Heating and Cooling for Smart Cities

Wolfram Sparber Bolzano, November 2015Head of Institute for Renewable Energy

President SEL spa

Vice President – EU Technology Platform Renewable Heating and Cooling

Energy supply … today

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zeit.de

Coal power plant, Scholven GelsenkirchenFoto: Jackpanama

Cities … today

Bilder von Städten

- Smog - Verschmutzung

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China, Bejing 29th January 2013n-tv.de

Energy supply - Italy~ 85% fossil energy sources / ~84% imported energy sources

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Folie mit Nationalen Daten für Strom

Strategia Energetica Nazionale

Marzo 2013

Source: M. Donnely – EU Commission,

Data 2008, Gross final energy demand

Energy demand - Europe (Mtoe)

European Frame and Target

“… The Commission will outline a pathway for the EU's transition to a low carbon economy by 2050, to achieve the EU agreed objective to reduce emissions by 80-95%, …”

European Comission, Com (2010) 86 final, Brussels 09.03.2010

Role of cities in the EU Energy picture

“…Indeed, local governments play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of climate change, all the more so when considering that 80% of energy consumption and CO2 emissions is associated with urban activity …”

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Covenant of mayors - www.covenantofmayors.eu

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Sustainable Heating and Cooling

for cities & districts

City centers energy supply … In city centers the possibility of installing technologies exploiting

renewable energy sources is limited. Further more there is a strong interest to reduce the number of burning points and herewith the emissions on sight.

9Modern & historical city centre (Source: iNSPiRE, city of Bolzano)

District heating (and cooling) systems

Allows to transport centralized produced heat by cogeneration, renewables and or waste heat into city centers with a high urban density

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SEL – Ecotherm Outlook on the district heating and cooling system under construction in Bolzano

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Biomass HeatingSEL Group – District Heating Sesto – Alto Adige

Kollektorfeld dänemark …

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Solar thermalPlanEnergi – District Heating Marstal - Denmark

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Biomass Combined Heat & PowerSEL Group – District Heating Silandro – Alto Adige

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Geothermal Heat or Combined Heat & PowerInstallation in Island, Gretar Ívarsson - Nesjavellir

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Large scale heat pumpsA2A – Installation in Milan; source Friotherm AG

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Waste incineration – Combined Heat & PowerWaste incineration in Bolzano – Alto Adige; source Atzwanger

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Natural Gas - Combined Heat & PowerSEL Group – District Heating Bolzano – Alto Adige

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Thermal Energy StorageSEL Group – District Heating Bolzano – Alto Adige

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Thermal Seasonal Energy StoragePLanEnergi – District Heating Marstal - Denmark

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Very low temperature DHC systemsEURAC – H2020 Project Flexynets

Advanced industry energy concepts

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Gullon Biscuits

(Spain)

Bossa

(Turkey)

SCM foundry

(Italy)reemain.eu

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Sustainable Heating and Cooling

for buildings

Buildings …

Are a major energy consumer There is a huge potential to enhance the energy efficiency (up

to 80% energy reduction of existing buildings) Buildings last and are being used for many decades The renovation rate of the building stock is very low (in EU 1 –

1,5% per year)

The EU average energy demand is: Average heating demand 140-150 kWh/m2/y Average cooling demand 30-50 kWh/m2/y in the south Average DHW demand 20-25 kWh/m2/y

23Source: Eurac, FP7 iNSPiRe

Overall energy demand in EU 27 building stock

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500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Residential buildings Office buildings

Tota

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rgy

cons

umpt

ion

TW

h/y

Building Tiype

Total Energy Consumption in European Building Stock

Heating Cooling DHW Lighting Source: Eurac, FP7 iNSPiRe2014 Project Report D2.1a

The total residential floor area in the EU-27 is approximately 17.6 billion m2.

Refurbishment of buildings …

Is a key element in order to reach a sustainable energy provision for our cities

Both action on single buildings as well as whole districts is needed in order to reach visible results within the next years

In the following examples are shown of technologies and research fields EURAC is working on in order to support such a development

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Prefabricated refurbishment kits

In order to lower the cost, enhance the installation time and allow industrial fabrication renovation kits are developed in a European project including research and industry partners

inspirefp7.eu

Solar energy integration possibilities

Direct coupling of PV facades and decentralized heat pumps for heating, cooling & domestic hot water

Decentralized façade mounted solar thermal systems including storage

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Source: Clivet, Pink, Halfen

Façade modules including solar

Integration of solar thermal collectors, storage and distribution into metal glass facade modules for tertiary applications

Hydraulics/aeraulicselaboration and design

Enhanced comfort & energy efficiency for historical buildings

Preservation

Conservation

Comfort

Individual solutions

Energy efficiency

Integration of renewables

29effesus.eu

Lime plaster

Roughly squared yellow porphyry

AIR CAVITY

Exterior Interior

Timber laths and battens

Lime mortar

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Application of advanced materials

Enhance thermal comfort and energy efficiency through advanced materials

Example polyester fiber with aerogel dust as spacefill in walls of historic buildings

Enhanced sustainability for shopping centers energy supply

31commonenergyproject.eu

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PASSIVE SOLUTIONS

(WP2)

ACTIVE SOLUTIONS

(WP3)

1. Light weight ventilated facade

2. PCM insulation material

3. Aerating windows

1. ORC units

2. Ab/Adsorption chillers

Reduction of the energy demand (heating, cooling, electricity)

More efficient heating, cooling and electricity energy production

Biomass, Geothermal &

Sun

Retrofitting solution packages for public buildings

bricker-project.com

Conclusions … Sustainable heating and cooling for smart

cities is possible Both action on single buildings and energy

provision installations is needed as well as a clear concept for the overall city area development

District Heating and Cooling systems allow with single decisions and in few years a large scale exchange of the existing heating technologies and herewith eventually a strong reduction of emissions

A multi annual plan, combined with support and obligations is regarded as necessary 33

Thank you for the attentionPresentation elaborated with support from and based on the work of

many collaborators of the Institute for Renewable Energy

Wolfram Sparber www.eurac.edu