helena pachón ciat nutritionist agrosalud project coordinator improved agriculture-nutrition...
TRANSCRIPT
Helena PachónCIAT Nutritionist
AgroSalud Project Coordinator
Improved Agriculture-Nutrition Linkages through Production and Promotion of Nutrient-dense
Foods
Food Security and Nutrition NetworkSpring Technical Meeting
9 May 2011Baltimore, USA
Outline
Biofortification overview Experiences in LAC
Photo: Neil Palmer
What is Biofortification?
Biofortification is the development of nutrient-dense staple crops using the best conventional breeding
practices and modern biotechnology, without sacrificing agronomic performance and important
consumer-preferred traits
Modified from Nestel et al., 2006
clay
uca.
org
Iron, zinc, calcium, pro-vitamin A carotenoids,
folate, amino acids, prebiotics, etc.
Conventional Plant Breeding to Develop Biofortified Crops
Drought-tolerant Bean
High-iron Bean
X
Drought-tolerant, high-iron beans
Progressive increments of iron in beans
Breeding cycles
Iron
(pp
m)
2005 2007 2009 2011
50
65
80
100
Developing Biofortified Crops Takes Years
Courtesy: Steve Beebe, CIAT
Nutrient Concentration in Staple Crops can be Increased through Plant Breeding
Courtesy: César Martínez, CIAT
0022446688
101012121414
Perc
ent
Perc
ent
NN 48514851MeanMean 3.923.92Std DeviationStd Deviation 1.201.20
200
820
08 NormalNormal
0.450.45 1.051.05 1.651.65 2.252.25 2.852.85 3.453.45 4.054.05 4.654.65 5.255.25 5.855.85 6.456.45 7.057.05 7.657.650022446688
101012121414
Perc
ent
Perc
ent
NN 18191819MeanMean 5.695.69Std DeviationStd Deviation 1.211.21
200
920
09
Fe (mg/kg)Fe (mg/kg)
NormalNormal
0022446688
101012121414
Perc
ent
Perc
ent
NN 46674667MeanMean 3.203.20Std DeviationStd Deviation 1.261.26
NormalNormal
200
720
07
Fedearroz 50Fedearroz 50
IR - 64IR - 64
BaselineBaseline
Agronomic Traits in Staple Crops can be Improved through Plant Breeding
Yield of tryptophan- and
lysine-biofortified
maize (QPM)
Mostly higher yields for QPM
(yellow bar) compared with conventional
maize (red bar)
Courtesy: Hugo Córdova and CIMMYT colleagues
Yields for White QPM Hybrids Evaluated in 62 Localities in Latin America, Asia and Africa, 2002-2003
Will Farmers Adopt Biofortified Crops?
49% and 15% of the areas in LAC and Africa, respectively, where beans are grown have CIAT varieties (Johnson et al., 2003)
36% of LAC areas where maize is grown have CIMMYT germplasm (Morris & López, 2000)
71% of the rice area planted in Asia has IRRI rice (Hossain et al., 2003)
Photo: Marlene Rosero
Historically, farmers have adopted agronomically improved crops
Biofortification is a Food-based Approach
(http://faostat.fao.org/site/368/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=368#ancor)
Six crops account for 57% of energy and 49% of protein “consumed” by populations living in least developed countries
(FAO food balance sheets)
Proportion of Energy and Protein "Consumed" from Crops in Least Developed Nations: FAO Food
Balance Sheets
-
10
20
30
% Energy % Protein
Beans Cassava Maize Rice Sweetpotato Wheat
How Biofortified Crops Improve Food and Nutrition Security
Compared with conventional (non-biofortified crops), biofortified crops have
Increase foods available in homes
Better agronomic characteristics
• Greater: yields, resistance to pests, tolerance to stresses
Improve food security
How Biofortified Crops Improve Food and Nutrition Security
Compared with conventional (non-biofortified crops), biofortified crops have
Increase foods available in homes
Better agronomic characteristics
• Greater: yields, resistance to pests, tolerance to stresses
Higher nutritional concentration
• More: iron, zinc, beta-carotene and/or tryptophan and lysine
Increase the intake of these nutrients
Improve nutrition security
Improve food security
Biofortification Supported by Leading Economists
(www.copenhagenconsensus.com)
For the most important challenges facing the
world, what are the most
promising solutions?
