heart failure guideline: appendix k · heart failure guideline: appendix k page 47 of 196...

Heart Failure Guideline: Appendix K

Page 42 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 1987, "Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart

failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 316, pp. 1429-1435.

RCT covered in systematic review

1988, "Comparative effects of therapy with captopril and digoxin in patients with mild to moderate heart failure.", JAMA, vol. 259, pp. 539-544.


124 1998, "Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group", N Engl J Med, vol. 339, no. 19, pp. 1349-1357.

GDG rec included intro

1990, "Xamoterol in severe heart failure. The Xamoterol in Severe Heart Failure Study Group [published erratum appears in Lancet 1990 Sep 15;336(8716):698] [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 336, pp. 1-6.

Not relevant intervention

121 1991, "Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. The SOLVD Investigators. [see comments]", New England Journal of Medicine , vol. 325, pp. 293-302.


1993, "Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 342, pp. 821-828.


90 1994, "A randomized trial of beta-blockade in heart failure. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS). CIBIS Investigators and Committees. [see comments]", Circulation, vol. 90, pp. 1765-1773.


1994, "Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy--I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration. [see comments.] [erratum appears in BMJ 1994 Jun 11;308(6943):1540.]", BMJ, vol. 308, no. 6921, pp. 81-106.

Not HF population


Page 43 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 122 1994, "Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients

with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)", Lancet, vol. 344, no. 8934, pp. 1383-1389.

Expert opinion question

112 1994, "Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials", Arch Intern Med, vol. 154, no. 13, pp. 1449-1457.


1994, "Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II Study. [see comments.]", Lancet, vol. 343, no. 8899, pp. 687-691.

Not relevant outcome

1995, "Comparison of the effects of cilazapril and captopril versus placebo on exercise testing in chronic heart failure patients: a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial. The Cilazapril-Captopril Multicenter Group", Cardiology, vol. 86 Suppl 1, pp. 34-40.

Comparison of drugs

1995, "Effects of carvedilol, a vasodilator-beta-blocker, in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. Australia-New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group", Circulation, vol. 92, pp. 212-218.


107 1997, "Effect of prophylactic amiodarone on mortality after acute myocardial infarction and in congestive heart failure: meta-analysis of individual data from 6500 patients in randomised trials. Amiodarone Trials Meta-Analysis Investigators. [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 350, no. 9089, pp. 1417-1424.

Included

1997, "Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease. Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group. [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 349, pp. 375-380.


97 1997, "The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. The Digitalis Investigation Group. [see comments]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 336, pp. 525-533.

Included


Page 44 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 1998, "3-year follow-up of patients randomised in the metoprolol

in dilated cardiomyopathy trial. The Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (MDC) Trial Study Group. [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 351, pp. 1180-1181.


1998, "Improved prognosis of patients with Chronic Heart Failure by an Optimised diuretic Therapy with the new loop Diuretic Torasemide", J Am Coll.Cardiol., vol. 31, no. 5 (Suppl. C).

Design not RCT

1999, "Carvedilol. [see comments.]", Canadian Family Physician, vol. 45, pp. 1199-1202.

Design not RCT

88 1999, "Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). [see comments.]", Lancet, vol. 353, no. 9169, pp. 2001-2007.


1999, "Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) practice guidelines. HFSA guidelines for management of patients with heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction--pharmacological approaches", J Card Fail., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 357-382.

Design not RCT

1999, "Study on propionyl-L-carnitine in chronic heart failure", European Heart Journal, vol. 20, pp. 70-76.

Included

86 1999, "The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial", Lancet, vol. 353, no. 9146, pp. 9-13.

RCT covered in systematic review (ID 1193)

1999, "The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 353, pp. 9-13.


2000, "Beta blocker benefits patients with advanced heart failure", Geriatrics, vol. 55, no. 11, p. 18.

Design not RCT

2000, "Effects of metoprolol CR in patients with ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy : the randomized evaluation of strategies for left ventricular dysfunction pilot study", Circulation, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 378-384.


2000, "EFICAT - Ejection fraction improvement with Carvedilol in heart transplant listed patients".

In progress


5 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 2001, "A trial of the beta-blocker bucindolol in patients with

advanced chronic heart failure", N.Engl.J Med, vol. 344, no. 22, pp. 1659-1667.

Trial stopped

2001, "Reduced costs with bisoprolol treatment for heart failure: an economic analysis of the second Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS- II)", Eur.Heart J, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1021-1031.

Economic analysis

152 2002, "Intravenous nesiritide vs nitroglycerin for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure: a randomized controlled trial", JAMA, vol. 287, no. 12, pp. 1531-1540.

Included

115 2002, "Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients", BMJ, vol. 324, no. 7329, pp. 71-86.


Abraham, W. T., Lowes, B. D., Ferguson, D. A., Odom, J., Kim, J. K., Robertson, A. D., Bristow, M. R., & Schrier, R. W. 1998, "Systemic hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and renal effects of a steady-state infusion of human brain natriuretic peptide in patients with hemodynamically decompensated heart failure", Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 4, pp. 37-44.

N<30 patients

Acanfora, D., Lanzillo, T., Papa, A., Longobardi, G., Furgi, G., Rengo, C., Melillo, E., & Rengo, F. 1995, "Congestive heart failure in elderly patients: controlled study of delapril versus captopril", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 75, pp. 37F-43F.

Comparison of drugs

Achhammer, I. 1990, "Long term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in congestive heart failure", Progress in Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 127-136.

Not placebo control

Adamopoulos, P. 1994, "Neurohormonal mechanisms and the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in heart failure", Cardiovascular Drugs & Therapy, vol. 8, pp. 685-692.

Design not RCT Not relevant outcome

Adams, K. F. J., Gheorghiade, M., Uretsky, B. F., Patterson, J. H., Schwartz, T. A., & Young, J. B. 2002, "Clinical benefits of low serum digoxin concentrations in heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 946-953.

Design not RCT


Page 46 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Adigun, A. Q., Ajayi, O. E., Sofowora, G. G., & Ajayi, A. A. 1998,

"Vasodilator therapy of hypertensive acute left ventricular failure: comparison of captopril-prazosin with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 67, pp. 81-86.

