hematopoietic lecture ppt - indiana university...
TRANSCRIPT
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Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis: Red and white marrow
Bone marrow aspirate and core biopsy
Gartner, Color Textbook of Histology, 3rd Edition
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reticulocytes elliptocytes schistocytes
spheroctyes target cells acanthocytes
Basophilic stippling Howell Jolly bodies Pappenheimer bodies
Ribosomal RNALead
ThalassemiaMyelodysplasia
DNA remnant,splenectomy
Inorganic iron granules,iron stain
Rouleaux
Paraproteinemia
Anemias classified by MCV
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Hereditary spherocytosis
Figure 11‐1
Figure 11‐2
Osmotic fragility test
Normal
Spherocytes
Sickle cell disease
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
AdultFetal Hb SHb C
1 = Control2 = Hb A3 = HBA and Hb F4 = Hb S disease
5 = Control6 = Hb S and Hb A trait7 = HB S and Hb C8 = Hb S and Hb A trait
Hemoglobin High Performance Liquid Chromatography
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Hemoglobin HPLCHemoglobin electrophoresesβ‐globin mutations in β‐thalassemias
Figure 11‐7
Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencyParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Anopheles mosquito
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Figure 11‐9
Figure 11‐10
Microcytic hypochromicanemia
Iron regulation Bone marrow iron stains Hepatic hemochromatosis
Figure 15‐25
Megaloblasts
Giantmetamyelocytes
Hyperlobatedneutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Myelophthisic marrow,metastatic carcinoma
Leukoerythroblastosis
Hodgkin lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma Nasopharyngealcarcinoma
Atypicallymphocyte
Epstein‐Barr VirusNormal Lymph Node
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Acute nonspecific lymphadenitis
Follicular hyperplasia Paracortical hyperplasia Sinus histiocytosis
Bartonella henselae
Stellate necrotizinggranulomata
Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms
Myeloid stem cell Lymphoid stem cell
Pluripotent stem cell
Polys, basos, eos, monos, plts, rbcs B cells T cells
Myelodysplasia
Acute Acute myelogenous leukemias
Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Hodgkin Non‐Hodgkin
B‐ALL T‐ALL
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CD5+, CD19+, CD20+, CD23‐
Kappa light chain restricted
Cyclin D1 positive
t(11;14)
CD5 ‐, CD19 +, CD20+, CD23‐
Kappa/lambda light chain 2:1
Cyclin D1 negative
Negative for t(11;14)
Mantle cell lymphomaReactive lymph node
Heavy chain protein production
Light chain protein production
2 light chains + 2 heavy chains → Immunoglobulin(cell surface antigen receptor or secreted Ig)
Monoclonal IgG kappa →
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PCR assay for clonality:VDJ gene rearrangement
PCR assay of VDJ gene rearrangement
Fluorescent in situ hybridization for chromosomal translocation
Figure 2‐18
CD55 posC3 neg
CD55 negC3 pos
Most lymphomas resemble some stage of B or T cell differentiation
Figure 11‐13
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B cell germinal center somatic hypermutationALL: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
Smudge cells Diffuse nodal effacement Nodular marrow involvement
Follicular lymphomat(14;18) BCL2/IgH
BCL2 follicular lymphoma
BCL2 normal memory cells
Mantle cell lymphomat(11;14) cyclin D1 overexpression
Cyclin D1 stain
Lymphomatoid polyposis
Figure 11‐17
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
BCL6CD19, CD20, CD10
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Burkitt lymphoma
t(8;14)t(2;8)t(8;22)
Starry sky pattern
Multiple Myeloma
Rouleaux formation Renal tubular protein casts
Lytic lesions Atypical plasma cells
Prof Jan Waldenström at New York Hospital, Cornell University, New York, NY, 1963.
Left: Before plasmapheresis optic disc edema (arrowheads), central retinal hemorrhages (bold arrows), and venous “sausaging” (thin arrows) were observed. Right: After plasmapheresis disc edema and retinal hemorrhages improved. Venous sausaging disappeared.
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma
Waldenström MacroglobulinemiaHyperviscosity Syndrome
Hodgkin lymphoma,Mixed cellularity type
Reed Sternberg cell
Figure 11‐23
Figure 11‐20
Hodgkin lymphoma,nodular sclerosis subtype
Nodular sclerosing pattern Lacunar cell
Figure 11‐22 Figure 11‐21
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma
Normal splenic marginal zone Gastric MALToma
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Hairy cell leukemia
TRAP positive(outdated test)
Splenomegaly
Mycosis FungoidesCutaneous T‐Cell Lymphoma
Pautrier microabscess(Lymphocyte epidermotropism)
Sezary syndrome(exfoliative erythroderma)
Circulating Sezary cells
Myelodysplasia
Abnormal erythroblasts Ring sideroblasts (iron stain)
Hypolobated, hypogranulated neutrophils
Abnormal megakaryocytes
Figure 11‐25
Acute myelogenous leukemias
Auer rods
ALL AML
Acute Promyelocytic LeukemiaFAB M3 Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia
FAB M4
Gingival infiltration
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Figure 11‐26
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Splenomegaly Erythromelalgia
Splenomegaly
Myelofibrosis
Dacryocytes (teardrops ), nucleated red cells ( ) Marrow fibrosis
Essential thrombocythemia
Peripheral blood with thrombosis, giant platelets Marrow with increased megakaryocytes
Langerhans cell is a type of dermal dendritic cell
Birbeck granuleCD1a
Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms
Myeloid stem cell Lymphoid stem cell
Pluripotent stem cell
Polys, basos, eos, monos, plts, rbcs B cells T cells
Acute ____________
Chronic ________________ _____ ______
________________
____ _____
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Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms
Myeloid stem cell Lymphoid stem cell
Pluripotent stem cell
Polys, basos, eos, monos, plts, rbcs B cells T cells
Acute ____________
Chronic ________________ _____ ______
________________
____ _____
HemostasisBetween Scylla and Charybdis
Figure 3‐7
Primary hemostasis
Secondary hemostasis
Figure 3‐8
Conversion of factors via the extrinsic pathway
Figure 3‐9
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Figure 3‐5
Platelet plug Coagulation clot
Figure 3‐6
Antithrombotic mechanisms
Figure 3‐11
Fibrinolytic system
Platelet function analyzer Platelet aggregation studies Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
SchistocytesHyaline thrombi
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
E. Coli O157:H7
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Von Willebrand multimer analysis
vWF function
Figure 11‐29
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
Figure 11‐28
St. George and the dragon