Upload File

heavy timber trusses - woodworks · heavy timber trusses rl “ben” brungraber, phd, pe...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
152
Presented on [Date] by [Author’s Name] (Edit the Master Slide to change this text) Heavy Timber Trusses Workshop: Exposed Connections in Timber Trusses and Structures: Designing for Beauty and Function Presented by RL. Ben Brungraber, PhD, PE Fire Tower Engineered Timber Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board

Upload: others

Post on 17-Mar-2020

7 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Presented on [Date] by [Author’s Name]

(Edit the Master Slide to change this text)

Heavy Timber TrussesWorkshop:

Exposed Connections in Timber Trusses and Structures: Designing for Beauty and Function

Presented by RL. Ben Brungraber, PhD, PE

Fire Tower Engineered Timber

Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by

a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks

or the Softwood Lumber Board

Page 2: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Workshop Description

In timber designs where the structure is an integral part of the architecture, detailing for trusses and member intersections can be particularly challenging. Presented by renowned timber specialists, this workshop will provide insight relevant to both engineers and architects on heavy timber trusses, glulam post and beam and mass timber component connections. Timber truss topics include an overview of heavy timber truss configurations, guidance on their applications and important design considerations. An introduction to modern timber connections will review guiding principles of mass timber connections, custom and prefabricated hardware, codes, and design considerations using project examples. Among topics included are methods for achieving fire resistance, design simplicity and construction efficiency.

Page 3: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Workshop: Learning Objectives

At the end of this program, participants will be able to:

1. Review various heavy timber truss configurations,

applications and important design considerations.

2. Discuss structural design, connection options and

fabrication processes of timber trusses including insight

on specifications and cost.

3. Explore modern glulam and mass timber connection

solutions available including commodity, pre-

engineered and custom designed connections.

4. Explore practical aspects of design such as fire-

resistance, design simplicity and construction efficiency.

Page 4: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Heavy Timber Trusses

RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE

•Loading the trusses – Ridge beams can halve load, etc.

•Analysis – no pins and continuous members

•Eccentric Connections – nearly unavoidable and often preferable

•Deflections – connection slips and deformations are hard to include

•End Wall Trusses – maddeningly common; can be worse than useless

Page 5: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Heavy Timber Truss Connections:• Notches

• Plates (heavy/bolted and toothed/light)

• Rods and Fittings – historic examples

• Machine Shop vs Welding Shop

• Steel tension members? Diagonals

• All-wood members? Tension perpendiculars

Heavy Timber Truss Miscellany

• Lateral Bracing

• The Dark Art of Camber

• Top chord buckling (Bottom chord in load reversals)

• Simple alignment for seasoning in-situ timbers

• End wall drumming

Heavy Timber Truss Types:• Pitched Top Chord (including curved top chord)

• Scissor (including curved bottom chord)

• Parallel Chords

• Miscellaneous/”Mongrel” – Including Collared Rafters

Page 6: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

How DO we “Get Into Stuff?” Me, circa 1973

Page 7: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

A Truss Whisperer is Made

Page 8: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 9: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Bigger Models; More Testing

Page 10: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

A “Fair Fight?”

Page 11: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Bucknell Undergraduate Project – 50’ Pedestrian Bridge; c. 1981

Page 12: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Another Jump in Scale; 240’ Pedestrian Bridge

Page 13: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Timber Framers’ Guild of North America; Guelph, ON 1992

Page 14: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Old School and New School Construction Techniques/Technologies

Page 15: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Pitched Top Chord Trusses

•Span < 80’

•12’ < Spacing < 20’

•1:6 < Slope < 1:16

•1:5 < Span/Depth < 1:7

•Specials: Curved Chord, Scissors, Rods

Page 16: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

“Simple” Trusses

The Quintessential Industrial Revolutionary Truss

Page 17: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 18: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 19: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Diagonals onto King Post and at Roughly Roof Pitch

Page 20: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Traditional Truss Design/Analysis

Write [email protected] if you really

NEED all of this

Page 21: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Corbel and/or Brace Support

Page 22: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Concealed, “Starter Blocks” Hardware at Chords Joint

Page 23: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 24: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 25: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Everyone Ought to get a Chance at a Cathedral

Page 26: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Or, at least, a Church

Page 27: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

A True King Post - Perhaps

the Most Complex Timber

Joint I Have Designed

Page 28: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

What Can Happen, When a

Client Calls Your Bluff?