N<30 patients

Ajayi, A. A., Sofowora, G. G., & Balogun, M. O. 1996, "Concurrent alpha 1 adrenergic blockade and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in the treatment of congestive heart failure", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 57, pp. 173-176.

N<30 patients

Al Khadra, A. S., Salem, D. N., Rand, W. M., Udelson, J. E., Smith, J. J., & Konstam, M. A. 1998, "Antiplatelet agents and survival: a cohort analysis from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 31, pp. 419-425.

Post hoc analysis

Al Khadra, A. S., Salem, D. N., Rand, W. M., Udelson, J. E., Smith, J. J., & Konstam, M. A. 1998, "Warfarin anticoagulation and survival: a cohort analysis from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 31, pp. 749-753.

Design not RCT Covered in systematic review (ID 1236)

Anand, I. S. 2001, "Attenuation of the increase inplasma norepinephine by valsartan in the Val-HeFT trial", Circulation, vol. 104, no. 17 Suppl. 2, p. II-595.


Anderson, G. M. 1950, "The effect of Dicumarol upon the mortality and incidence of thromboembolic complications in congestive heart failure", American Heart Journal, vol. 39, pp. 697-702.

Trial superceded

Anderson, J. L., Lutz, J. R., Gilbert, E. M., Sorensen, S. G., Yanowitz, F. G., Menlove, R. L., & Bartholomew, M. 1985, "A randomized trial of low-dose beta-blockade therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 55, pp. 471-475.


Andersson, F., Cline, C., Ryden-Bergsten, T., & Erhardt, L. 1999, "Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and heart failure. The consequences of underprescribing. [Review] [110 refs]", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 535-550.

Design not RCT


Page 47 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Andrews, R. & Cowley, A. J. 1995, "Clinical and economic factors

in the treatment of congestive heart failure. [Review] [41 refs]", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 119-127.

Design not RCT

Aronow, W. S. 2001, "Effect of beta blockers on mortality and morbidity in persons treated for congestive heart failure", Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 331-333.


Aronow, W. S., Ahn, C., & Kronzon, I. 1997, "Effect of propranolol versus no propranolol on total mortality plus nonfatal myocardial infarction in older patients with prior myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and left ventricular ejection fraction > or = 40% treated with diuretics plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 80, pp. 207-209.

Not HF population

Aronson, D. & Burger, A. J. 2001, "Effect of beta-blockade on autonomic modulation of heart rate and neurohormonal profile in decompensated heart failure", Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 98-106.


125 Athyros, V. G., Papageorgiou, A. A., Mercouris, B. R., Athyrou, V. V., Symeonidis, A. N., Basayannis, E. O., Demitriadis, D. S., & Kontopoulos, A. G. 2002, "Treatment with atorvastatin to the National Cholesterol Educational Program goal versus ’usual’ care in secondary coronary heart disease prevention. The GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary-heart-disease Evaluation (GREACE) study", Curr Med Res Opin., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 220-228.


Aukrust, P., Gullestad, L., Lappega[spacing ring above]rd KT, Ueland, T., Aass, H., Wikeby, L., Simonsen, S., Froland, S. S., & Mollnes, T. E. 2001, "Complement activation in patients with congestive heart failure: Effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment", Circulation, vol. 104, no. 13, pp. 1494-1500.


Avezum, A., Tsuyuki, R. T., Pogue, J., & Yusuf, S. 1998, "Beta-blocker therapy for congestive heart failure: a systemic overview and critical appraisal of the published trials. [see comments]. [Review] [44 refs]", Canadian Journal of Cardiology, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 1045-1053.

Trial superceded


Page 48 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Azevedo, E. R., Kubo, T., Mak, S., Al Hesayen, A., Schofield, A.,

Allan, R., Kelly, S., Newton, G. E., Floras, J. S., & Parker, J. D. 2001, "Nonselective versus selective beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in congestive heart failure: differential effects on sympathetic activity", Circulation, vol. 104, no. 18, pp. 2194-2199.

Comparison of drugs

Baker, D. W. & Wright, R. F. 1994, "Management of heart failure. IV. Anticoagulation for patients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction", JAMA, vol. 272, no. 20, pp. 1614-1618.

Trial superceded

Baligadoo, S. J., Subratty, H., Manraz, M., Tarral, A., Maiti, D., & Murday, M. 1990, "Effects of enoximone on quality of life", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 28, no. Suppl 1, p. S29-S32.

Trial superceded by later systematic review

Barr, C. S., Naas, A. A., Fenwick, M., & Struthers, A. D. 1997, "Enalapril reduces QTc dispersion in mild congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease. [see comments]", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 328-333.


Baruch, L., Anand, I., Cohen, I. S., Ziesche, S., Judd, D., & Cohn, J. N. 1999, "Augmented short- and long-term hemodynamic and hormonal effects of an angiotensin receptor blocker added to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure. Vasodilator Heart Failure Trial (V-HeFT) Study Group", Circulation, vol. 99, no. 20, pp. 2658-2664.


Bayliss, J., Norell, M., Canepa-Anson, R., Sutton, G., & Poole-Wilson, P. 1987, "Untreated heart failure: clinical and neuroendocrine effects of introducing diuretics", British Heart Journal, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 17-22.

Design not RCT

Beaune, J. 1989, "Comparison of enalapril versus digoxin for congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 22D-25D.

Not placebo control

Beg, M. A. & Ragland, R. 1979, "Safety of tienilic acid", Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 55, no. Suppl 3, pp. 127-132.



Page 49 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 74 Beller, B., Bulle, T., Bourge, R. C., Colfer, H., Fowles, R. E.,

Giles, T. D., Grover, J., Whipple, J. P., Fisher, M. B., & Jessup, M. 1995, "Lisinopril versus placebo in the treatment of heart failure: the Lisinopril Heart Failure Study Group", Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 35, pp. 673-680.

Included

Benatar, D., Hall, V., Reddy, S., & Gheorghiade, M. 1998, "Clinical and neurohormonal effects of nicardipine hydrochloride in patients with severe chronic heart failure receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy", American Journal of Therapeutics, vol. 5, pp. 25-32.

