ART 1 The Principles of Design

balance emphasis

contrast movement

rhythm and pattern unity

scale or proportion

HEATHER CUESTA, MFA

Balance

In the visual arts, there two types of balance: symmetrical and asymmetrical.

In Symmetrical balance, left and right sides are equivalent, split by a central axis.

In asymmetrical balance, colors or shapes with a heavier visual weight are countered by strong colors or shapes on the other side.

Balance is achieved when opposing forces find equality.

All over pattern is another form of balance, covering the entire canvas with objects of equal weight.

Match the images to the terms

a. asymmetrical balance b. allover pattern c. symmetrical balance

12

3

4

5

Emphasis (and Subordination)Emphasis is the focal point of the painting. Subordinate areas support the focal point.

Which object is emphasized?

What are the ways in which the designer emphasizes the object?

1 2

3 4

Josef Mueller-Brockmann,Swiss Air poster

ContrastDissimilar elements are juxtaposed to create a contrast. Contrast may exist in the form of texture, color, shape or subject matter.

Describe some of the contrasts you see

What are the ways in which the designer creates contrast?

1 2

3 45

Movement (Directional Forces)Directional forces are paths our eyes take when exploring a work of art. What are the directional forces in these designs?

What are some of the ways the designer creates the sense of movement?

1 2

3

4

5

Rhythm and Pattern (Repetition)Repetition of visual elements gives unity to a composition. Rhythm is achieved by repeating images with slight variations.

1 2

3 4

Unity and VarietyUnity is the characteristic of oneness. Works of art may be unified by the repetition of a certain shape, color or other element. Variation serves to counter unity, providing visual interest.

What are some of the characteristics that unify these works?

Which elements did the designer change to add variety?

1 2

3

4

5