henry viii and the reformation in england final

8/6/2019 Henry VIII and the Reformation in England Final

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Henry VIII of EnglandHenry VIII of England

Politics and DynasticPolitics and Dynastic

ConcernsConcerns



Henry VIIIHenry VIII (28 June 1491(28 June 1491 ± ± 28 January28 January

1547) was1547) was King of EnglandKing of England from 21 Aprilfrom 21 April

1509 until his death.1509 until his death.Henry was the second monarch of theHenry was the second monarch of the

House of Tudor House of Tudor , succeeding his father,, succeeding his father,

HenryHenry VIIVII

Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII isBesides his six marriages, Henry VIII is

known for his role in the separation of theknown for his role in the separation of the

Church of EnglandChurch of England from thefrom the CatholicCatholic

ChurchChurch..

Henry was an attractive and charismaticHenry was an attractive and charismatic

man, educated and accomplished. He wasman, educated and accomplished. He was

an author and a composer. He ruled withan author and a composer. He ruled with

absolute power.absolute power.



Marriage to Catherine of AragonMarriage to Catherine of Aragon

In 1509, Henry VIII had marriedIn 1509, Henry VIII had married

Catherine of Aragon, daughter of Catherine of Aragon, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain,.Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain,.

By 1527, the union had producedBy 1527, the union had produced

no male heir to the throne and onlyno male heir to the throne and only

one surviving child, a daughter,one surviving child, a daughter,

Mary. Henry was justifiablyMary. Henry was justifiably

concerned about the politicalconcerned about the political

consequences of leaving only aconsequences of leaving only a

female heir. In this period, peoplefemale heir. In this period, people

believed it unnatural for women to believed it unnatural for women torule over men. At best a womanrule over men. At best a woman

ruler meant a contested reign, atruler meant a contested reign, at

worst turmoil and revolution.worst turmoil and revolution.



The King¶s AffairThe King¶s Affair

By 1527, Henry wasBy 1527, Henry wasthoroughly enamored of thoroughly enamored of

Anne Boleyn, one of Anne Boleyn, one of

Catherine¶s ladies. HeCatherine¶s ladies. He

determined to putdetermined to put

Catherine aside and takeCatherine aside and take

Anne as his wife. This heAnne as his wife. This he

could not do in Catholiccould not do in CatholicEngland, however, withoutEngland, however, without

papal annulment of the papal annulment of the

marriage to Catherine.marriage to Catherine.



The Reformation ParliamentThe Reformation Parliament

When the king¶s advisorsWhen the king¶s advisors

could not obtain a papalcould not obtain a papal

annulment, they conceivedannulment, they conceived

of a plan to declare the kingof a plan to declare the kingsupreme in Englishsupreme in English

spiritual affairs. In 1529,spiritual affairs. In 1529,

Parliament convened for Parliament convened for

what would be a sevenwhat would be a seven--year year session that earned it thesession that earned it the

title the ³Reformationtitle the ³Reformation

Parliament.´Parliament.´



Royal Reins on the ClergyRoyal Reins on the Clergy

During this period, it passedDuring this period, it passeda flood of legislation thata flood of legislation that

harassed, and finally placedharassed, and finally placed

royal reins on, the clergy. Inroyal reins on, the clergy. In

so doing, it established aso doing, it established a precedent that would precedent that would

remain a feature of Englishremain a feature of English

government: whenever government: whenever

fundamental changes arefundamental changes aremade in religion, themade in religion, the

monarch must consult withmonarch must consult with

and work throughand work through

parliament. parliament.



Head of the Church of EnglandHead of the Church of England

In January 1531, theIn January 1531, the

Convocation (aConvocation (a

legislative assemblylegislative assembly

representing the Englishrepresenting the Englishclergy) publiclyclergy) publicly

recognized Henry asrecognized Henry as

Head of the Church inHead of the Church in

England ³as far as theEngland ³as far as the

law of Christ allows.´law of Christ allows.´



Submission of the ClergySubmission of the Clergy

InIn 15321532, Parliament, Parliament passed the Submission passed the Submissionof the Clergy, whichof the Clergy, which

effectively placedeffectively placedcanon law under royalcanon law under royalcontrol and thereby thecontrol and thereby theclergy under royalclergy under royal jurisdiction. jurisdiction.



Marriage to Anne BoleynMarriage to Anne Boleyn

In January 1533, HenryIn January 1533, Henry

wed the pregnant Annewed the pregnant Anne

Boleyn, with ThomasBoleyn, with Thomas

Cranmer officiating.Cranmer officiating.