N<30 patients

Benedict, C. R., Francis, G. S., Shelton, B., Johnstone, D. E., Kubo, S. H., Kirlin, P., Nicklas, J., Liang, C. S., Konstam, M. A., Greenberg, B., & Yusuf, S. 1995, "Effect of long-term enalapril therapy on neurohormones in patients with left ventricular dysfunction", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 75, pp. 1151-1157.


Berezin, A. E. 2001, "Losartan in the therapy of heart failure patients", Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 302-307.

Dosing comparison

Bergler-Klein, J., Sochor, H., Pouleur, H., Pacher, R., Porenta, G., & Glogar, D. 1994, "Safety of concomitant potassium-sparing diuretics in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in severe congestive heart failure. Xamoterol in Severe Heart Failure Study Group", Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, vol. 24, pp. 194-198.

Not placebo control

Berry, C., Norrie, J., & McMurray, J. J. 2001, "Are angiotensin II receptor blockers more efficacious than placebo in heart failure? Implications of ELITE-2. Evaluation of Losartan In The Elderly", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 87, no. 5, pp. 606-607.

Design not RCT

Besarab, A., Bolton, W. K., Browne, J. K., Egrie, J. C., Nissenson, A. R., Okamoto, D. M., Schwab, S. J., & Goodkin, D. A. 1998, "The effects of normal as compared with low hematocrit values in patients with cardiac disease who are receiving hemodialysis and epoetin. [see comments]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 339, pp. 584-590.

Not relevant intervention Design not RCT Not HF population


Page 50 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Binkley, P. F., Nunziata, E., & Cody, R. J. 1994, "Influence of

flosequinan on autonomic tone in congestive heart failure: implications for the mechanism of the positive chronotropic effect and survival influence of long-term vasodilator administration", American Heart Journal, vol. 128, pp. 1147-1156.


Boccanelli, A., Zachara, E., Liberatore, S. M., Carboni, G. P., & Prati, P. L. 1986, "Addition of captopril versus increasing diuretics in moderate but deteriorating heart failure: a double-blind comparative trial", Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 62, no. Suppl 1, pp. 184-187.

Included

Boger, J. E., DeLuca, S. L., Watkins, D. F., Vershave, K. K., & Thomley, A. M. 1997, "Infusion therapy with milrinone in the home care setting for patients who have advanced heart failure. [Review] [11 refs]", Journal of Intravenous Nursing, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 148-154.

Design not RCT

81 Bonet, S., Agusti, A., Arnau, J. M., Vidal, X., Diogene, E., Galve, E., & Laporte, J. R. 2000, "Beta-adrenergic blocking agents in heart failure: benefits of vasodilating and non-vasodilating agents according to patients’ characteristics: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. [see comments]", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 160, no. 5, pp. 621-627.

Included

Borghi, C., Ambrosioni, E., & Magnani, B. 1996, "Effects of the early administration of zofenopril on onset and progression of congestive heart failure in patients with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. The SMILE Study Investigators. Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 78, pp. 317-322.

Not HF population

77 Bouzamondo, A., Hulot, J. S., Sanchez, P., Cucherat, M., & Lechat, P. 2001, "Beta-blocker treatment in heart failure. [Review] [38 refs]", Fundamental.& Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 95-109.

Included

Boyko, W. L., Glick, H. A., & Schulman, K. A. 1999, "ACE inhibitors in the management of congestive heart failure: comparative economic data.", American Heart Journal, vol. 137, no. 5, p. S115-S119.

Economic analysis


Page 51 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Braunschweig, F., Linde, C., Eriksson, M. J., Hofman-Bang, C., &

Ryden, L. 2002, "Continuous haemodynamic monitoring during withdrawal of diuretics in patients with congestive heart failure", Eur Heart J, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 59-69.

Included

Braunschweig, F., Linde, C., Gadler, F., & Ryden, L. 2000, "Reduction of hospital days by biventricular pacing", Eur J Heart Fail., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 399-406.


Brendorp, B., Elming, H., Jun, L., Kober, L., & Torp-Pedersen, C. 2002, "Effect of dofetilide on QT dispersion and the prognostic implications of changes in QT dispersion for patients with congestive heart failure", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 201-206.


Brendorp, B., Elming, H., Jun, L., Kober, L., Malik, M., Jensen, G. B., Torp-Pedersen, C., & DIAMOND, S. 1913, "Qtc interval as a guide to select those patients with congestive heart failure and reduced left ventricular systolic function who will benefit from antiarrhythmic treatment with dofetilide", Circulation, vol. 103, no. 10, pp. 1422-1427.

Not relevant outcome Design not RCT

Bristow, M. R., Gilbert, E. M., Packer, M., Colucci, W. S., Lukas, M. A., Fowler, M. B., & Cohn, J. N. 1997, "Effects of carvedilol in elderly patients with chronic heart failure", Circulation, vol. 96, no. 8 Suppl. abstract no 3228.


Bristow, M. R., Gilbert, E.-M., Abraham, W.-T., Adams, K.-F., Fowler, M.-B., Hershberger, R.-E., Kubo, S.-H., Narahara, K.-A., Ingersoll, H., Krueger, S., Young, S., and, S., & N.- 1996, "Carvedilol produces dose-related improvements in left ventricular function and survival in subjects with chronic heart failure. MOCHA Investigators [comment]", Circulation, vol. 94, pp. 2807-2816.


Brooksby, P., Robinson, P. J., Segal, R., Klinger, G., Pitt, B., & Cowley, A. J. 1999, "Effects of losartan and captopril on QT dispersion in elderly patients with heart failure. ELITE study group", Lancet, vol. 354, no. 9176, pp. 395-396.


78 Brophy, J. M., Joseph, L., & Rouleau, J. L. 2001, "Beta-blockers in congestive heart failure. A Bayesian meta-analysis", Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 134, no. 7, pp. 550-560.

Included


Page 52 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Broqvist, M., Dahlstrom, U., Karlsson, E., & Larsson, J. 1992,

"Muscle energy metabolism in severe chronic congestive heart failure--effect of treatment with enalapril", European Heart Journal, vol. 13, pp. 1217-1224.


