher, et al., Theriogenology, 1997, 47:1179-1187.
![Page 15: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Impact of Lameness on Culling
• NAHMS, USDA 1996
– 15% of culling because of lameness– Additional impact on milk yield, and
reproduction.– Estimated that indirect effects of lameness
contribute to another 49% of culls
![Page 16: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Horse pedal bone “hangs”in the lamellae
![Page 18: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Laminitis in the Horse
![Page 19: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A Cow is Not a Horse
![Page 21: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Bovine Suspensory Apparatus
P3 fixed supported by digital cushion and suspended by bundles of collagen fibersattached to the basement layer of the abaxial wall. If fibers stretch P3 sinks and Deforms and compresses the sole.
From Lischer & Ossent, 2007
![Page 24: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Effects of Laminitis and Sinkage of P3 on the Digital Cushion
From Lischer & Ossent, 2007.
![Page 25: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
From Bergsten, 2004
![Page 26: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Risk Factors in the Cow
• Nutritional i.e. rumen acidosis• Calving• Compression and pressure effects on the
digital cushion• Thinning of the sole • Mechanical stress on the foot• Uneven wear
![Page 28: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Dairy Nutrition
• Maximize dry matter intake• Maximize energy intake• Preserve rumen health• Protect the transition cow
![Page 29: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Energy& Fiber Constraints
EarlyLactation Dry
ADF >17 – 21% 30 – 35 %
NDF >28 – 30% 42 - 50%
NFC <40 30 – 40%
Percent of Ration Dry Matter
![Page 31: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Forage : Concentrate Ratio
60:40 40:60 20:80
Milk Fat % 3.5 3.0 2.7
Acet:Prop 3.3 2.6 2.0
Hay:Grain
![Page 32: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Cow Time Management
• 3-5 hours eating• 9 – 14 meals• 48,080 chews (10% of energy use)• 7 – 10 hours ruminating• 30 minutes drinking• 2-3 hours milking• Needs 10 hours of lying/resting
![Page 36: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Freestall comfort
![Page 37: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Mattresses
• Resilient• Well bedded• Knee test
![Page 38: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Free Stall Use
![Page 39: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Flooring
• Green concrete very abrasive
• Grooving• Scrabbling• Rubber mats
![Page 47: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
T. Raven, Cattle Footcare and Claw Trimming, 1989.
![Page 49: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
T. Raven, Cattle Footcare and Claw Trimming, 1989.
![Page 50: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Herd management of musculoskeletal disorders in cattle](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815fb1550346895dcead6f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)