hematocrit and hemoglobin determination (1)

8/19/2019 Hematocrit and Hemoglobin Determination (1)

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Hematocrit

TEST


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Hematocrit


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Hematocrit

test


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Hematocrit

test


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Hematocrit test


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Hematocrit test


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Hematocrit test: Measurement


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Hematocrit test:

Measurement


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Hematocrit test: INTERPRETATION


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Hemoglobin Determinatio


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Hemoglobin

•

One of the type of globular protein present in the hublood

• The pigment inside RBCs that has an affinity for O2 (a

• Measured as oxyhemoglobin


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Functions of Hemoglobin

•

Imparts red color to the blood• Helps to carry out the oxygen

• Buffers the blood pH


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Hemoglobin Determination

•

measurement of the concentration of hemoglobin iblood.


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Why get tested?Hemoglobin is measured:

• To detect Anemia or Polycythaemia

• To monitor the patients response to treatment

• Prior to donating blood

• To calculate red cells indices


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METHODS:

COLORIMETERS OR SPECTROPHOTOMETE

measure the percentage of filtered light transmitted

the sample


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METHODS:

HEMOGLOBINOMETER

particularly useful in areas where no clinical laborato

available


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METHODS:

TALLQUIST METHOD

compare the color scale to determine the percent and w

of hemoglobin in blood under normal and anemic cond


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emoglo in

Procedure:

1. Place a drop of blood on the special paper in the Tallquist test kbreak open in the paper.

2. Allow drop to dry long enough to lose its glossy appearance butenough for it to become brown.


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emoglo in

Procedure:

3. Compare the color of the blood spot with the colors in the Tallqukit. Determine the Hb content by matching colors as closely as poss


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Hemoglobin Determinatio

Clinical Significance


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Hemoglobin Normal Levels

• Men: 14 – 16.5 g/100ml

• Women: 12 – 15 g/100ml


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Abnormal Hemoglobin Level(high/polycythemia)

• A high hemoglobin count indicates an above-normal level ofhemoglobin in your blood.

• A high hemoglobin count is somewhat different from a highcell count, because each cell may not have the same amounhemoglobin proteins.

• In children, the definition of a high hemoglobin count variesand sex.

• Hemoglobin count may also vary due to time of day and howhydrated you are.


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Causes of High Hb

• Living at a high altitude

• Lung disease (emphysema, COPD)

• Cancer

• Tobacco smoking

• Bone marrow disorders (polycythemia vera)

•Congenital heart disease in adults

• Heart failure

• Kidney cancer

• Liver cancer


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When to see a doctor:

• A high hemoglobin count is rarely an unexpected finding or discovered by chance.

• It's usually found when your doctor has ordered tests to heldiagnose a condition you're already experiencing.

• A high hemoglobin count and results from other tests may aindicate the cause of your illness.


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Abnormal Hemoglobin level (low/anem

• A low hemoglobin count is a commonly seen blood test resu

• In many cases, a low hemoglobin count is only slightly lowenormal and doesn't affect how you feel.

• If it gets more severe and causes symptoms, your low hemocount may indicate you have anemia.


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Normally low hemoglobin counts

• A slightly low hemoglobin count isn't always a sign of illnessbe normal for some people:

• Pregnant women


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Causes

• Nutritional (iron, folic acid, or vitamin B 12 deficiency)

• Gastrointestinal blood loss (ulcers, colon cancer)

• Kidney problems

• Blood loss (from trauma or surgery)

• Red Blood cell synthesis problems (bone marrow disorders,

disorders such as sickle cell anemia)

• Cirrhosis


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What is sickle cell anemia?

• Sickle cell anemia is a genetic alteration that causes some hmolecules to be defective

• When red blood cells have hemoglobin S(defective hemogloare subjected to low oxygen levels, they can become cresce"sickle shaped“.

• They do not easily move through capillary vessels with smaldiameters, thus depriving tissues from exchanging oxygen adioxide.


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Symptoms/ Clinical manifestations

• Pale skin

• Weakness

• Shortness of breath

• Fainting

• Palpitations

• Chest pain

• Restless legs syndrome


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When to see a doctor:

• If you experience signs and symptoms of a low hemoglobin

• If your test reveals you have a low hemoglobin count, you will likemore testing to determine the cause.

hematocrit and hemoglobin determination (1)

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