heng savoeun/2008 1
TRANSCRIPT
Heng Savoeun/2008 1
1- CI v³m:U elKu l1- GamI NU GasuIt ‘Amino Acid)
2- RbU etGuI n ‘Protein)
3- kabU GuIRdat ‘Carbohydrate)
KImICIv³ 1
3- kabU GuIRdat ‘Carbohydrate)
4- lI BI t (Lipid )
5- nu yekø Gui cGasuIt ‘Nucleic Acid)
2- Gg; suI m (Enzyme)
3- vI tamI n ‘Vitamin)
Heng Savoeun/2008 2
Heng Savoeun/2008 3
vItamIn• Baküza ¨ vItamIn‘vitamin’ ¨ pþúMeLIgBIBakü ¨vita ‘CIvit’ ¨ nig ¨amine=NH2-group ¨• CasarZatu«TÆiBlEdlcaM:csMrab´karlUtlas sMrab´karbnþBUC nigGtæiPaBénmnusS nigstV• mnusS RtUvkareTAelIvItamInnimYy> zitcenøaHBI 0.001-50mg kñúgmYyézá• karsMeyaKeday:ketrIkñúgeBaHev[n rWk*karrkSaTuk‘cMeBaHEtvItamInrlaykñúgxøaj’ GacbJ©úHkarsMeyaKeday:ketrIkñúgeBaHev[n rWk*karrkSaTuk‘cMeBaHEtvItamInrlaykñúgxøaj’ GacbJ©úHesckþIRtUvkarmYyEpñk• karKµanvItamIn rWvItamInminRKb´RKan´kñúgcMNIGaharry;eBlEvg naMeGaymankarxVHvItamInEdlemIlmineXIj ehIyvanwgpþl´nUveraKsJ¦aminyzaRbePTEdlGacnaMeTArkkarsøab´:n• cMnYnelIsEdleyIgbriePaKCamYyGahar nwgRtUv:nbeJ©jecal• buEnþ vaGacman«TÆiBlGaRkk´EdredaykarelIsvItamIn EtkMr
Heng Savoeun/2008 4
cMENkfñak;• RtUv:nEckCaRkumvItamInrlaykñúgxøaj´nigRkumvItamInrlaykñúgTwk
vItamInrlay~gTwk vItamInrlay~gxøaj´
thiamine (vitamin B1)
riboflavin (vitamin B2)
niacin (vitamin B )
retinol (vitamin A)
calcipherol (vitamin D)
tocopherol (vitamin E)
Heng Savoeun/2008 5
2
niacin (vitamin B3)
pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)
pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
biotin (vitamin B7)
folic Acid (vitamin B9)
cobalamin (vitamin B12)
ascorbinic acid (vitamin C)
tocopherol (vitamin E)
phylloquinon (vitamin K)
vItamInrlaykñúgxøaj;• vItamInrlaykñúgxøaj´sMxan´>sMrab´mnusS rYmmanvItamIn A, D, E nig K
GkSr eQµaH‘Provitamin’ muxgar CMgWxVHvItamIn tMrUvkarRbcaMézáA Retinol
(BI β-carotin)
kUhVak'T&rsMrab'KMehIj
xVak'man' 1,5-2 mg
D Calcipherol
(BI cholesterin)
kUhVak'T&rénemtabUlIskal'süÚm
ricket
‘eraKRkis’0,01 mg
E tocopherol Antioxidant karexSaysac'duM
10 mg
K phylloquinone kUhVak'T&rsMrab'karkkénQam
QamRkkk 1 mg
Heng Savoeun/2008 6
vItamIn A
• mnusS nigstVrkSaTukvItamIn A kñúgezøIm nigGacbMeBjtMrYvkar:nCaeRcInEx• vItamInA mankñúgezøImRtIsmuRT karut‘5ml/100g’ ezøIm‘8ml/100g’ TwkedaHsu)t‘BN(el]g’su)t‘BN(el]g’
Heng Savoeun/2008 7
karsMeyaK retinal edaykarbMElg β-carotin
• manvItamIn A BIrRbePT KW retinol(man alcohol-group rW vitamin A-alcohol)
• nig retinal (man aldehyde-group rW vitamin A-aldehyde)
• sarZatuedImsMrab´sMeyaKvItamInTaMgBIrenH KW β- carotin (provitamin) EdlRtUv:nsMeyaKedayruk¡Cati
Heng Savoeun/2008 8