Page 29: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

“All Wood Joinery”

Page 30: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 31: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Eccentricity in “Heel Plates”

Page 32: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Heavy Sawn Planks, Corbels,

Pegs, & Light Screws

Page 33: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Diagonal Rods in 72’ Spans

Page 34: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 35: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Raising Choreography to Protect Tails

Page 36: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Grand Opening show in new Performing Arts Center

Page 37: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

With 70 kips in Each Rod,

Those are not Shear Bolts

Page 38: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Curved Top Chord – “Bowstring” Trusses

up to 250’ spans

1:6 < span/depth <1:8

top chord radius roughly the span

Page 39: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Scissors Trusses

Page 40: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 41: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

The Scissors Crux Connection

Page 42: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 43: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 44: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 45: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 46: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 47: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 48: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Clasping King Posts

Page 49: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 50: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 51: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 52: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 53: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Scissors Trusses – and Dimensions Change During Process

Page 54: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Concealing the Connectors can be a DRAG

Page 55: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Proud and Relieved Crew

Page 56: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

At Foot of Grandfather Mountain, Boone, NC

Page 57: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 58: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Curved Chords – How to Fabricate Curves?

Page 59: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Trees, Generally, Grow Straight – Pay Attention to This

Page 60: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Curved Chord Trusses

Page 61: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 62: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 63: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 64: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Steam-bent; or CompWood

Page 65: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

The Gehry Hall Winery Visitors’ Center

Page 66: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 67: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

“Curve Issues”: Bending, Radial Tension, and Straightening

Page 68: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

And: “How to Grab Curve Without Undue Damage?”

Page 69: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

King Post Gets a Crown

and a Stirrup Turns Tension

into Compression

Page 70: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Shear Keys Transfer Chord Forces at

Eave Connections

Longer Intersection between Members

Page 71: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Truss Analysis

Page 72: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

So Basic; So Neglected – from Hoyle, Design of Wood Structures

Page 73: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Which Member is the Support?

Page 74: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

The “King Rod/Post” is Crucial Component

Page 75: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Options:• Notch

• Top Plate/Chock

• Pinned Plate

Page 76: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Options:• Straps

• Rod

• Support the Plate

Page 77: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

What we seem to Wish

Page 78: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

But this is “More Realistic”

Page 79: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

The “Actual” Bolt Forces are Quite Complex, Indeed

Cross-Grain Prying Components

Page 80: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Parallel Chord Trusses

•1:8 < Span/Depth < 1:10

•Diagonal Direction Matters, a Lot

•Least Efficient Layout; ignores M & V

•Added Arches – Burr Trusses

•Town Lattice “Truss-Girders”

Page 81: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Parallel Chords

Page 82: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 83: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 84: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 85: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 86: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Best Barn/Shop – Ever. 40’ x 50’ Clear (Basement, too)

Page 87: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Cambering and Adjusting can be “Simple,” with Steel Rods

Page 88: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 89: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Tension in Bottom

Chord can be Minimal

Page 90: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Span/Depth = 1:5

Page 91: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Feng Shui Bad News

Page 92: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Tension Diagonals of Timber – and Panel Length Varies

Page 93: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

My Sole Split Ring Job

Page 94: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Compression Diagonals of

Timber

Note “Diagonal-Free” center

panel

Page 95: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Tension Diagonals of Steel

Note: Rod Angle Changes

Page 96: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Overly Sloped Rods – Add Apparent Length

Page 97: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 98: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

