Pukyong National University

Dong-In Lee

22 October 2013

2013 APEC Typhoon Symposium

Heavy rainfall observation in Jeju Island,

Korea (2012-2013)

NIMR

: : 2009/6/5 ~ 8/12

Jeju & Marado

: 2006/6/22 ~ 7/12

2012/6/25 ~ 7/15

2013/6/13 ~ 7/18

Ieodo

: 2007/6/8 ~ 6/14

: 2008/6/22 ~ 7/8

: 2009/6/7 ~ 6/24

: 2010/6/29 ~ 7/8

2011/6/15 ~ 7/8

2012/6/29 ~ 7/7

Chujado

: 2007/6/21 ~ 7/10

: 2009/6/24 ~ 7/18

Kanto

: 2010/10 ~

2011/11

Taramajima

: 2007/6/2 ~ 6/17

Taiwan

: 2008/5/15 ~ 6/30

: 2010/5/20 ~ 6/16 Okinawa

: 2010/5/31 ~ 6/21

: 2010/6/22 ~ 12/30

2011/5/23 ~ 6/17

Intensive Observation Campaign (GRL-PHONE)

Introduction

to investigate the heavy rainfall over Mt. Halla in Jeju Island

during the Changma season (IOP-2012 & 2013).

The purpose of this study

Width: 78 km

Length: 35 km

Height: 1,950 m

Topography of Jeju Island (interval: 200 m)

2

3

1 Orography plays an important role

in controlling cloud formation,

amount and precipitation

distribution. (Lin, 2007)

The size and shape of topography

has a profound effect on the ultimate

distribution of flow and precipitation

around the ground. (Houze, 2011)

To prevent or reduce natural

disaster by orographic precipitation,

actual observation and accurate

analysis is necessary.

Lee et al. (2012) analyzed the enhancement mechanism of an precipitation system using

dual S-band Doppler radar data in 2007.

In previous study, the detailed 3–dimensional radar data analyses indicated that an isolated

elliptic–shaped mountain of Jeju Island modified low–level wind and generated local wind

convergence zone.

(Lee et al., 2012)

It is necessary to investigate the enhancement mechanism of precipitation system passing

around Jeju Island in Changma season because it was one of the case study.

Previous study

to investigate the heavy rainfall over Mt. Halla in Jeju Island

during the Changma season (IOP-2012 & 2013).

The purpose of this study

• Period : 25 June ~ 15 July 2012

• Instruments :

– KMA

• 2 S-band Doppler radars

• 1 GPS sonde

• 23 Raingauges

– PKNU

• 1 GPS sonde, Automatic weather

system (Supersite)

• 7 Parsivel

• 13 Raingauges

Intensive Observation on Jejodo in 2012

Topography of Jeju Island

PR1 PR2 PR3

PR4 PR5

PR6 PR7

975 m

The height of parsivel site

Image of site in 2012

Observation sites

PR1

PR2 PR3

PR4

PR5 PR6

PR7

R1

R2

R6

R3

R4

R5

S1

Intensive Observation on Jejodo in 2013

S1

S2

S3

2D1

2D2

2D3

PR1

PR2

PR3

PR4

PR5

PR6

PR7

RG1

RG3 RG2

RG5

RG4

• PKNU

– 2 GPS sondes & 1 LPC

– 2 Automatic weather systems

– 3 Ultrasonic anemometers

– 15 Raingauges

– 1 2DVD & 6 Parsivels

• KNU - 1 2DVD

• IJU - 1 2DVD & 2 Parsivels

• KMA & NIMR

– 2 S-band Doppler radars

– 1 GPS sonde & Mobile sonde

– 23 Raingauges

• GISANG 1 HO

– 1 GPS sonde & 1 PM10

– 1 Automatic weather system

Topography of Jeju Island

Image of site in 2013

RG1

RG3

RG2

RG5

RG4

S1

S2

2D1

2D2

2D3

PR1

PR2

PR3

PR4

PR5

PR6

PR7

Remote Surveillance System

Monitor

Mobile

• Display contents

- Network status

- S/W status

- Running time and restart time

Developed Software program

• The real-time display program using 2DVD data

• Display contents

– Rain rate vs Time

– Velocity vs Diameter

– Oblateness vs Diameter

– Drop Size Distribution

– Filter setting function to revise the particle of excessive fall velocity (Kruger and Krajewski,