RbtikmµkMehIj• retinal edIrtYnaTIsMxanNascMeBaHdMeNIrkareXIj
⇒karpøasbþÚr all-
trans-retinal eTACa11-cis-retinal nigRbtikmµGuIsUEmkmµén
nigRbtikmµGuIsUEmkmµén11-cis-retinal
RtUv:nCMrujedayBnøWEdlsæitenAy¨agCab´nwg opsin
Heng Savoeun/2008 9
vItamIn D(calcipherol)
• vItamIn D EdlsMxan KW vItamIn D2 nig D3
• karxVHvItamIn D kñúgdMNak´karlUtlaséneRKagqÁwgbNþaleGayekIt CMgW recket(eraKminZMqÁwg’ eRBaHrMxankarbMElgpUsVat nigkasüÚm
• karp<tp<g´ tamkarhUbvItamInedaypÞalk*:n rWhUb provitamin
k*:nEdr buEnþRtUvP¢abnwgkarRsUbBnøWelIEs|keGayRKbRKank*:nEdr buEnþRtUvP¢abnwgkarRsUbBnøWelIEs|keGayRKbRKan• karrkSaTuk‘kñúgCalikaxøaj’ :nry;eBl6Ex• karxVH minEmntamry;karp<tp<g´ provitamin minRKbRKaneT KW bNþalmkBIkarrMxandlkarbMElg provitamin eTACavItamIn
• mankñúgezøImRtI nigezøImstV ezøImRtI
Heng Savoeun/2008 10
vItamIn D
Heng Savoeun/2008 11
karsMeyaKvItamIn D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) BIcholesterin
• vItamIn D RtUvsMeyaKmkBIcholesterin (provitamin)
kñúgEs|k eRkam«TÆiBlénBnøWRBHGaTitüRBHGaTitü
Heng Savoeun/2008 12
vItamIn E (Tocopherol)
• vItamIn E CakMNtsMKalmYyRkumsMrab´vItamIn7y¨agtic Edllk¡N;KImIrbsvaecjmkBI tocol. edaykarbUkbEnæménRkum methyl eTAelI tocol eKEckCa α-çβ-ç δ-ç ∂-ç ε- nig tocopherol .
• vItamIn E RtUv:nsMeyaKkñúgruk¡Cati nigmaneRcInenAkñúgBnøkRKab´ZJ¦Cati‘BnøkRhUm¨g´ 200-300 µg/100g)
• tocopherol KWCaeRbgBN(el]g
Heng Savoeun/2008 13
vItamIn K
• RtUv:nsMeyaKeLIgkñúgruk¡Cati nigmIRkUsarJg<kaykñúgeBaHev[nmnusSeyIg. dUcenHkarp<tp<g´vatamry;Gahar minsUvsMxaneT .
• buEnþ karp<tp<g´tamGahar KWCakarcaM:c´ ebIkarrIklUtlasén:k´etrI kñúgeBaHev[nRtUv:nraraMgedayviZankarBüa:l‘GgTIbüÚTic’
• lTÆPaBkñúgkarsnSMTukk*tictYcEdr . dUcenHkarelceLIgnUvkgVH KW• lTÆPaBkñúgkarsnSMTukk*tictYcEdr . dUcenHkarelceLIgnUvkgVH KWbnÞab´BI24eTA48em¨ageRkay eBleyIgmin:nhUbvaBIGahar
• karxVHvItamIn K GacbNþalmkBIkarrMxanénkarbeJ©jTwkRbmateRJHGasuItTwkRbmatCaGñkTTYlxusRtUvsMrab´karRsUbykvItamIn K
Heng Savoeun/2008 14
vItamIn K manBIr• vItamIn K1 (phylloquinone) manTMrg´Ca 2-methyl-3-polyisoprenyl 1,4-
naphathoquinone
• vItamIn K2(menaquinone)manTMrg´Ca 2-methyl-3-phytyl 1,6-
naphthoquinone
Heng Savoeun/2008 15
vItamInrlaykñúgTwk
• vItamInrlaykñúgTwkEdlcaM:c´enaH rYmmanRkum B(B-vitamin)
ascorbinic(vitamin C) nig biotin(vitamin H)
⇒ biotin CakUGg´suImedaypÞal´⇒ vitamin C CakUhVak'T&rrbsGgsuIm⇒ vitamin C CakUhVak'T&rrbsGgsuIm⇒ B-vitamin CasarZatuedImsMrab´ykeTAsMeyaKkUGgsuIm
Heng Savoeun/2008 16
vItamInrlaykñúgTwkeQµaHeQµaHeQµaHeQµaH kUGg'suImkUGg'suImkUGg'suImkUGg'suIm Avitaminose tMrUvkarRbcaMézá tMrUvkarRbcaMézá tMrUvkarRbcaMézá tMrUvkarRbcaMézá tYnaTIclnkartYnaTIclnkartYnaTIclnkartYnaTIclnkar