The Golden Age of Heavy Timber Trusses

[email protected] for ALL of this

Page 99: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Industrial Revolution Trusses

Page 100: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 101: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 102: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Industrial Revolution Ripoffs – 2 Timbers & 3 Rods

Page 103: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 104: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 105: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

1 Timber, 2 Rods

Page 106: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Avoid Turnbuckles to Increase Capacity and Reduce Depth

Page 107: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

One Timber and Both 1 and 2 Rods

Page 108: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

A “Barn Full of Fun”

Page 109: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Context for Truss

Page 110: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Plumb Posts can get SO

Boring, after a while

Page 111: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 112: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

This Might Just Be “My Best Shot, Ever”

Page 113: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Concealed Steel

Page 114: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 115: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Celebrated Steel

Page 116: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

It’s ALL About the Hardware

Page 117: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 118: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Hardware

Page 119: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

We see this, and worse, all the time

Page 120: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 121: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 122: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Notches

Page 123: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 124: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 125: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 126: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 127: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Collared Rafters

“Raised Chord Trusses”

•Collar Strut, Tie, or Beam?

•Failing Roofs for Centuries

Page 128: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 129: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

“Fire, Ready, Aim”

Page 130: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Slate Roof AND $70,000

worth of windows “pre-

installed”

Page 131: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

In Tension, Compression, or

“Minimal?”

It’s All About the Supports

Page 132: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Collar Strut, Tie, or BEAM

Page 133: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Humans have been repairing

these for n-2 years;

Where: n = Number of Years

ago the first ones were built

Page 134: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

A Truss? Tied Eaves – NO Compression Capacity

Page 135: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Curved/Collared?

Page 136: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Modeling the Connections; Blade to Rafters and Collar

Page 137: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

“Other Trusses”

Vierendeel Truss and/or Girder

Page 138: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

(Ithiel, Architect) Town Lattice Trusses

Page 139: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Point Load at Support – The Tough Spot

Page 140: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 141: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 142: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Non-Trusses

Page 143: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 144: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Lots of Elements AND My Stupidest “Truss” – (so far)

Page 145: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 146: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous
Page 147: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

A “Minor Dip” in the Ridge is NOT Minor – in a 1000’ Ridge

Page 148: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Supporting a 1000’ Wooden Balloon –

Using 150’ Steel Needles

Page 149: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Previous Repair Splints – but Still Looking Troubled, Back There

Page 150: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Just How Troubled IS it? 4” & 6” Heavy Planks, 180’ Up

Page 151: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Would you drive a Suburban across this?

Page 152: Heavy Timber Trusses - WoodWorks · Heavy Timber Trusses RL “Ben” Brungraber, PhD, PE •Loading the trusses –Ridge beams can halve load, etc. •Analysis –no pins and continuous

Maybe THIS Rig, and only very quickly


STRENGTHENING TECHNOLOGY OF TIMBER … technology of timber trusses by patch plates with toothed-plate connectors ... bridle joints,

FIXING & BRACING GUIDELINES FOR - ETRUSSetruss.com.au/Truss Installation manual.pdfstrength of both timber and connections. 7. If trusses have been designed for timber fascias, do

Timber spatial trusses using hollow bars

Installation Guidelines for Timber Roof Trusses - pryda.com.au · Installation Guidelines for Timber Roof Trusses (to be read in conjunction with AS4440-2004) September 2016 4. 1.9

generation of natural structure Super Tall Timber: design ... · timber trusses.3 Further incremental advances in timber buildings will continue, ... for a similar step-change in

Analysis of timber trusses using semi-rigid joints

Behaviour and rehabilitation of queen post timber trusses ... · Behaviour and rehabilitation of queen post timber trusses: A case study M. del ~enno' & M. piazza2 1 TTl Trees and

Truss facts book - BurnshaTruss fact book | 5 The evolution of trusses The evolution of trusses In only a few decades, timber trusses have almost completely replaced traditional roof

