h.el205l3n
TRANSCRIPT
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ØÓÒÈÑ.ÓÓÈÑ.Óóðõàéí öàõèëãààíæóóëàëò, àâòîìàòæóóëàëòûí áàã. Á.Áàòõèøèã
Ïðàêòèê 1
§1.5. Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ñîðîíçîí õºäºëãºã÷ õ¿÷, ã¿éäëèéí òýãøèòãýë
Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûã õîîñîí ÿâàëòûí ãîðèìä º.õ ò¿¿íèé íýãä¿ãýýð îðîîìîã U õ¿÷äýëòýé, õî¸ðäóãààð îðîîìîã çàäãàé (I2=0) àæèëëàæ áàéíà ãýæ òºñººëüå. Ýíý ¿åä íýãä¿ãýýð îðîîìãîîð ã¿éõ ã¿éäëèéã õîîñîí ÿâàëòûí ã¿éäýë ãýæ íýðëýõ áà I0 ãýæ òýìäýãëýäýã. Ýíý ã¿éäëèéí ¿éë÷ëýëýýð ¿¿ñýõ ñîðîíçîí õºäºëãºã÷ õ¿÷ íü
ñîðîíçîí äàìæóóëàã÷èä ¿íäñýí ñîðîíçîí óðñãàëûã ¿¿ñãýõ áºãººä
ò¿¿íèé õàìãèéí èõ óòãà íü
ñmax R/wIÔ 102 áàéíà. (1.18)
RC – ñîðîíçîí äàìæóóëàã÷èéí ñîðîíçîí ýñýðã¿¿öýë. Õî¸ðäóãààð îðîîìîãò à÷ààëàë õîëáîõ ¿åä îðîîìãîîð ÿìàð íýã I2 ã¿éäýë ã¿éíý. Íýãä¿ãýýð îðîîìãîîð ã¿éõ ã¿éäëèéí õýìæýý I1 áîëæ ºñíº. Ýíý ¿åä îðîîìãèéí ñîðîíçîí óðñãàë I1w1 áà I2w2 ñ.õ.õ-í¿¿äèéí ¿éë÷ëýëýýð ¿¿ñíý.
ñmax R/wIwIÔ )(2 2211 (1.19)
Ýíý ñîðîíçîí óðñãàëûí õýìæýýã 1.9 òîìü¸îíîîñ èëýðõèéëæ áîëíî.
)444( 11 fw,/EÔmax
)( 11 EU áîëîõûã òîîöâîë
)444( 11 fw,/UÔmax áîëíî. (1.20)
1.20 èëýðõèéëëýýñ ¿çýõ¿ë ¿íäñýí ñîðîíçîí óðñãàëûí õýìæýý íü òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí à÷ààëëûí õýìæýýíýýñ åð íü õàìààðàõã¿é ãýæ îéëãîæ áîëíî. Ó÷èð íü U1 õ¿÷äýëèéí õýìæýý áàðàã òîãòìîë áàéäàã. Ãýõäýý 1.13 èëýðõèéëëýýñ îðîîìîã äýýð óíàõ õ¿÷äýëèéí óíàëòûã òîîöîõã¿éãýýð
)( 11 EU ãýæ àâñàí òóë ýíý íü à÷ààëàë õýâèéí õýìæýýíýýñ èõã¿é
òîõèîëäîëä ¿íýí áàéíà. Íýãýíò ñîðîíçîí óðñãàëûí õýìæýý òîãòìîë áàéõ ó÷èð
ññ R/wIwIR/wI )(22 221110 áàéíà. Ýíäýýñ
òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ñ.õ.õ-íèé òýãøèòãýëèéã ãàðãàíà.
221110 wIwIwI (1.21)
1.21-ñ íýãä¿ãýýð îðîîìãèéí ñ.õ.õ-èéã èëýðõèéëáýë õî¸ð á¿ä¿¿ëýã÷òýé áîëîõûã àæèãëàæ áîëíî.