B1 thiamine TPP beriberi(CMgWs¬wk)polyneuritis
ca. 1,5 mg prosthetic group
B2 riboflavin FMN, FAD dermatitis(RkmrEs|k) ca. 1,5 mg prosthetic group
B3 niacin NAD(P) pellagra(CMgWeBLak)nigRbB&nÆsrésRbsaT
10-30 mg cosubstrate
B9 folicAcid kUGg'suIm F megaloblast anaemie ca. 0,4 mg cosubstrate
Heng Savoeun/2008 17
B9 folicAcid kUGg'suIm F megaloblast anaemie ca. 0,4 mg cosubstrate
B5 pantothenic
acid
kUGg'suImA rMxandlkarbnþBUCSynarom
ca. 10 mg cosubstrate
B6 pyridoxine
pyridoxa-mine
PLP(pyridoxal
phosphate)
dermatitis,
nervous disorders
ca. 2 mg prosthetic group
B12 cobalamin DA-cobalamin Pernicious anaemie ca. 0.005 mg prosthetic group
C ascorbic acid shtþa xøÜnÉg scorbutCMgWs,bu)tnigexSayRbB&nÆkarJr
75 mg
B7 biotin kUGg''suImxøÜnÉg Dermatitis ca. 0,25 mg prosthetic group
vItamIn B1(thiamine)
• RtUv:nsMeyaKeLIgedayruk¡Cati nigmIRkUsarJg<kay• sMbUrxøaMgplitplecjBIRKab´ZJÃCati• manenAkñúgsMbkRsUv 2.3mg/100g
• mansar;sMxanNassMrabsac'duM EdleRbI pyruvate nig lactatemansar;sMxanNassMrabsac'duM EdleRbI nigCaRbPBzamBl
• karxVHvItamIn B1bNþaleGayekItCMgWs¬wk‘beriberi ’ nigQWk|al
Heng Savoeun/2008 18
• thiamine pyrophosphate
KWCakUGg´suImsMrab´RbtikmµdkkabUnecjBIBYkα-ketoacid (pyruvate,
karbMElg thiamine eTACa thiamine pyrophosphate
α-ketoacid (pyruvate,
α-ketoglutarate acid,
α-keto acid derivative
én valine, leucine
nig isoleucine’
Heng Savoeun/2008 19
vItamIn B2 (riboflavin)
• RtUv:nsMeyaKeLIgenAkñúgruk¡Cati nigmIRkUsarJg<kay BiesssøwkbEnø pSitdMEb‘yeast’ RtI TwkedaH nigezøIm‘3.5mg/100g’
• karxVHvItamIn B2 bNþaleGayekItCMgWEPñk‘RbRsIlÁk’ Rkmr rWRkhmEs|k nigrMxandlkarlUtlasEs|k nigrMxandlkarlUtlas
• KWCasarZatuedImsMrab´sMeyaKkUGg´suIm riboflavin nucleotide
• eKEckkUGg´suImEdlman riboflavin enHCa2Rkum KW flavinmono-
nucleotide(FMN) nigflavinadeninnucleotide(FAD)EdlcUlrYmkñúgRbtikmµGuksuIdUerdukmµRKb´srIrag<
Heng Savoeun/2008 20
TMrg; riboflavin coenzyme
TMrgrbs´ riboflavin .flavin KWCasmasZatuEdlmanrgVgisoalloxazine
- flavin mononucleotide(FMN,exµA)- flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD, exµAnigépÞemX)- mCÄmNÐlRbtikmµskmµKWRkhm
Heng Savoeun/2008 21
vItamIn B3 (niacin or nicotic acid)
• vItamInB3KWCasarZatuedImsMrab´ykeTAsMeyaKkUGgsuImNAD+
(nicotinamid- adenine-dinucleotide) nig NADP+
• vamanenARKb´Gaharruk¡Cati nigstV• karxVHvItamIn B3 bNþaleGayekItCMgWeBLak‘pellagra) nigrMxan
dlRbB&nÆsrésRbsaT . vamanenAkñúgezøIm 20mg/100g .dlRbB&nÆsrésRbsaT . vamanenAkñúgezøIm 20mg/100g .