Installation Guidelines for Timber Roof Trusses - · PDF fileInstallation Guidelines for Timber Roof Trusses (to be read in conjunction with AS4440-2004) September 2016 4. 1.9 TRUSS

Numerical simulation of framed joints in sawn-timber roof trusses · 2018. 4. 5. · of sawn timber –also termed solid timber– in traditio-nal carpentry joints (Kessel, 1995)

Timber Roof Trusses Industry Safety Standard 1410

STRENGTHENING TECHNOLOGY OF TIMBER TRUSSES BY …

Pryda Australia: Timber Connectors & Roof Trusses Supplier

Parallel Chord Trusses - Pine Design Truss and Timber · Parallel Chord Trusses MultiStrut, SteelWood and SpanJoist Australia On Site installation Guide

Ch 07 Heavy Timber and Mill Construction

Steel Tension Ring for Timber Octagon · PDF fileSteel Tension Ring for Timber Octagon Trusses Traditional & Steel Joint Held with Bolts Vermont Timber Works, Inc | vermonttimberworks.com

KPFF + Heavy Timber

Guidelines for TIMBER ROOF TRUSSES - Timber Truss … Truss Fixing and Bracing... · timber roof trusses fixing & bracing guidelines for timber roof trusses vic (03) 8795 8888 nsw

The Guide - O'Sheas Timber & Trusses€¦ · “The Guide” is intended to be used only for roof trusses supplied by accredited Multinail Truss Fabricators. "The Guide" is intended

Timber Roof Trusses - VETRes · TIMBeR RooF TRUsses TAFe nsW Training and education support Industry skills Unit orange and Granille 5 TRUss TYPes The following elevation drawings

The Application of Traditional and Modern Heavy Timber Connections

Prestige Sectional Buildings · Roof Profile 3 corrugated cement fibre sheets fitted on timber roof trusses. (Garages over 12’-7” wide fitted with steel roof trusses as standard)

Truss facts book...The evolution of trusses The evolution of trusses In only a few decades, timber trusses have almost completely replaced traditional roof construction methods. Their

Roof Trusses - Open Web Joists - Timber Frame - Spandrel Panels … · 2019-04-26 · The versatility of roof trusses knows no bounds. From standard mono trusses offering a simple

Timber Roof Trusses - TAFE NSW · PDF fileTruss types and connectors for gable and hip roofs and the erection procedure for ... TG - Truncated girder (truss), TS ... TIMBER ROOF TRUSSES

 · Floor Framing Details (letters refer to iilustration at bottom of p, 148) ... A Variety of Timber-Frame Trusses . Typical Timber Frame . Timber Frame Joinery I-IOU

Secondary stresses in bowstring timber trusses

Installation Guidelines for Timber Roof Trusses...Installation Guidelines for Timber Roof Trusses (to be read in conjunction with AS4440-2004) September 2016 2. 1.4 SERVICES 1.4.1

FIXING & BRACING GUIDELINES FOR - Engtruss … & BRACING GUIDELINES FOR TIMBER ROOF TRUSSES The Roof Trusses you are about to install have been manufactured to engineering standards

Design Guide for Timber Roof Trusses...Timber Roof Truss drawing with Maxwell stress diagrams. Source: The Design of Simple Roof Trusses in Wood and Steel by Malverd A. Howe, 1903

Design Guide for Timber Roof Trusses · 2020. 9. 8. · Design Guide for Timber Roof Trusses August 2020 . TFEC 4-2020 Page 2 ... it becomes a two-step process. The first step is

Light and Heavy Timber Framing Made Easy 1000020079

Parallel Chord Trusses - Timber Suppliers · Parallel Chord Trusses MultiStrut, SteelWood and SpanJoist Australia On Site installation Guide. ... Strongback Splicing at Change of

STEEL BUILDING SYSTEM - Eastland Truss & Timber, Port ...eastlandtruss.com.au/wp-content/.../AusSteel-System...Roof Trusses The trusses used in the Ultimate Steel Building System have

Light and Heavy Timber Framing Made Easy