2002 : 2DVD description)

2DVD display program

2012 Case (13 July 2012)

2013 Case (26 June 2013)

Case overview in 2012 & 2013

2012 Case (13 July 2012)

2013 Case (26 June 2013)

Synoptic analysis in 2012 & 2013

Radar analysis & Sounding in 2012

2012. 07. 13 09:00 LST

(Before precipitation)

2012. 07. 13 15:00 LST

(After precipitation)

• Reflectivity distribution at 2 km ASL

from 1100 to 1320 LST on 13 July

2012

• Intense reflectivity exceeding 51 dBZ

observed on north and northeast sides

of Jeju Island

Radar analysis : 2012. 07. 13. 11:50 ~ 13:00 LST

Reflectivity distribution at 2 km ASL from 1150 to 1300 LST

on 13 July 2012

Retrieved horizontal wind (u-v) and reflectivity

Convergence and reflectivity (cross section)

Convergence and reflectivity

Wind field analysis : 2012. 07. 13. 12:00 ~ 12:50 LST

s-1

dBZ 1200 LST 1210 LST

1220 LST

1240 LST 1250 LST

1230 LST

1220 LST 1230 LST 1240 LST 1210 LST

2012

Con.

Div. (35dbz↑)

PR3 PR4 PR5 PR6

(Liou et al., 2012)

Parsivel analysis : 2012. 07. 13. 11:40 ~ 12:50 LST

PR1

PR2

PR5

PR3

PR7

PR6

PR4

PR3 PR2

PR7 PR6 PR5

Analysis of DSD parameter and contribution ratio

Median volume diameter and total number concentration (upper), normalized contribution ratio of

rain amount in each site (bottom).

Summary in 2012

Parameter 2012 Case

Synoptic condition

Date & Time 1150 -1300 LST 13 July

Location of Changma front

North of Jeju Island

Surface humidity & wind

Moist southwesterly (~ 10 m/s)

Rainfall System

Moving direction southwest to northeast

Maximum reflectivity

51 dBZ north and northeast sides

Wind field convergence and updraft in

forward direction

Drop size distribution

-high number concentration in PR2 with small size rain drops (< 0.3 mm)

- high number concentration in PR6 with middle and large size rain drops (> 3 mm)

Radar analysis & Sounding in 2013

06.25 2100 LST

(Before precipitation) 06.26 0300 LST

(During precipitation)

06.26 0900 LST

(After precipitation)

• Reflectivity distribution at 2 km ASL

from 0200 to 0340 LST on 16 June

2013

• Relatively strong reflectivity

exceeding 42 dBZ observed on lateral

side of Jeju Island

Radar analysis : 2013. 06. 26. 02:10 ~ 03:20 LST Site

Height(m)

Reflectivity distribution at 2 km ASL from 0210 to 0320 LST

on 26 June 2013

Retrieved horizontal wind (u-v) and reflectivity

Convergence and reflectivity (cross section)

Convergence and reflectivity

Wind field analysis : 2013. 06. 26. 02:10 ~ 03:20 LST

s-1

Con.

Div. (35dbz↑)

Longitude (。)

La

titu

de

(。

) dBZ

0220 LST 0230 LST

0240 LST 0250 LST

0300 LST 0310 LST

0230 LST 0240 LST 0250 LST 0300 LST 0310 LST 0220 LST

2D2 PR3 PR2 PR2 2D3 PR3 2D3 2D2 PR2 PR2 PR3

(Liou et al., 2012)

PR1 02:10

PR2 3:10

PR3 3:20

PR4 3:40

PR5 2:50

PR6 2:30

PR7 2:20

S1 2:00

S2 2:50

Rain gauge analysis : 2013. 06. 26. 00:00 – 06:00 LST

Site

Height(m)

2D3

Parsivel & 2DVD analysis

2D1 PR1

PR5

PR2

PR6

PR4

PR7

PR3

Summary in 2013

Parameter 2013 Case

Synoptic condition

Date & Time 0210 - 0320 LST 26 June

Location of Changma front

Center of Jeju Island

Surface humidity & wind

Moist strong southwesterly (> 20 m/s)