The Pope responded byThe Pope responded by

excommunicating excommunicating HenryHenry

from the Catholicfrom the Catholic

Church.Church.



King the Highest Court of AppealKing the Highest Court of Appeal

In February 1533.In February 1533.

Parliament made theParliament made the

King the HighestKing the Highest

Court of Appeal for Court of Appeal for

all English subjects.all English subjects.



Invalidation of FirstMarriageInvalidation of FirstMarriage

In March 1533.In March 1533.Cranmer becameCranmer becamearchbishop of archbishop of

Canterbury and led theCanterbury and led theConvocation inConvocation ininvalidating theinvalidating theKing¶s marriage toKing¶s marriage toCatherine.Catherine.



Acts of Succession & SupremacyActs of Succession & Supremacy

The Act of Succession in the sameyear made Anne Boleyn¶s childrenlegitimate heirs to the throne and theAct of Supremacy declared Henry ³theonly supreme head on earth of theChurch of England. The Popeexcommunicated Henry.

When Thomas More and John fisher,Bishop of Rochester, refused torecognize the Act of Succession and

the Act of Supremacy, Henry had themexecuted, making clear hisdetermination to have his wayregardless of the cost.



Dissolution of the MonasteriesDissolution of the Monasteries

In 1538. ParliamentIn 1538. Parliament

dissolved England¶sdissolved England¶s

monasteries andmonasteries and

convents.convents.



The Six Wives of Henry VIIIThe Six Wives of Henry VIII

To satisfy his desires andTo satisfy his desires and

to secure a male heir,to secure a male heir,Henry married six times.Henry married six times.



Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon

Born in SpainBorn in Spain

Had been married toHad been married toHenry¶s brother Arthur Henry¶s brother Arthur who diedwho died

Married Henry in 1509Married Henry in 1509 She had six children butShe had six children but

only one survivedonly one survived ± ± aadaughter, Marydaughter, Mary

Henry divorcedHenry divorcedCatherine as he hadCatherine as he hadfallen in love with her fallen in love with her lady in waitinglady in waiting



Jane Seymour Jane Seymour

Born in EnglandBorn in England

Jane was betrothedJane was betrothed

to Henry within 24to Henry within 24

hrs of Anne¶s deathhrs of Anne¶s death

She had one child, aShe had one child, a

son, Edwardson, Edward

Jane died two weeksJane died two weeksafter giving birthafter giving birth



Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves

Born in GermanyBorn in Germany

Henry had a paintingHenry had a paintingof her but when heof her but when hemet her he thoughtmet her he thought

she was uglyshe was ugly They married but didThey married but did

not live together not live together

They had no childrenThey had no children

Henry divorced her Henry divorced her



Catherine HowardCatherine Howard


She was the lady inShe was the lady inwaiting for Annewaiting for Anne

She was veryShe was veryattractiveattractive

There were noThere were nochildrenchildren

Henry heard rumoursHenry heard rumours

she was beingshe was beingunfaithfulunfaithful

She was beheadedShe was beheaded



Catherine Parr Catherine Parr


She had beenShe had beenmarried twice beforemarried twice before

They had no childrenThey had no children

Henry married her toHenry married her tolook after him in hislook after him in his

old ageold age She survived him asShe survived him as

Henry died in 1547Henry died in 1547



Religious ConservatismReligious Conservatism

Despite the break with Rome,Despite the break with Rome,

Henry remained decidedlyHenry remained decidedlyconservative in his religiousconservative in his religious

beliefs.With the TEN ARTICLES beliefs.With the TEN ARTICLESof 1536, he made only mildof 1536, he made only mildconcessions to Protestant tenets,concessions to Protestant tenets,

otherwise maintaining Catholicotherwise maintaining Catholicdoctrine in a country filled withdoctrine in a country filled withProtestant sentiments. Despite hisProtestant sentiments. Despite hismany wives and amorousmany wives and amorousadventures, Henry absolutelyadventures, Henry absolutely

FORBADE THE ENGLISHFORBADE THE ENGLISHCLERGY TO MARRY andCLERGY TO MARRY andthreatened any clergy who werethreatened any clergy who werecaught twice in concubinage withcaught twice in concubinage withexecution.execution.



Death and successionDeath and succession Late in life, Henry became obeseLate in life, Henry became obese

(with a waist measurement of (with a waist measurement of 5454 inches/137inches/137 cm) and had to becm) and had to bemoved about with the help of moved about with the help of mechanical inventions.mechanical inventions.