Broqvist, M., Dahlstrom, U., Karlsson, E., & Larsson, J. 1992, "Muscle water and electrolytes in severe chronic congestive heart failure before and after treatment with enalapril", European Heart Journal, vol. 13, pp. 243-250.


Brown, E. J., Jr., Chew, P. H., MacLean, A., Gelperin, K., Ilgenfritz, J. P., & Blumenthal, M. 1995, "Effects of fosinopril on exercise tolerance and clinical deterioration in patients with chronic congestive heart failure not taking digitalis. Fosinopril Heart Failure Study Group", Am.J Cardiol., vol. 75, no. 8, pp. 596-600.

Trial superceded

Bulpitt, C. J., Fletcher, A. E., Dossegger, L., Neiss, A., Nielsen, T., & Viergutz, S. 1998, "Quality of life in chronic heart failure: cilazapril and captopril versus placebo. Cilazapril-Captopril Multicentre Group", Heart, vol. 79, pp. 593-598.


151 Burger, A. J., Elkayam, U., Neibaur, M. T., Haught, H., Ghali, J., Horton, D. P., & Aronson, D. 2001, "Comparison of the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acutely decompensated congestive heart failure receiving dobutamine versus nesiritide therapy", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 35-39.

Included

Butler, J. R. & Fletcher, P. J. 1996, "A cost-effectiveness analysis of enalapril maleate in the management of congestive heart failure in Australia", Australian & New Zealand Journal of Medicine, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 89-95.

Economic analysis

Cai yi, L. 1993, "The treatment of acute myocardial infarction with oral captopril: A randomized, double blind and placebocontrolled pilot study", Chinese Journal of Cardiology, vol. 21, pp. 74-76.

Not HF population


Page 53 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Cairns, J. A., Connolly, S. J., Roberts, R., & Gent, M. 1997,

"Randomised trial of outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with frequent or repetitive ventricular premature depolarisations: CAMIAT. Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial Investigators. [see comments.] [erratum appears in Lancet 1997 Jun 14;349(9067):1776.]", Lancet, vol. 349, no. 9053, pp. 675-682.

Not HF population

Cairns, J. A., Theroux, P., Lewis, H. D. J., Ezekowitz, M., & Meade, T. W. 2001, "Antithrombotic agents in coronary artery disease. [Review] [154 refs]", Chest, vol. 119, no. Suppl 1, pp. 228S-252S.

Not HF population

158 Califf, R. M., Adams, K. F., McKenna, W. J., Gheorghiade, M., Uretsky, B. F., McNulty, S. E., Darius, H., Schulman, K., Zannad, F., Handberg, T. E., Harrell, F. E., Jr., Wheeler, W., Soler, S. J., & Swedberg, K. 1997, "A randomized controlled trial of epoprostenol therapy for severe congestive heart failure: The Flolan International Randomized Survival Trial (FIRST)", American Heart Journal, vol. 134, pp. 44-54.

Included

CARMEN - carvedilol ACE inhibitors remodeling mild heart failure evaluation study. 2001. Ref Type: Unpublished Work

In progress

Ceremuzynski, L., Gebalska, J., Wolk, R., & Makowska, E. 2000, "Hypomagnesemia in heart failure with ventricular arrhythmias. Beneficial effects of magnesium supplementation", Journal of Internal Medicine , vol. 247, no. 1, pp. 78-86.

Included

Cice, G., Ferrara, L., Di Benedetto, A., Russo, P. E., Marinelli, G., Pavese, F., & Iacono, A. 2001, "Dilated cardiomyopathy in dialysis patients--beneficial effects of carvedilol: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 407-411.

Included

Circo, A., Platania, F., Mangiameli, S., & Putignano, E. 1995, "Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the safety and efficacy of oral delapril in patients with congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 75, pp. 18F-24F.


Clark, A. & Cleland, J. 2000, "Trials support use of beta-blockers in chronic heart failure.", Guidelines in Practice, vol. 3.

Design not RCT


Page 54 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Clark, A. 2001, "Trials support use of ACE inhibitors in chronic

heart failure.", Guidelines in Practice, vol. 4, no. 3. Design not RCT

109 Cleland, J. G. & Dargie, H. J. 1987, "Ventricular arrhythmias during exercise in patients with heart failure: the effect of amiodarone", European Heart Journal, vol. 8 Suppl D, pp. 65-69.

Included

Cleland, J. G. & et al 2001, "Pharmacoeconomics in heart failure: impact of drug and non-drug based treatment", European Heart Journal, vol. 3, no. Suppl. G.

Design not RCT

Cleland, J. G. 1998, "Health economic consequences of the pharmacological treatment of heart failure. [Review] [53 refs]", European Heart Journal, vol. 19, no. Suppl P, pp. 32-39.

Economic analysis

118 Cleland, J. G. 2002, "Is aspirin "the weakest link" in cardiovascular prophylaxis? The surprising lack of evidence supporting the use of aspirin for cardiovascular disease. [Review] [125 refs]", Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 275-292.

Included

Cleland, J. G., Bulpitt, C. J., Falk, R. H., Findlay, I. N., Oakley, C. M., Murray, G., Poole-Wilson, P. A., Prentice, C. R., & Sutton, G. C. 1995, "Is aspirin safe for patients with heart failure?. [Review] [53 refs]", British Heart Journal, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 215-219.

Superseded review

Cleland, J. G., Erhardt, L., Hall, A. S., Winter, C., & Ball, S. G. 1993, "Validation of primary and secondary outcomes and classification of mode of death among patients with clinical evidence of heart failure after a myocardial infarction: a report from the Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators", Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, vol. 22, no. Suppl 9, p. S22-S27.

Design not RCT

Cleland, J. G., Erhardt, L., Murray, G., Hall, A. S., & Ball, S. G. 1997, "Effect of ramipril on morbidity and mode of death among survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. A report from the AIRE Study Investigators. [see comments]", European Heart Journal, vol. 18, pp. 41-51.

Secondary analysis

Cleland, J. G., John, J., & Houghton, T. 2001, "Does aspirin attenuate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertension or heart failure?. [Review] [71 refs]", Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 625-631.

Superseded review


Page 55 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Cleland, J. G., Tendera, M., Adamus, J., Freemantle, N., Gray, C.