Rainfall System

Moving direction southwest to northeast

Maximum reflectivity

42 dBZ north and south sides

Wind field convergence and updraft in

forward direction

Drop size distribution

-high number concentration at PR2, PR3, and PR5 (north) with small size rain drops (< 2 mm)

- high number concentration at PR4 (northeast) and PR6 (southwest) with large size rain drops (>6 mm)

Parameter 2012 Case 2013 Case

Synoptic condition

Date & Time 1150 -1300 LST 13 July 0210 - 0320 LST 26 June

Location of Changma front

North of Jeju Island Center of Jeju Island

Surface humidity & wind

Moist southwesterly (~ 10 m/s)

Moist strong southwesterly (> 20 m/s)

Rainfall System

Moving direction southwest to northeast southwest to northeast

Maximum reflectivity

51 dBZ north and northeast sides

42 dBZ north and south sides

Wind field convergence and updraft in

forward direction convergence and updraft in

forward direction

Drop size distribution

-high number concentration in PR2 with small size rain drops (< 0.3 mm)

- high number concentration in PR6 with middle and large size rain drops (> 3 mm)

-high number concentration at PR2, PR3, and PR5 (north) with small size rain drops (< 2 mm)

- high number concentration at PR4 (northeast) and PR6 (southwest) with large size rain drops (>6 mm)

Conclusion

Future study

To investigate the relation and comparison between these different effects and mesoscale gravity wave by

topography in developing precipitation mechanism, we will analyze the model simulation and

microphysics on DSD-Parameter (D0, Nt, Λ, μ, N0 etc.).

References

Houze, R. A. Jr., 2011: Orographic effects on precipitating clouds. Rev. Geophys., doi:10.1029/2011RG000365.

Jung, S.-A, D.-I. Lee, B.J.-D. Jou, H. Uyeda, 2012: Microphysical Properties of Maritime Squall Line Observed on

June 2, 2008 in Taiwan. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 90, 833-850

Kato, T., M. Yoshizaki, K. Bessho, T. Inoue, Y. Sato and X- BAIU-01 observation group, 2003: Reason for the failure

of the simulation of heavy rainfall during X-BAIU-01- Importance of a vertical profile of water vapor for

numerical simulations. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 81, 993-1013.

Lee, K.-O., H. Uyeda, S. Shimizu, D.-I. Lee, 2012: Dual-Doppler radar analysis of the enhancement of a precipitation

system on the northern side of Mt. Halla, Jeju Island, Korea on 6 July 2007. Atmos. Res., 118, 133–152.

Lin, Y.-L., 2007: Mesoscale dynamics, Cambridge University Press, 442-488.

Liou, Y.-C and Y.-J. Chang, 2012: An Application of the Immersed Boundary Method for Recovering the Three-

Dimensional Wind Fields over Complex Terrain Using Multiple-Doppler Radar Data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140,

1603-1618.

Neiman, P. J., 2003: Private communication.

Tsuboki, K. and A. Sakakibara, 2002: Large-scale parallel computing of Cloud Resolving Storm Simulator. H. P. Zima

and et al., Eds., High Performance Computing, Springer, 243–259.

1200 LST 1210 LST

1220 LST 1230 LST

1240 LST 1250 LST

1220 LST 1230 LST 1240 LST 1210 LST

Retrieved horizontal wind (u-v) and reflectivity

W and reflectivity (cross section)

W and reflectivity ms-1

2012

(35dbz↑)

PR3 PR4 PR5 PR6

Wind field analysis : 2012. 07. 13. 12:00 ~ 12:50 LST

0220 LST 0230 LST

0240 LST 0250 LST

0300 LST 0310 LST

W and reflectivity (cross section)

W and reflectivity ms-1

(35dbz↑) Retrieved horizontal wind (u-v) and reflectivity

0230 LST 0240 LST 0250 LST 0220 LST 0300 LST 0310 LST

2D2 PR3 PR2 PR2 2D3 PR3 2D3 2D2 PR2 PR2 PR3

Longitude (。)

La

titu

de

(。

)

dBZ

Wind field analysis : 2013. 06. 26. 02:10 ~ 03:20 LST