)( 221011 wIwIwI
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ØÓÒÈÑ.ÓÓÈÑ.Óóðõàéí öàõèëãààíæóóëàëò, àâòîìàòæóóëàëòûí áàã. Á.Áàòõèøèã
10wI - á¿ðä¿¿ëýã÷ íü òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ñîðîíçîí äàìæóóëàã÷èä ¿íäñýí
ñîðîíçîí óðñãàëûã ¿¿ñãýæ, 22wI íü 11wI ñ.õ.õ-íèé ¿éë÷ëýëèéã
ñààðìàãæóóëäàã áàéíà. ¯¿íèéã Ëåíöèéí ä¿ðìýýð òàéëáàðëàæ áîëíî. Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí II îðîîìîãò ¿¿ñýõ ö.õ.õ Å2 íü ò¿¿íèéã èíäóêöëýõ ñîðîíçîí óðñãàë Ô-ààñ 90Î-ààð õîöîðíî. Õàðèí II îðîîìãîîð ã¿éõ ã¿éäëèéí âåêòîð íü à÷ààëëûí øèíæ ÷àíàðààñ õàìààðíà. Èäýâõèòýé-íºëººìæèéí à÷ààëàëòàé ¿åä à÷ààëëûí ã¿éäýë íü ñîðîíçîí îðíûã ñóëðóóðàõ ¿éë÷ëýë ¿ç¿¿ëíý (1.8-çóðàã, à).
Õàðèí èäýâõèòýé-áàãòààìæèéí à÷ààëàëòàé ¿åä õî¸ðäóãààð
îðîîìãîîð ã¿éõ ã¿éäýë íü òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ñîðîíçîí äàìæóóëàã÷èä ñîðîíçîõ ¿éë÷ëýëèéã ¿ç¿¿ëíý. (1.8-ð çóðàã, á) Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ñ.õ.õ-íèé òýãøèòãýëèéí (1.21) õî¸ð òàëûã îðîîäñûí òîî w1 õóâààæ äàðààõ òýãøèòãýëèéã ãàðãàí àâ÷ áîëíî.
12210 w/wIII , áóþó 210 III (1.23)
Òýãøèòãýëéèí 1222 w/wII ã¿éäëèéã íýãä¿ãýýð îðîîìîãò
øèëæ¿¿ëñýí ã¿éäýë ãýæ íýðèéäíý. Ýíý íü w1 îðîîäîñòîé îðîîìãîîð ã¿éõäýý, w2 îðîîäîñòîé îðîîìãîîð I2 ã¿éäýë ã¿éõäýý ¿¿ñãýõ ñ.õ.õ-òýé òýíö¿¿ õýìæýýíèé ñ.õ.õ ¿¿ñãýõ ã¿éäýë þì.
22112212 )( wIww/wIwI
1.23-ààñ òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ã¿éäëèéí òýãøèòãýëèéã ãàðãàíà.
).( 201 III (1.24)
Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí íýãä¿ãýýð îðîîìãîîð ã¿éõ ã¿éäýë I1 íü ¿íäñýí ñîðîíçîí óðñãàë Ô ¿¿ñãýõýä øààðëàãäàõ ñ.õ.õ-èéã áèé áîëãîõ I0 ã¿éäýë áà òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí II îðîîìîãò ¿¿ñýõ ñ.õ.õ-èéã ñààðìàãæóóëàõ
2I ã¿éäë¿¿äèéí ãåîìåòð íèéëáýð þì.
¯íäñýí ñîðîíçîí óðñãàë Ô íü õóâüñàõ òóë òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ñîðîíçîí äàìæóóëàã÷èä ãèñòåðåçèñèéí áîëîí õóéëàðñàí ã¿éäëèéí àëäàãäëóóä ¿¿ñäýã. Ýíý àëäàãäëûí õýìæýý íü õ.ÿ-ûí ã¿éäëèéí èäýâõèòýé á¿ðä¿¿ëýã÷èéí õýìæýýíýýñ õàìààðíà. Õ.ÿ-ûí ã¿éäëèéí èäýâõèòýé á¿ðä¿¿ëýã÷ íü 0.1 I0-îîñ õýòýðäýãã¿é.
2
22wI
22 wI ð
maxÔ
maxE
2
22wI
22 wI ð
maxÔ
maxE
1.8-ð çóðàã.
Èäýâõèòýé-íºëººìæèéí
(à) áà èäýâõèòýé-
áàãòààìæèéí (á)
à÷ààëàëòàé
òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí
âåêòîðûí äèàãðàìì.
