helping people, economies & the environment thrive
TRANSCRIPT
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Sustainable Approaches to Coastal Design and Adaption to Sea Level Rise
Shannon E. Cunniff, Director, Coastal ResilienceWCEL Workshop2 February 2017
Helping People, Economies and the Environment Thrive
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Building on the Louisiana Experience
• Economic Growth• Coastal
Community Protection
• Coastal Restoration
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Coastal Defenses
• Integrate natural and manmade defenses• Multiple Lines of Defense Strategy
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Shellfish & coral reefs = low breakwaters.
Vegetated dunes better withstand waves & provide attractive habitat
Maritime forests reduce wave & wind energy, capture debris; wetlands can attenuate waves.
Drainage, elevation, retention systems, relocation
1: USACE, 2015
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Important QuestionsPart I
• What are nature-based solutions?– a.k.a. Natural Infrastructure, Green Shores, Living Shorelines, Eco-
Based Disaster Risk Reduction, et al.
• Where and how do they work?
Part II
• Why would a community choose natural-based solutions?
Part III
• Lessons on creating comprehensive solutions for your community’s needs
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Shore Re-nourishment
Credit: Ecoshape
Credit: Woods Hole Group
• Manage sediment as a resource
• Take advantage of littoral processes
• Keep vegetation & washed up algae
Credit: Dr. Brett Milligan
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Dune Restoration
Reduce coastal erosion
Reduce nuisance
floods
Reduce force &
height of waves
Stop or reduce storm surge
beach builders & wave chew toys
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Wetlands Restoration
Credit : Delaware NERC
Credit: Norfolk, VA
Slow inland water
transfer
Reduce force &
height of waves (<2’
– 5’ )
Can reduce
impact of stormsurge
Improve water quality
Credit: CRCL
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Re-establishing lost connections & processes
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Oyster Reefs
Reduce coastal erosion
Reduce force & Height of short
waves (<2’)
Improve water quality
Speed bumps
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Greener Gray Solutions • Breakwaters
– Concrete & forms • Tidepool, Fish, Oyster
Habitats
Photo credit: Econcrete
• Seawalls– 3 design features: Light,
shallow habitat w gravel, wall texture
• Salmonid migration, habitat for marine inverts
Credit: City of Seattle
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“Hybrid” Solutions
• Living Shorelines: sills & wetlands
– East Coast Bays • VA, MD, DE, NC, SC,
AL, etc.
– Riparian areas• NY, NJ
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Integrated Solutions
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Part I
• What are nature-based solutions?– a.k.a. Natural Infrastructure, Green Shores, Living Shorelines, Eco-
Based Disaster Risk Reduction, etc.
• Where and how do they work?
Part II
• Why would a community choose nature-based solutions?
Part III
• Lessons on creating comprehensive solutions for your community’s needs
Important Questions
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Lower Cost
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• Oyster reef breakwaters ~ $1M/mile Standard rock breakwaters cost1: $1.5-3M/mile
• Wetlands w/ sills: $50 - 500/ft Bulkheads/riprap2: ~$500 - 1,200/ft
Community hybrid soft shore − 3 scenarios: ranged between 30 – 70% less
costly than traditional hard approach seawall3
1: Dow et al., 2013; 2. CBF, 2007; 3: Lamont et al., 2014
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Multiple Benefits
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Sustainable
• Keep pace with sea level rise– Dunes & oyster reefs can grow
• More effective with age– Surface and root densities– Overall width and height
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Important QuestionsPart I
• What are Nature-Based Solutions?– a.k.a. Natural Infrastructure, Green Shores, Living Shorelines, Eco-
Based Disaster Risk Reduction, etc.
• Where and how do they work?
Part II
• Why would a community choose nature-based solutions?
Part III
• Lessons on creating comprehensive solutions for your community’s needs
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Comprehensive Planning
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Reactive• Scramble to spend
• Power competition
• Impulse to return to what was familiar
Deliberative• Time to think through
community goals and build consensus pre-disaster
• Maximize opportunities next recovery affords
• Greater potential for innovative funding
• Pilots to prove concepts
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Adaptive Governance• Unite coastal protection & restoration under a single
agency with co-equal goals– Articulate clearly the priorities necessary to achieve
comprehensive coastal protection– Develop, implement, and enforce a comprehensive coastal
protection and restoration master plan.
Credit: LA CPRA
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Yields a Comprehensive Plan for the Mississippi Delta
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Generating Big Ideas – The Art of Inspiring
• Changing Course – EDF – Design teams from around the
world created innovative visions for how to achieve a more sustainable Lower Mississippi River Delta
• Structures of Coastal Resilience
– Rockefeller Foundation, after Super Storm Sandy
– Universities: Design; Architecture; Science
• Sediment diversions higher in the delta
• New navigation inlet
• Need to address migration of people
• Amphibious suburb
• Fingers of High Ground
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Generating Vision & Buy In
• Room for the River
– Netherlands’ Rhine, Meuse & Scheldt Rivers Delta
Nijmegen
• Rebuild by Design
– Designs underway using similar principle of public collaboration
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Generating Vision & Buy In
• Participatory Design
• Deliberative Democracy
• Crowd Co-Design
• “Dutch Dialogues”
Common elements:• Multiple disciplines
• Bring experts & citizens together
• Two-way education• Time investment• Infusion of capital
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PLANNING TEAM
252017 Coastal Master Plan
SUPPORTED BY:
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TECHNICAL TEAMCOLLABORATIVE TEAM OF OVER 70 EXPERTS
262017 Coastal Master Plan
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272017 Coastal Master Plan
FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT TEAM