S., Lye, M., O’Mahony, D., Polonski, L., & Taylor, J. 1999, "Perindopril for elderly people with chronic heart failure: the PEP-CHF study. The PEP investigators. [see comments]", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 1, pp. 211-217.

Design not RCT

Clement, D. L., De, B., Tomas, M., & Vanavermaete, G. 2000, "Long-term effects of clinical outcome with low and high dose in the Captopril in Heart Insufficient Patients Study (CHIPS)", Acta Cardiologica, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 1-7.

Level of dose comparison

Cohn & et al. Valsartan in Heart Failure Trial. Not Stated . 2002. Ref Type: In Press

In progress

Cohn, J. N. & Rector, T. S. 1988, "Vasodilator therapy for heart failure: what have we learned from controlled clinical trials?", JAMA, vol. 259, no. 23, pp. 3456-3457.

Design not RCT

Cohn, J. N. & Tognoni, G. 2001, "A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure", N Engl J Med, vol. 345, no. 23, pp. 1667-1675.

Included

Cohn, J. N. 1990, "Heart failure with normal ejection fraction. The V-HeFT Study. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group", Circulation, vol. 81, pp. 48-53.

Design not RCT

Cohn, J. N. 2001, "Effect of Valsartan onhospitalization rate in valsartan-heart failure trial", Circulation, vol. 104, no. 17 Suppl. 2, p. II-594.

Secondary analysis

Cohn, J. N., Archibald, D. G., Francis, G. S., Ziesche, S., Franciosa, J. A., Harston, W. E., Tristani, F. E., Dunkman, W. B., Jacobs, W., & Flohr, K. H. 1987, "Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Vasodilator Therapy of Heart Failure: influence of prerandomization variables on the reduction of mortality by treatment with hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate", Circulation, vol. 75, p. IV49-IV54.

Subgroup analysis

129 Cohn, J. N., Archibald, D. G., Ziesche, S., Franciosa, J. A., Harston, W. E., Tristani, F. E., Dunkman, W. B., Jacobs, W., Francis, G. S., & Flohr, K. H. 1986, "Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 314, pp. 1547-1552.

Included


Page 56 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Cohn, J. N., Fowler, M. B., Bristow, M. R., Colucci, W. S., Gilbert,

E. M., Kinhal, V., Krueger, S. K., Lejemtel, T., Narahara, K. A., Packer, M., Young, S. T., Holcslaw, T. L., & Lukas, M. A. 1997, "Safety and efficacy of carvedilol in severe heart failure. The U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group", Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 3, pp. 173-179.


141 Cohn, J. N., Goldstein, S. O., Greenberg, B. H., Lorell, B. H., Bourge, R. C., Jaski, B. E., Gottlieb, S. O., McGrew, F., III, DeMets, D. L., & White, B. G. 1998, "A dose-dependent increase in mortality with vesnarinone among patients with severe heart failure. Vesnarinone Trial Investigators. [see comments]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 339, pp. 1810-1816.

Included

130 Cohn, J. N., Johnson, G., Ziesche, S., Cobb, F., Francis, G., Tristani, F., Smith, R., Dunkman, W. B., Loeb, H., & Wong, M. 1991, "A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. [see comments]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 325, pp. 303-310.

Included

146 Cohn, J. N., Ziesche, S., Smith, R., Anand, I., Dunkman, W. B., Loeb, H., Cintron, G., Boden, W., Baruch, L., Rochin, P., & Loss, L. 1997, "Effect of the calcium antagonist felodipine as supplementary vasodilator therapy in patients with chronic heart failure treated with enalapril: V-HeFT III. Vasodilator-Heart Failure Trial (V-HeFT) Study Group", Circulation, vol. 96, pp. 856-863.

Included

Colucci, W. S., Packer, M., Bristow, M. R., Gilbert, E. M., Cohn, J. N., Fowler, M. B., Krueger, S. K., Hershberger, R., Uretsky, B. F., Bowers, J. A., Sackner-Bernstein, J. D., Young, S. T., Holcslaw, T. L., & Lukas, M. A. 1996, "Carvedilol inhibits clinical progression in patients with mild symptoms of heart failure. US Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group", Circulation, vol. 94, no. 11, pp. 2800-2806.



Page 57 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Colucci, W. S., Sonnenblick, E. H., Adams, K. F., Berk, M.,

Brozena, S. C., Cowley, A. J., Grabicki, J. M., Kubo, S. A., Lejemtel, T., & Littler, W. A. 1993, "Efficacy of phosphodiesterase inhibition with milrinone in combination with converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with heart failure. The Milrinone Multicenter Trials Investigators", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 22, pp. 113A-118A.


Colucci, W. S., Wynne, J., Holman, B. L., & Braunwald, E. 1980, "Long-term therapy of heart failure with prazosin: a randomized double blind trial", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 45, pp. 337-344.

N<30 patients

Cook, J. R., Glick, H. A., Gerth, W., Kinosian, B., & Kostis, J. B. 1998, "The cost and cardioprotective effects of enalapril in hypertensive patients with left ventricular dysfunction", American Journal of Hypertension, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1433-1441.

Not HF population

280 Cornell, S., Calvert, N. W., Channer, K. S., & Singleton, C. D. 1998, Angiotensin-converting anzyme (ACE) inhibitors in heart failure: reducing mortality and costs to the NHS., Trent Institute for Health Services Research, 98(05).

Design not RCT

Cosin-Aguilar, J., Marrugat, J., Sanz, G., Masso, J., Gil, M., Vargas, R., Perez-Casar, F., Simarro, E., De, A., Garcia-Garcia, J., Azpitarte, J., Diago, J. L., Rodrigo-Trallero, G., Lekuona, I., Domingo, E., & Marin-Huerta, E. 1999, "Long-term results of the Spanish trial on treatment and survival of patients with predominantly mild heart failure", Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 733-740.

Trial terminated

Cotter, G., Kiowski, W., Kaluski, E., Kobrin, I., Milovanov, O., Marmor, A., Jafari, J., Reisin, L., Krakover, R., Vered, Z., & Caspi, A. 2001, "Tezosentan (an intravenous endothelin receptor A/B antagonist) reduces peripheral resistance and increases cardiac power therefore preventing a steep decrease in blood pressure in patients with congestive heart failure", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 457-461.



