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Heat Treating SteelBy: Louie Mysse Brandon Okerlund

TemperingAnnealingStress RelievingNormalizingQuenching

Heat Treatment Processes

Reheating a Hardened Material Increases Ductility and ToughnessThree ComponentsTemperatureTimeCooling RateTempering

Heating and holding a suitable temperature followed by an appropriate cooling rate.Quenching has to occurProduces desirable changes in the material properties or microstructure

Annealing

Relieves stresses that remain locked in a structure as a consequence of a manufacturing sequenceWeldingCutting with a torchMachiningStress-Relief

Both Thermal and Microstructure point of viewThermalHeating then cooled in still or slightly agitated air

Normalizing

Rapid cooling of steel from an elevated temperatureTypical Quenching techniquesWaterOilAir

Quenching

What is the hardness required?Refer to Heat Treaters GuideHow Deep do You Need the Treatment?CaseThroughWhat type of Heat Treatment is required?Tempering, Annealing, Stress-Relief, Normalizing, Quenching

How To Heat Treat In Shop

Turn On FurnaceSet To Appropriate TemperatureDetermine from referencesPlace Metal In Furnace When Up to TemperatureLeave for determined timeRemove and Immediately Quench Quench in appropriate fluidOil, Water, AirRe-Set Furnace Temperature (Tempering)Place Metal Back in Furnace (Tempering)Leave for determined timeRemove and Cool at Designated Rate (Tempering)How To Heat Treat In Shop

Sample Annealing Video

Establish the type of steel that will be usedDetermine the desired propertiesHardnessCase/ThroughChoose the proper quenching technique

Ordering Heat Treating Processes

Metals Handbook Desk Edition, Second Edition.JR Davis, Davis and Associates, 1998, ASM InternationalSteel Aluminum Stock List and Reference Book,Jorgensen Steel, Earle M. Jorgensen Co., 1998. (Section S.)

References