à)
á)
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ØÓÒÈÑ.ÓÓÈÑ.Óóðõàéí öàõèëãààíæóóëàëò, àâòîìàòæóóëàëòûí áàã. Á.Áàòõèøèã
§1.6. Õî¸ðäóãààð îðîîìãèéí ïàðàìåòð¿¿äèéã øèëæ¿¿ëýõ. Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí îðëóóëãûí ñõåì
Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí íýã áà õî¸ðäóãààð îðîîìãèéí õýìæèãäõ¿¿í¿¿ä íü õîîðîíäîî èõ ÿëãààòàé. Ýíý íü òðàíñôîðìàöèëàõ êîýôôèöèåíò ºíäºð ¿åä èõýýð èëðýõ áºãººä òîîöîî õèéõýä õ¿íäðýëòýé áîëäîã. ¯¿íèéã òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí II îðîîìãèéã I îðîîìîãòîé àäèë òîîíû îðîîäîñòîéãîîð òîîöîí ò¿¿íèé ö.õ.õ, õ¿÷äýë, ã¿éäýë áîëîí ýñýðã¿¿öëèéã ýíý òîîíä øèëæ¿¿ëýí òîîöîõ àðãààð õºíãºâ÷èëíº. ªºðººð
õýëáýë k=w1/w2 êîýôôèöèåíòòýé æèíõýíý òðàíñôîðìàòîðûã k=w1/ 2w
êîýôôèöèåíòòýé ýêâèâàëåíò òðàíñôîðìàòîðîîð ñîëèíî (øèëæ¿¿ëíý) ãýñýí ¿ã þì. Øèíý (øèëæ¿¿ëñýí) òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí õî¸ðäóãààð îðîîìãèéí öàõèëãààí ñîðîíçîí ÷àäàë ººð÷ëºãäºõã¿é áàéõ íºõö뺺ñ
2222 IEIE (1.27)
áºãººä 12212 /III áîëîõûã òîîöâîë
.EEI
IE
I
IE
2
122
2
1
2
22
2
22
(1.28)
̺í 2222 IUIU ó÷èð
2122 /UU áîëíî. (1.29)
Õî¸ðäóãààð îðîîìîãò àëäàãäàõ àêòèâ ÷àäëûí àëäàãäàë òýíö¿¿ 2
22222 IrIr áàéõ ó÷èð
2212
22222 )/(r)I/I(rr . (1.30)
Õî¸ðäóãààð îðîîìãèéí peàêòèâ ÷àäàë àëäàãäàë òýíö¿¿ 2
22222 IxIx áàéõ ó÷èð
22122 )/(xx . (1.31)
Õî¸ðäóãààð îðîîìãèéí øèëæ¿¿ëñýí á¿ðýí ýñýðã¿¿öýë
22122 )/(ZZ (1.32)
À÷ààëëûí øèëæ¿¿ëñýí á¿ðýí ýñýðã¿¿öýë
221 )/(ZZ ÍÍ (1.33)
Õºðâ¿¿ëñýí òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ö.õ.õ-íèé òýãøèòãýë
).I(II
;rIxIjEZIEU
;rIxIj)E(ZI)E(U
201
222222222
111111111
(1.34)
Ýäãýýð òýãøèòãýë¿¿ä íü õîîñîí ÿâàëòûí ãîðèìîîñ õýâèéí ãîðèìä òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ïàðàìåòð¿¿äûí õîîðîíäûí õàìààðëûã òîãòîîíî.