Page 58 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 204 Cowie, M. R., Fox, K. F., Wood, D. A., Metcalfe, C., Thompson, S.

G., Coats, A. J., Poole-Wilson, P. A., & Sutton, G. C. 2002, "Hospitalization of patients with heart failure: a population-based study", Eur Heart J, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 877-885.


Cowley, A. J. & Skene, A. M. 1994, "Treatment of severe heart failure: quantity or quality of life? A trial of enoximone. Enoximone Investigators. [see comments]", British Heart Journal, vol. 72, pp. 226-230.


67 Cowley, A. J., Stainer, K., Wynne, R. D., Rowley, J. M., & Hampton, J. R. 1986, "Symptomatic assessment of patients with heart failure: double-blind comparison of increasing doses of diuretics and captopril in moderate heart failure", Lancet, vol. 2, no. 8510, pp. 770-772.

Included

Cruickshank, J. M. 2000, "Beta-blockers continue to surprise us", Eur.Heart J, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 354-364.

Design not RCT

140 Cuffe, M. S., Califf, R. M., Adams, K. F., Jr., Benza, R., Bourge, R., Colucci, W. S., Massie, B. M., O’Connor, C. M., Pina, I., Quigg, R., Silver, M. A., & Gheorghiade, M. 2002, "Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial", JAMA, vol. 287, no. 12, pp. 1541-1547.

Included

Dalla, V. S. 1995, "Safety and efficacy study of delapril versus enalapril in patients with congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 75, pp. 44F-49F.

Design not RCT

Dargie, H. 1999, "Recent clinical data regarding the use of beta blockers in heart failure: focus on CIBIS II", Heart, vol. 82 Suppl 4, p. IV2-IV4.

Design not RCT

Dargie, H. J. 2001, "Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. [see comments.]", Lancet, vol. 357, no. 9266, pp. 1385-1390.

Included

106 Dasbach, E. J., Rich, M. W., Segal, R., Gerth, W. C., Carides, G. W., Cook, J. R., Murray, J. F., Snavely, D. B., & Pitt, B. 1999, "The cost-effectiveness of losartan versus captopril in patients with symptomatic heart failure", Cardiology, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 189-194.

Included Health economics paper


Page 59 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Davie, A. P. & McMurray, J. J. 1995, "ACE inhibitors and health-

care economics. [Review] [20 refs]", Coronary Artery Disease , vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 315-319.

Economic analysis

Davies, R. F., Beanlands, D. S., Nadeau, C., Phaneuf, D., Morris, A., Arnold, J. M., Parker, J. O., Baigrie, R., Latour, P., & Klinke, W. P. 1991, "Enalapril versus digoxin in patients with congestive heart failure: a multicenter study. Canadian Enalapril Versus Digoxin Study Group", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 18, pp. 1602-1609.

Trial superceeded

Deedwania, P. C., Singh, B. N., Ellenbogen, K., Fisher, S., Fletcher, R., & Singh, S. N. 1998, "Spontaneous conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm by amiodarone in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: observations from the veterans affairs congestive heart failure survival trial of antiarrhythmic therapy (CHF-STAT). The Department of Veterans Affairs CHF-STAT Investigators", Circulation, vol. 98, pp. 2574-2579.

Subgroup analysis

293 Delea, T. E., Vera-Llonch, M., Richner, R. E., Fowler, M. B., & Oster, G. 1999, "Cost effectiveness of carvedilol for heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 83, no. 6, pp. 890-896.

Economic analysis

Deswal, A., Bozkurt, B., Seta, Y., Parilti, E. S., Hayes, F. A., Blosch, C., & Mann, D. L. 1999, "Safety and efficacy of a soluble P75 tumor necrosis factor receptor (Enbrel, etanercept) in patients with advanced heart failure. [see comments]", Circulation, vol. 99, pp. 3224-3226.

N<30 patients

Di, L., Sabbadini, G., Salvatore, L., Sinagra, G., Mestroni, L., Pinamonti, B., Gregori, D., Ciani, F., Muzzi, A., Klugmann, S., & Camerini, F. 1999, "Long-term effects of carvedilol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy with persistent left ventricular dysfunction despite chronic metoprolol. The Heart-Muscle Disease Study Group. [see comments.]", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1926-1934.

Comparison of drugs

DiBianco, R., Parker, J. O., Chakko, S., Tanser, P. H., Emmanuel, G., Singh, J. B., & Marlon, A. 1991, "Doxazosin for the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure: results of a randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled study", American Heart Journal, vol. 121, pp. 372-380.

Included


Page 60 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion DiBianco, R., Shabetai, R., Kostuk, W., Moran, J., Schlant, R. C.,

& Wright, R. 1989, "A comparison of oral milrinone, digoxin, and their combination in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. [see comments]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 320, pp. 677-683.


Dickstein, K., Chang, P., Willenheimer, R., Haunso, S., Remes, J., Hall, C., & Kjekshus, J. 1995, "Comparison of the effects of losartan and enalapril on clinical status and exercise performance in patients with moderate or severe chronic heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 26, pp. 438-445.


Dickstein, K., Manhenke, C., Aarsland, T., Kopp, U., McNay, J., & Wiltse, C. 1999, "Acute hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of moxonidine in congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 83, no. 12, pp. 1638-1644.


Domanski, M. 1999, "72nd scientific sessions of the American Heart Association, plenary session XIII: Late-breaking clinical trials. BEST trial results.".

Full trial reviewed (ID 1646)

Dorffel, W. V., Wallukat, G., Baumann, G., & Felix, S. B. 2000, "Immunoadsorption in dilated cardiomyopathy", Therapeutic Apheresis, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 235-238.


Dorszewski, A., Gohmann, E., Dorszewski, B., Werner, G. S., Kreuzer, H., & Figulla, H. R. 1997, "Vasodilation by urapidil in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is not beneficial: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study", Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 3, pp. 91-96.