His obesity and other medicalHis obesity and other medical problems can be traced from an problems can be traced from an

accident in 1536 in which heaccident in 1536 in which hesuffered a leg woundsuffered a leg wound

Concurrently, Henry developed aConcurrently, Henry developed a binge binge--eating habit, consisting of aeating habit, consisting of adiet of mainly fatty red meats anddiet of mainly fatty red meats andfew vegetables.few vegetables.

Henry's obesity undoubtedlyHenry's obesity undoubtedlyhastened his death at the age of 55,hastened his death at the age of 55,which occurred on 28 Januarywhich occurred on 28 January1547. He expired soon after 1547. He expired soon after allegedly uttering these last words:allegedly uttering these last words:"Monks! Monks! Monks!""Monks! Monks! Monks!"



Edward VI (1547Edward VI (1547--1553)1553)

WhenWhen HenryHenry died,died, hishis sonson andand

successor,successor, EdwardEdward VI,VI, waswas onlyonlytenten yearsyears oldold.. Under Under thethe

regenciesregencies of of thethe dukeduke of of

SomersetSomerset andand thethe dukeduke of of Northumberland, Northumberland, EnglandEngland fullyfully

enactedenacted thethe ProtestantProtestant

ReformationReformation..



Mary I (1553Mary I (1553--1558)1558)

In 1533, Catherine of In 1533, Catherine of

Aragon¶s daughter Aragon¶s daughter

succeeded Edwardsucceeded Edward

(who had died in his(who had died in histeens) to the Englishteens) to the English

throne as Mary I andthrone as Mary I and

proceeded to restore proceeded to restore

Catholic doctrine andCatholic doctrine and

practice. practice.



Elizabeth I (1558Elizabeth I (1558--1603)1603) ItIt waswas notnot untiluntil thethe reignreign of of

AnneAnne Boleyn¶sBoleyn¶s daughter,daughter,

ElizabethElizabeth I,I, thatthat aa lastinglasting

religiousreligious settlementsettlement waswas

workedworked outout inin EnglandEngland..ElizabethElizabeth mergedmerged aa

centralizedcentralized EpiscopalEpiscopal

system,system, whichwhich sheshe firmlyfirmly

controlled,controlled, withwith broadly broadlydefineddefined ProtestantProtestant doctrinedoctrine

andand traditionaltraditional CatholicCatholic

ritualritual..



ConclusionsConclusions The break with Rome in 1533The break with Rome in 1533± ±34 was an act with enormous consequences34 was an act with enormous consequences

for the subsequent course of English history beyond thefor the subsequent course of English history beyond the Tudor dynastyTudor dynasty,,making possible the transformation of England into a powerful nation,making possible the transformation of England into a powerful nation,seizing of economic and political power from the Church by the aristocracyseizing of economic and political power from the Church by the aristocracy

Henry's decision to entrust the regency of his son Edward's minor years to aHenry's decision to entrust the regency of his son Edward's minor years to adecidedly reformdecidedly reform--oriented regency council, dominated by Edward Seymour,oriented regency council, dominated by Edward Seymour,ensured that the English Reformation would be consolidated and evenensured that the English Reformation would be consolidated and even

furthered during his son's reign.furthered during his son's reign. Obsessed with securing the succession to the throne, he left as his only heirsObsessed with securing the succession to the throne, he left as his only heirs

a young son (who died before his 16th birthday) and two daughters adheringa young son (who died before his 16th birthday) and two daughters adheringto different religions.to different religions.

Henry is traditionally cited as one of the founders of theHenry is traditionally cited as one of the founders of the Royal NavyRoyal Navy. His. Hisreign featured some naval warfare and, more significantly, large royalreign featured some naval warfare and, more significantly, large royal

investment in shipbuilding, dockyards and naval innovations (such as the useinvestment in shipbuilding, dockyards and naval innovations (such as the useof of cannoncannon on board ship).on board ship).

Henry was a formidable, captivating man who "wore regality with aHenry was a formidable, captivating man who "wore regality with asplendid conviction." But unpredictably his overpowering charm could turnsplendid conviction." But unpredictably his overpowering charm could turninto anger and shouting, for he was highinto anger and shouting, for he was high--strung and unstable; hypochondriacstrung and unstable; hypochondriacand possessed of a strong streak of cruelty.and possessed of a strong streak of cruelty.

henry viii and the reformation in england final

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