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ØÓÒÈÑ.ÓÓÈÑ.Óóðõàéí öàõèëãààíæóóëàëò, àâòîìàòæóóëàëòûí áàã. Á.Áàòõèøèã
Òðàíñôîðìàòîðò ÿâàãäàõ öàõèëãààí ñîðîíçîí ïðîöåññûã îéëãîõîä áîëîí òîîöîîã õèéõýä õÿëáàð áîëãîäîã áàñ íýã àðãà áîë îðëóóëãûí ñõåì þì. Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ýêâèâàëåíò ñõåì íü 1.9-ð çóðàã, à-ä ¿ç¿¿ëñýí áàéäàëòàé áîëíî. Ñõåìä îðîîìãóóäûí èäýâõèòýé áà
íºëººìæèéí ýñýðã¿¿öë¿¿äèéã õèéñâýðýýð îðîîìãóóäààñ ñàëãàí òýäãýýðòýé öóâàà õîëáîñîí. Ýêâèâàëåíò ñõåìèéí À áà à áîëîí Õ áà õ öýã¿¿äèéí ïîòåíöèàëóóä àäèë ó÷èð òýäãýýðèéã õîîðîíä íü õîëáîí Ò ìàÿãèéí ñõåìèéã ãàðãàí àâ÷ áîëíî. Ýíý ñõåìä òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí íýã áà õî¸ðäóãààð îðîîìãèéí õîîðîíäûí ñîðîíçîí õîëáîîã öàõèëãààí
õîëáîîãîîð ñîëüñîí áºãººä îðëóóëãûí ñõåì ãýæ íýðëýíý. Óã ñõåìèéí
à÷ààëëûí õºðâ¿¿ëñýí á¿ðýí ýñýðã¿¿öýëýýñ áóñàä ïàðàìåòð¿¿äèéã òóðøèëòààð òîäîðõîéëîõ áîëîìæòîé.
§1.7. Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí âåêòîðûí äèàãðàìì
Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí îðëóóëãûí ñõåì áîëîí ö.õ.õ, ã¿éäëèéí òýãøèòãýë¿¿äèéã àøèãëàí òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ã¿éäýë, ö.õ.õ áà õ¿÷äýëèéí
à) r1 x1
2x 2r
1I
2I
1U 1E
2E 2U HZ
A a
X x
á) r1 x1
2x 2r
1I xm
012 III
1U
21 EE 2U HZ
rm
1.9-ð çóðàã. Øèëæ¿¿ëñýí òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí ñõåì (à) áà îðëóóëãûí ñõåì (á)
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ØÓÒÈÑ.ÓÓÈÑ.Óóðõàéí öàõèëãààíæóóëàëò, àâòîìàòæóóëàëòûí áàã. Á.Áàòõèøèã
õàðüöàà, õîîðîíäûí ôàçûí çºðººã òîä õàðóóëàõ âåêòîðûí äèàãðàììûã áàéãóóëúÿ.
Ýõëýýä ñîðîíçîí óðñãàëûí âåêòîðûã áàéãóóëíà. (1.10-ð çóðàã, à).
Õ.ÿ-ûí ã¿éäëèéí âåêòîð Ômax -ààñ ñîðîíçîí àëäàãäëûí ºíöºã -ãààð
ò¿ð¿¿ëæ (öàãèéí ç¿¿íèé ýñðýã), 21 Å,Å âåêòîðóóä 90Î-ààð õîöîðíî
(öàãèéí ç¿¿íèé äàãóó). 2Å áà 2I -èéí õîîðîíäûí ºíöºã íü à÷ààëëûí
øèíæ ÷àíàðààñ õàìààðíà. À÷ààëàë èäýâõèòýé èíäóêòèâ òîõèîëäîëä
)],()[( 22 HH rr/xxarctg (1.35)
ºíö㺺ð 2I ã¿éäýë 2Å -îîñ õîöîðíî.
2U âåêòîðûã áàéãóóëàõûí òóëä 2Å âåêòîðîîñ õ¿÷äýëèéí óíàëòûí
âåêòîðóóä áîëîõ 22xIj áà 22rIj -ã õàñàõ õýðýãòýé.
Íýãä¿ãýýð îðîîìãèéí ã¿éäëèéí âåêòîðûã )( 101 III
âåêòîðóóäûí íèéëáýðýýð òîäîðõîéëíî. ÿéäëèéã îëñíû äàðàà
111111 rIxIj)E(U âåêòîðûã áàéãóóëíà. / 1E âåêòîð íü Ômax-èéã
90Î-ààð ò¿ð¿¿ëíý./
1.10-ð çóðàã. Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí âåêòîðûí äèàãðàìì
Äèàãðàììûã èäýâõèòýé áàãòààìæèéí à÷ààëàëòàé ¿åä áàéãóóëàâ.
(1.10-ð çóðàã, á)
á)
11xIj
11rI
1U
1E-
1I 2I-
1
2ðI maxÔ
2
2I
2
2U
12 EE
22 xIj-
22rI-
à)
11xIj
11rI
1U
1E-
1
1I
2I-
2ðI
maxÔ
2I 2
2
2U
12 EE
22rI-
22 xIj-