Included

Dossegger, L., Aldor, E., Baird, M. G., Braun, S., Cleland, J. G., Donaldson, R., Jansen, L. J., Joy, M. D., Marin-Neto, J. A., & Nogueira, E. 1993, "Influence of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on exercise performance and clinical symptoms in chronic heart failure: a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial", European Heart Journal, vol. 14, no. Suppl C, pp. 18-23.



Page 61 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Dossegger, L., Nielsen, T., Preston, C., & Arabatzis, N. 1994,

"Heart failure therapy with cilazapril: an overview", J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol., vol. 24 Suppl 3, p. S38-S41.

Design not RCT

Doughty, R. N., Rodgers, A., Sharpe, N., & MacMahon, S. 1997, "Effects of beta-blocker therapy on mortality in patients with heart failure. A systematic overview of randomized controlled trials. [Review] [32 refs]", European Heart Journal, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 560-565.

Trial superceeded

Doval, H. C., Nul, D. R., Grancelli, H. O., Perrone, S. V., Bortman, G. R., & Curiel, R. 1994, "Randomised trial of low-dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure. Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina (GESICA). [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 344, pp. 493-498.

Included

Dries, D. L., Domanski, M. J., Waclawiw, M. A., & Gersh, B. J. 1997, "Effect of antithrombotic therapy on risk of sudden coronary death in patients with congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 79, pp. 909-913.

Subgroup analysis

Dubourg, O., Delorme, G., Hardy, A., Beauchet, A., Tarral, A., & Bourdarias, J. P. 1990, "Placebo-controlled trial of oral enoximone in end-stage congestive heart failure refractory to optimal treatment", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 28, no. Suppl 1, p. S33-S42.

N<30 patients

Dunselman, P. H. & Replacement of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition (REPLACE) Investigators 2001, "Effects of the replacement of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril by the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan in patients with congestive heart failure. The replacement of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (REPLACE) investigators", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 77, no. 2-3, pp. 131-138.

Comparison of drugs

Eccles, M., Freemantle, N., & Mason, J. 1998, "North of England evidence based development project: guideline for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in primary care management of adults with symptomatic heart failure.", BMJ, vol. 316, no. 7141, pp. 1369-1375.

Included


Page 62 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Elis, A., Bental, T., Kimchi, O., Ravid, M., & Lishner, M. 1998,

"Intermittent dobutamine treatment in patients with chronic refractory congestive heart failure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study", Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol. 63, pp. 682-685.

N<30 patients

Elkayam, U., Johnson, J. V., Shotan, A., Bokhari, S., Solodky, A., Canetti, M., Wani, O. R., & Karaalp, I. S. 1999, "Double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of organic nitrates in patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition", Circulation, vol. 99, no. 20, pp. 2652-2657.

N<30 patients

Erdmann, E. Heart Failure Update Satellite symposium, Merck Cardiovascular, "Interactions and populations at risk: post-hoc analysis of CIBIS II".

Design not RCT

Erdmann, E., Lechat, P., Verkenne, P., & Wiemann, H. 2001, "Results from post-hoc analyses of the CIBIS II trial: effect of bisoprolol in high-risk patient groups with chronic heart failure", Eur.J Heart Fail., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 469-479.

Design not RCT

Erhardt, L., Ball, S., Andersson, F., Bergentoft, P., & Martinez, C. 1997, "Cost effectiveness in the treatment of heart failure with ramipril. A Swedish substudy of the AIRE study. Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy. [erratum appears in Pharmacoeconomics 1997 Dec;12(6):706]", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 12, no. 2 Pt 2, pp. 256-266.

Economic analysis

Erhardt, L., MacLean, A., Ilgenfritz, J., Gelperin, K., & Blumenthal, M. 1995, "Fosinopril attenuates clinical deterioration and improves exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure. Fosinopril Efficacy/Safety Trial (FEST) Study Group", Eur Heart J, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 1892-1899.

Trial superceded

Erhardt, L., MacLean, A., Ilgenfritz, J., Gelperin, K., & Blumenthal, M. 1995, "Fosinopril attenuates clinical deterioration and improves exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure. Fosinopril Efficacy/Safety Trial (FEST) Study Group", European Heart Journal, vol. 16, pp. 1892-1899.



Page 63 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Erlemeier, H. H., Kupper, W., & Bleifeld, W. 1992, "Intermittent

infusion of dobutamine in the therapy of severe congestive heart failure--long-term effects and lack of tolerance", Cardiovascular Drugs & Therapy, vol. 6, pp. 391-398.

Design not RCT

Eryonucu, B., Koldas, L., Ayan, F., Keser, N., & Sirmaci, A. 2001, "Comparison of the first dose response of fosinopril and captopril in congestive heart failure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study", Japanese Heart Journal, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 185-191.

Comparison of drugs

Exner, D. V., Dries, D. L., Waclawiw, M. A., Shelton, B., & Domanski, M. J. 1999, "Beta-adrenergic blocking agent use and mortality in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a post hoc analysis of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 916-923.

Design not RCT

Exner, D. V., Reiffel, J. A., Epstein, A. E., Ledingham, R., Reiter, M. J., Yao, Q., Duff, H. J., Follmann, D., Schron, E., Greene, H. L., Carlson, M. D., Brodsky, M. A., Akiyama, T., Baessler, C., & Anderson, J. L. 1999, "Beta-blocker use and survival in patients with ventricular fibrillation or symptomatic ventricular tachycardia: the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 325-333.

Design not RCT

Farquharson, C. A. & Struthers, A. D. 2000, "Spironolactone increases nitric oxide bioactivity, improves endothelial vasodilator dysfunction, and suppresses vascular angiotensin I/angiotensin II conversion in patients with chronic heart failure", Circulation, vol. 101, no. 6, pp. 594-597.


Feldman, A. M., Baughman, K. L., Lee, W. K., Gottlieb, S. H., Weiss, J. L., Becker, L. C., & Strobeck, J. E. 1991, "Usefulness of OPC-8212, a quinolinone derivative, for chronic congestive heart failure in patients with ischemic heart disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 68, pp. 1203-1210.