Heng Savoeun/2008 22
tYnaTI NAD+ nig NADP+
• KWCakUGg´suIménRbtikmµGuksuIdUerdukmµ mann&yza vaCaGñkTTYlyk H2
• NAD+ nig NADP+ rgerdukmµeTACa NADHrW NADPH edaycabykeGLicRtug2nigRbUtug1BIsu)bRsþaEdlrgGuksuItkmµ
Heng Savoeun/2008 23
vItamIn B5 (pantothenic acid)
• RtUv:nsMeyaKedayruk¡Cati nigmIRkUsarJg<kaykñúgeJHev[n• manenAkñúg ezøIm‘40mg/100g’
su)tel]g‘10mg/1000g’sENþk‘2mg/1000g’sENþk‘2mg/1000g’
• karxVHvItamIn B5bNþaleGayrMxandlkarbnþBUC• karxVHvItamIn B5ekItmaneLIgedaykMr eRJHvasMbUrkñúgZmµCatiehIyCaBiess:k´etrIkñúgeBaHev[n k*GacsMeyaKva:nsMrabbMeBjesckþIRtUvkarEdr
Heng Savoeun/2008 24
muxgar• vItamIn B5cUlrYmkñúgkarbeg,ItkUGg´suIm A
Heng Savoeun/2008 25
vItamIn B6 (pyridoxine)
• CasarZatuedImsMrab´sMeyaKkUGg´suImpyridoxal phosphate(PLP)
• kñúgezøIm‘0.6mg/100g’saLat‘1mg/100g’emÞsepøak‘0.7mg/100g’emÞsepøak‘ ’
• karxVHvItamIn B6 bNþaleGayKaMgdl´karsMeyaKRbUetGuIn nigemtabUlIsGamINUGasuIt
Heng Savoeun/2008 26
vItamIn B12 (cobalamin)
• vItamIn B12 KWCavItamInEdlman cobaltkñúgmUelKul ehIyeKGacehAza cobalamin
• RtUv:nsMeyaKedaymIRkUsarJg<kay• ruk¡Cati nigstVminGacsMeyaKva:neT• ruk¡Cati nigstVminGacsMeyaKva:neT• mnusSGacrkSaTukvItamIn B12 kñúgezøIm:n 1mg
• kñúgsu)tel]g‘2µg/100g’ ezøImeKa 60µg/100g
• cMnYnEdlelIsRtUv:nbeJ©jecaltamTwkenam
Heng Savoeun/2008 27
TMrg;vItamIn B12
Heng Savoeun/2008 28
karsMeyaKkUGg;suImén cobalamin
• vItamInB12RtUv:neRbICasarZatuedImsMrab´sMeyaKkUGgsuIm2 KW5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin (DA-cobalamin)nig methylcobalamin
• bnÞab´BIRbtikmµerdukmµén Co3+ eTACa Co+ KWvItamIn B12GacTTYlbg<úMdeoxyadenosylBIATPrWk*TTYlbg<úMmethylBI S-adenosylmethionine
ATP CoenzymeDA-Cobalamin
Vitamin FADH2 and NADH Cobalamin
Cobalamin (Reduction) (Co+)(Co3+)
Methylcobalamin
Methyl-group
Heng Savoeun/2008 29
muxgarkUGg;suImén cobalamin
• 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin KWCakUGg´suImrbs methylmalonyl-CoA-
mutase ehIyvacUlrYmkñúgRbtikmµbMElg methylmalonyl-CoA eTACasuccinyl-CoA cMeJHkarrMlayén propionyl-CoA nigrMlay valine,
nigthreonine nig methionine
• methylcobalamin CakUGg´suImsMrab´sMeyaK methionine
Heng Savoeun/2008 30
vItamIn B9(folic acid)
• vItamIn B9‘LataMg folium = søwk’ RtUv:neKs<al´Ca pteroylglutamate EdlRtUv:nEjkykecjBIsøwkbEnøébtgtaMgBIenAedImqñaM1940mk• ekIteLIgBI pterin(2-amino-4-oxopteridine) p-aminobenzoic acid nig glutamate
TMrg´rbs pteridine ring system