Biofortification is Complementary to Other Interventions
Improve Food and Nutrition
Security
Fortified Foods
Dietary Diversity
Supplementation
Improved Crop Productivity
Crop Biofortification
Nutrition Education
#9#9
Brazil
India Biofortificatio
n Program
Who Promotes Biofortification?
Iron-biofortified rice (Haas et al., 2005)
Increased by 20% storage iron in non-anemic women of reproductive age (Philippines)
β-carotene-biofortified sweet potato (Low et al., 2007; van Jaarsveld et al., 2005)
Reduced by 37% pre-schoolers with vitamin A deficiency (Mozambique) and improved by 10% storage vitamin A in school-age children (South Africa)
Lysine- and tryptophan-biofortified maize (QPM) (Gunaratna et al., 2010)
Improved children’s growth by 9-12% (8 studies in Latin America and Africa)Zinc-biofortified wheat (Rosado et al., 2009)
Improved zinc absorption by 33% in women of reproductive age (Mexico)
Demonstrated Impact of Biofortified Crops
Photo: Luis Carlos Torres
Summary: Biofortified Crops
Improved agronomic characteristics
Higher nutrient concentration
Improve nutritional status
A food-based strategy Complements other
interventions
Outline
Biofortification overview Experiences in LAC
Photo: Neil Palmer
The Nutritional Need in LAC
52 M undernourished (FAO) In some areas, anemia,
stunting, & vitamin A deficiency constitute severe public health problems (WHO, MACRO)
Lost school days, poor growth and development, and poor productivity
Regional economic cost is ~US$21 billion annually (CIAT)
Photo: Neil Palmer
s potato
(Images: www.gardenguides.com, www.hormel.com, www.cdc.gov, www.waynescomputerworld.com, www.theproducehunter.com;www.sacramentorivervalleydistrict.org)
beansrice
+ Iron + Iron+ Iron
Anemia
Biofortified Crops to Address Nutrition Problems in LAC
s potato
(Images: www.gardenguides.com, www.hormel.com, www.cdc.gov, www.waynescomputerworld.com, www.theproducehunter.com;www.sacramentorivervalleydistrict.org)
beans maizerice
+ Zinc + Zinc+Zinc + Amino acids Zinc
Stunting
Biofortified Crops to Address Nutrition Problems in LAC
s potato
(Images: www.gardenguides.com, www.hormel.com, www.cdc.gov, www.waynescomputerworld.com, www.theproducehunter.com;www.sacramentorivervalleydistrict.org)
cassavamaize
+ Pro-Vit A +Pro-Vit A + Pro-Vit
A
Vitamin A Deficiency
Biofortified Crops to Address Nutrition Problems in LAC
Released 42 Cultivars, 10 in the PipelineC
ourt
esy
: R
óg
er
Urb
ina
CountryCrop
Rice S potato Beans Maize
Bolivia2009 (2)2011 (1)
- 2009 (1) 2008 (1)
Brazil 2011 (1) 2009 (1) 2008 (2) -
Colombia 2011 (1) - 2011 (1) 2010 (2)
Costa Rica - - 2011 (1) -
Cuba2009 (1)2010 (1)
2009 (1) 2009 (1) -
El Salvador - - 2011 (1) 2008 (3)
Guatemala - - 2010 (1) 2009 (1)
Haiti - 2009 (2) - 2008 (1)
Honduras - - 2011 (1)2008 (1)2010 (2)
Mexico - - -2007 (2)2009 (2)
Nicaragua 2011 (1) - 2011 (1) 2007 (2)
Panama 2010 (4) - -2008 (2)2009 (2)
Peru - 2010 (2) - -
Dominican Republic 2011 (1) 2009 (2) - -
Total 13 8 10 21
Seed Produced (2010)
Country Cultivar Amount (kg)Bolivia Rice 228,000Bolivia Maize 200Cuba Rice 10,680
Cuba Beans 1,702
El Salvador Maize 431,920
Guatemala Beans 909
Haiti Maize 6,935
Panama Rice 7,071
Peru Maize 1,000
Take-Home Message
Through AgroSalud, 42 nutritionally-improved crops were bred and released in 13 countries
Photos: Neil Palmer
Seed is available for your projects and programs in LAC
Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5oyFBqobpM
¡Gracias! ¡Buen provecho!
Helena PachónCIAT
Colombia+572 445 0000 (Tel)
[email protected] www.AgroSalud.org
The New Agriculturalist: http://www.new-ag.info/picture/feature.
php?a=1582
Feeding Ambitions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=w5oyFBqobpM