heating and cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

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Heating and Cooling with Geothermal Energy Dr. Burkhard Sanner European Geothermal Energy Council, Brussels Geothermische Vereinigung e.V., Geeste 6 th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Panel: Renewable Energy for Heating and Cooling Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Oct. 6-8, 2005

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Dr Burkhard Sanner - Heating and Cooling With geothermal energy

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Page 1: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Heating and Cooling with Geothermal Energy

Dr. Burkhard Sanner

European Geothermal Energy Council, Brussels

Geothermische Vereinigung e.V., Geeste

6th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

Panel: Renewable Energy for Heating and Cooling

Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Oct. 6-8, 2005

Page 2: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal Energy can be spectacular!

Geysirs and volcanoes show the earth heat

Photos of US Geological Survey

Page 3: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to find…

Geothermal experts looking for traces of the system

Page 4: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to find…

Office building “Technorama” at Düsseldorf airport

Office building heated and cooled by geothermal heatpumps since 1991

Externally, no traces of the ground system are visible. Inside, only heat pumps andpiping can be seen

Page 5: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal Energy

Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California

Definition:

Geothermal Energy is energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of thesolid earth

(This definition is

official in Germany,

in guideline

VDI 4640)

Page 6: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy world-wide

Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California

Page 7: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy in EU

Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California

Page 8: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues.

High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications

The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU

Page 9: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

A short glimpse at geothermal power

Photo courtesy of ENEL/ERGA, Italy

First experiment to produce geo-thermal power, done in Italy in 1904 by prince Ginori Conti

Modern geothermal power plants in Larderello, Italy

Photos: Lund

Page 10: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

A short glimpse at geothermal power

Bad Blumau (Austria)

ORC-turbine• 250 kW el. output• air-cooledoperational since end of 2000

(Photos: Prmat/Rogner)

Page 11: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

A short glimpse at geothermal power

Principle of EGS system for geothermal power production

Drilling rig at the European R&D site Soultz-sous-Forêts (F)

Page 12: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues.

High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications

Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture

The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU

Page 13: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Potential after Shell-study

The Potential of Geothermal Energy in EU

Page 14: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Deep Geothermal Energy

doublet system, used since the late 1970s in France and since 1984 in (Eastern) Germany

Geothermal heating plant Neustadt-Glewe photo O. Joswig

Page 15: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Deep Geothermal Energy

Cross-border geothermal district heating for the cities Simbach (D) and Braunau (A)

Geological cross-section

Graph: Geoteam

Page 16: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

• In most countries, geothermal district heating needs some investment support, reduced interest loans, etc. to become economic.

• Cascade uses (district heating, industry, agri-culture, and other) improves economy, but usually are very difficult to achieve due to business obstacles, distances, etc.

• The main financial obstacle is the heat distribution network (example: Bruchsal, D)

• For heat distribution, Eastern European countries may have an advantage due to existing networks

Deep Geothermal Energy

Page 17: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal greenhouse in Nigrita, Greece

Cultivation of spirulinaalgae using geothermalheat

Geothermal Greenhouses

Page 18: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal tomato drying in Northern Greece

The finished product

Geothermal application inthe food industry

Page 19: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal fish drying in Northern Iceland

The finished product

Fish factory in Laugar, Iceland

Geothermal application inthe food industry

Page 20: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues.

High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications

Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture

Shallow geothermal energy – geothermal heat pumps everywhere

The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU

Page 21: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

• In France, heat from geothermal district heating carries the full VAT, natural gas only a reduced value

• In Poland, projects are affected by not adequate mining law, many taxes, fees and royalties. These expenses are too high compared to the annual heat sales, even in the biggest plant

Remarks from various countries

Page 22: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

• For shallow geothermal systems, in several countries a market-driven economy exists. This is further boosted by the current oil price development

• These countries comprise Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and to a lesser extend Norway, Netherlands, etc.

Shallow Geothermal Energy

Page 23: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Shallow Geothermal Energy

Geothermal heating atthe Polar Circle: Hotel Storforsen, Älvsby, Sweden33 BHE each 160 m deep

Heatpum ps

(2 x 113 kW )prim ary circuit

Coolingm achines

refrigeratorsfreezers

33 Borehole heat exchangers each 160 m deep

H X H X

H X: H eat ExchangerE-boiler: E lectric heating (peak/back-up)TD : Tow el D ryingH W -St.: H ot W ater S torage

R echarge C ooling(room air)

secondary circ.

E -boiler

H X

Sw im m ing pool

F loorheating

H X

cold tap w ater

E-boiler

w arm tapw ater

TDH W -St.

DHW

Page 24: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

• A transition is underway of GSHP technology into two new areas:

• Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating

Shallow Geothermal Energy

Page 25: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Shallow Geothermal Energy

Heating and cooling of the guesthouse of the European

Centre for public law „Meduca“

in Legraina, Greece

2 groundwater heat pumps

GSHP for cooling (and heating) with ground-water wells, for a supermarket in Mersin, Turkey

Page 26: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

• A transition is underway of GSHP technologyinto two new areas:

• Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating

• Eastern and Southeastern Europe, where slowly a demand for more comfort in houses is growing, and a group of people who can afford it.

• Countries are in particular Czech Republic and Poland, with others following

Shallow Geothermal Energy

Page 27: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sector

Annual heat pump sales in Germany, according to heat sources (after data from IZW, Hannover and BWP, Munich)

Heat pumps used for hot tap water only are not includedData for 2004 preliminary

Page 28: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sector

Heat Pump installations in Sweden (from SVEP)

Development of GSHP installations in Switzerland, in MWth

(from Kohl et al., 2002)

Page 29: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal energy use in the EU 2002 (after data from BMU, 2004)

Some statistics on geothermal energy use

6000

2290

1590

1483

570

510

140

130

100

60 30 20 10 2

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

IT SE FR

DE (BMU)

AT DEGR PT SF BE NL

DK UK IR LU SP

GW

h/a

Page 30: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal energy use in the enlarged EU 2004 (18 of 25 member countries, new members are shown in black).

The valuesare mainlyvalid for 1999 and are taken from the country update reports ofWGC 2000

Some statistics on geothermal energy use

5451

1360

1147

1135

589

447

436

196

166

138

135

107

76 36 21 16 6

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

IT FR SE HU SK AT DE SL LT PT SF GR PL CZ BE DK NL UK

GW

h/a

Page 31: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament

Heat- and Cold Storage, heat source waste heat from Combined Heat- and Power-Generation (CHP) during summertime

Page 32: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament

Map of the Parliament Buildings

View from Chancellor´s office towards the Parliament building

Page 33: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament

Heating- and Cooling-Network for the Parliament Buildings

cold ATES

w arm ATES

ca. 60 m below ground

>300 mbelow ground

R upel c lay (Aquitard)

B iofuel

C H P: heat, e l. pow er

R eichstag-bu ild ing

M arie-E lisabeth-Lüders-B ldg.

Paul-Löbe-Build ing

Jakob-Kaiser-

Build ingH eat storage

C old storage

piping shown in fig. 6

Page 34: Heating and Cooling with geothermal energy.ppt

Thank you für your attention!

www.egec.org

www.geothermie.de