HEAT & THE ATMOSPHEREUNIT 3 CHAPTERS 9 & 17

Poirier

Copy these words INB pg 35 Kinetic Theory Temperature Heat Specific Heat Melting Freezing Vaporization

Boiling Condensation Thermal

expansion Conduction Convection Radiation

Ch 9 text book - define the word and give an example

HEAT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1eAOygDP5s

TAKES (absorbs) energy to change solid to liquid to gas

RELEASES (gives off) energy to change gas to liquid to solid

Heat Budget incoming energy = outgoing energy (small excess in incoming due to greenhouse gasses)

Review of the Heat Budget

Insolation - in coming solar radiation

Earth receives ~one two-billionth of the Sun’s energy that travels over 150 million km

How does the Sun’s Energy get here?

Transfer of heat https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Y3mfA

GVn1c&index=2&list=PLfWzdt-EmKBsIWxbvOj_uqGoZ5kPb6IdH

For our purposes, heat = energy

How does the Sun’s Energy get here?

Transfer of Energy

Radiation - through space via electromagnetic waves

Conduction - through molecular collisions (touch)

Convection – through liquid or gas due to differences in density.

1. You can feel the radiation from the fire, it heats the material in the pot – transfer of heat through space

2. Convection currents inside the pot cause the material to boil. Hotter material is less dense, so it rises. It then cools again and sinks – transfer of heat through liquid or gas

3. If you were to grab the pot, your hand would burn due to conduction -- transfer of heat via touch.

Up Up and Away

Convection – heat through fluids (air & water)

The effect of temperature on density of air

Materials Balloon Glass bottles Bucket ice water Bucket hot water SAFETY GLASSES

Observations Up Up and Away

Trial 1 cold to hot Trial 2 hot to cold

Predict - sketch set up, use arrows to predict air movement

Sketch and explain results

Analysis Questions – write in complete sentences

Up Up and Away post lab

On Earth what is the source that heats air?

Does it heat everything the same?

Temperature Variations

Angle of intensity Time of day Latitude Time of year

Cloud cover

Surface cover

Insolation activity

Why is it hotter at the Equator?

Investigate different heating effects of sunlight

Data Collection

Use pencil - show all your calculations

On a half-sheet of graph paper carefully trace the lit area from the globe diagram (label A, B, C)

Each grid square = 10, estimate the “area” of each grid square inside the three sun spots. Total the numbers and write next to your tracing

Assume a “ray” of sunlight = 10,000 kwh (kilowatts per hour)

Determine the rate of energy supplied per area 10,000kwh/”area” = rate of energy. circle this number

Analysis

1) Which sun spot (A, B or C) receives the most energy, Why?

2) Which letter represents the equator? The northern polar region?

3) Use your data to explain the fact that the equator is always hotter than the poles?

Reason for Seasons

Earth is tilted on its axisNorthern Hemisphere Summer

Notice where insolation

strikes at a 90O angle

Which gets Hotter?

Investigate the rates at which different materials heat

Materials Thermometers Cups [air (black, white & aluminum foil)

water] Lamp with 100 watt bulb Meter stick Timer

Data Collection & Analysis

Record data in table

Graph your data on a half sheet – use all aspects of a good graph

Answer analysis questions in complete sentences with detail and no pronouns

Weather Insolation + uneven heating = weather

Weather is what distributes the sun’s energy (Energy Budget) and moderates the Earth’s temperatures

Water Cycle Review

Aquifer Condensation Evaporation Infiltration Precipitation Transpiration Respiration Runoff Storage

Sketch the water cycle (INB page __)

Include ALL the words listed on the right

TAKES ENERGY - BLUE arrows

RELEASES ENERGY – RED arrows