Heng Savoeun/2008 31
karbegþIt tetrahydrofolate BI folate
• folate RtUvrgRbtikmµerdukmµedIm|Ibeg,ItCaTetrahydrofolateTetrahydrofolate
EdlehAza kUGg´suImrWsresrkatza FH4
Heng Savoeun/2008 32
vItamIn B7(biotin)
• RtUv:nsMeyaKeLIgedaymIRkUsarJg<kay nigruk¡Cati‘søwk’• kñúgEpøeckman 0.01µg/100g
su)tel]gman 0.3µg/100g
• edaysarvItamIn B7 RtUv:nsMeyaKedaymIRkUsarJg<kaykñúgeJHev[ntUckarxVHxatminsUvekItmaneT
•enAkñúgsu)ts man avidin‘RbUetGIunminnwgncMeBaHkMedA’ EdlGaccgP¢ab´•enAkñúgsu)ts man avidin‘RbUetGIunminnwgncMeBaHkMedA’ EdlGaccgP¢ab´nwgvItamIn B7. ehtuenH vaGacbNþaleGayxVHvItamIn B7
sJ¦aRBÜjenAelI N-atombgØajza N-atomCaGñkcgCamYybg<úMkabuksuIlskmµ
Heng Savoeun/2008 33
muxgarvitamIn B7
• Ca prosthetic group rbsGg´suImEdlcgP¢ab´nwgRbUetGuIn• cUlrYmkñúgkarcab´ykósµ&nkabUnic kñúgRbtikmµbMElg pyruvate eTACa
oxaloacetate nigRbtikmµbUkkabUnrbs acetyl-CoA nig propionyl-CoA
vItamIn B7cgsm¬&nÆCamYyGg´suImnig carboxyl :n carboxylbiotinyl-enzyme
Heng Savoeun/2008 34
vItamIn C(ascorbic acid)
• RtUv:nsMeyaKedayruk¡Cati nigstVmYycMnYnecjBI D-glucose
• znikstV sMeyaKvItamIn CenAkñúgezøIm• bkSI GMbUrkEg,b niglµÚn sMeyaKvItamIn CkñúgtMrgenam• mIRkUsarBagkayminsMeyaKvItamInCeT ehIyvak*minRtUvkarEdr• mnusSminGacsMeyaKva:neT BIeRBaHmnusSeyIgxVHGgsuIm• mnusSminGacsMeyaKva:neT BIeRBaHmnusSeyIgxVHGgsuIm• RbPBvItamIn CEdlsMxanCageKKWBYkbEnøébtgTaMgGs nigEpøeb¨ge:¨HEpøRkUc nigemÞsepøak
EpøRkUcqµar(50mg/100g) tMrgenam(40-50mg/100g)
ezøIm(5-15mg/100g) TwkedaH(2-7mg/100g)
Heng Savoeun/2008 35
muxgarvItamIn C
1- • manlk¡N;Ca reduced effect KWvaxøÜnÉgRtUvrgRbtikmµGuksuItkmµeTACa dehydroascorbic acid ehIy ascorbic acid nig dehydroascorbic
acid beg,It:nCaRbB&nÆerdukmµ ‘redoxsystem)
2- • ascorbic acid rWk* dehydroascorbic acid KWCashtþacMeJHRbtikmµGuIRduksuIlkmµGuIRduksuIlkmµó karbMElg proline eTACa hydroxyproline nigRbtikmµEdlCMrujeday
dioxygenase
Heng Savoeun/2008 36
vItamInC edIrtYkñúgRbB½nµerdukmµ
Heng Savoeun/2008 37
karxVHvItamIn C
• tMrUvkarRbcaMézásMrab´mnusSeBjv&yKW 75mg sMrab´kUnekµgKW 30mg
• kñúgeBlmanépÞeBaH rWk*manbnÞúkxøaMg‘stress’ k*dUcCamanCMgWRKunekþA ‘karrMlayvItamIn C ekIneLIg’ KWtMrUvkarekIneLIgx¬s• karxVHvItamIn C bNþaleGayekItCMgWs,bu)t‘scorbut) nigkarcuHexSayénRbB&nÆkarJrRbB&nÆkarJr• eraKsJ¦a bgØajnUvkarhUrQamtamEs|k nigGJ©ajeZµj• eraKsJ¦aenHelceLIg bnÞab´BImin:nTTYlTanvItamIn C ry;eBl BI4eTA5Ex• karxVHvItamIn C GacbNþaleGaysøab´
Heng Savoeun/2008 38