Page 64 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Feldman, A. M., Bristow, M. R., Parmley, W. W., Carson, P. E.,

Pepine, C. J., Gilbert, E. M., Strobeck, J. E., Hendrix, G. H., Powers, E. R., & Bain, R. P. 1993, "Effects of vesnarinone on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. Vesnarinone Study Group. [see comments]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 329, pp. 149-155.


114 Fitzmaurice, D. A. & Machin, S. J. 2001, "Recommendations for patients undertaking self management of oral anticoagulation", BMJ, vol. 323, no. 7319, pp. 985-989.


Fisman, E. Z., Grossman, E., Motro, M., & Tenenbaum, A. 2002, "Clinical evidence of dose-dependent interaction between aspirin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors", Journal of Human Hypertension, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 379-383.


70 Flather, M. D., Yusuf, S., Kober, L., Pfeffer, M., Hall, A., Murray, G., Torp-Pedersen, C., Ball, S., Pogue, J., Moye, L., & Braunwald, E. 2000, "Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients. ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 355, no. 9215, pp. 1575-1581.

Included

Fletcher, R. D., Cintron, G. B., Johnson, G., Orndorff, J., Carson, P., & Cohn, J. N. 1993, "Enalapril decreases prevalence of ventricular tachycardia in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. The V-HeFT II VA Cooperative Studies Group", Circulation, vol. 87, p. VI49-VI55.


Foley, R. N., Parfrey, P. S., Morgan, J., Barre, P. E., Campbell, P., Cartier, P., Coyle, D., Fine, A., Handa, P., Kingma, I., Lau, C. Y., Levin, A., Mendelssohn, D., Muirhead, N., Murphy, B., Plante, R. K., Posen, G., & Wells, G. A. 2000, "Effect of hemoglobin levels in hemodialysis patients with asymptomatic cardiomyopathy", Kidney International, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 1325-1335.



Page 65 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 154 Follath, F., Cleland, J. G., Just, H., Papp, J. G., Scholz, H.,

Peuhkurinen, K., Harjola, V. P., Mitrovic, V., Abdalla, M., Sandell, E. P., & Lehtonen, L. 2002, "Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure (the LIDO study): a randomised double-blind trial", Lancet, vol. 360, no. 9328, pp. 196-202.

Included

131 Fonarow, G. C., Chelimsky, F. C., Stevenson, L. W., Luu, M., Hamilton, M. A., Moriguchi, J. D., Tillisch, J. H., Walden, J. A., & Albanese, E. 1992, "Effect of direct vasodilation with hydralazine versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with captopril on mortality in advanced heart failure: the Hy-C trial", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 19, pp. 842-850.

Included

Forgosh, L. B. & Zolotor, W. 1997, "The use of oral magnesium in mild-to-moderate congestive heart failure", Congestive Heart Failure, vol. 3, pp. 21-24.

N<30 patients

Foster, R. E., Johnson, D. B., Barilla, F., Blackwell, G. G., Orr, R., Roney, M., Stanley, A. W., Jr., Pohost, G. M., & Dell’Italia, L. J. 1998, "Changes in left ventricular mass and volumes in patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy for left ventricular dysfunction after Q-wave myocardial infarction", American Heart Journal, vol. 136, pp. 269-275.

N<30 patients

Fowler, M. B., Vera-Llonch, M., Oster, G., Bristow, M. R., Cohn, J. N., Colucci, W. S., Gilbert, E. M., Lukas, M. A., Lacey, M. J., Richner, R., Young, S. T., & Packer, M. 2001, "Influence of carvedilol on hospitalizations in heart failure: incidence, resource utilization and costs. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group", J Am Coll.Cardiol., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1692-1699.

Economic analysis

Franciosa, J. A., Nordstrom, L. A., & Cohn, J. N. 1978, "Nitrate therapy for congestive heart failure", JAMA, vol. 240, pp. 443-446.

N<30 patients

Francis, G. S., Cohn, J. N., Johnson, G., Rector, T. S., Goldman, S., & Simon, A. 1993, "Plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin activity, and congestive heart failure. Relations to survival and the effects of therapy in V-HeFT II. The V-HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group", Circulation, vol. 87, p. VI40-VI48.

Post hoc analysis


Page 66 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Frey, B., Pacher, R., Locker, G., Bojic, A., Hartter, E.,

Woloszczuk, W., & Stanek, B. 2000, "Prognostic value of hemodynamic vs big endothelin measurements during long-term IV therapy in advanced heart failure patients", Chest, vol. 117, no. 6, pp. 1713-1719.


Fuchs, W. 1995, "Comparison of the safety and efficacy of delapril with captopril in outpatients with congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 75, pp. 29F-36F.


Funck-Brentano, C., Lancar, R., Le Heuzey, J. Y., Lardoux, H., Soubrie, C., & Lechat, P. 2000, "Predictors of medical events in patients enrolled in the cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study (CIBIS): a study of the interactions between beta-blocker therapy and occurrence of critical events using analysis of competitive risks", Am.Heart J, vol. 139, no. 2 Pt 1, pp. 262-271.

Design not RCT

Garguichevich, J. J., Ramos, J. L., Gambarte, A., Gentile, A., Hauad, S., Scapin, O., Sirena, J., Tibaldi, M., & Toplikar, J. 1995, "Effect of amiodarone therapy on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias: Argentine Pilot Study of Sudden Death and Amiodarone (EPAMSA)", American Heart Journal, vol. 130, pp. 494-500.

RCT covered in systematic review (ID 560 / 571)

Ghatak, A., Brar, M. J., Agarwal, A., Goel, N., Rastogi, A. K., Vaish, A. K., Sircar, A. R., & Chandra, M. 1996, "Oxy free radical system in heart failure and therapeutic role of oral vitamin E", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 57, pp. 119-127.


Gheorghiade, M. 1997, "Digoxin therapy in chronic heart failure. [Review] [31 refs]", Cardiovascular Drugs & Therapy, vol. 11, no. Suppl 1, pp. 279-283.

Design not RCT

132 Ghose, J. C., Chakraborty, S., Mondal, M., & Bhandari, B. 1993, "Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure", Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, vol. 41, pp. 269-271.

Included

Giles, T. 1996, "The cost-effective way forward for the management of the patient with heart failure. [Review] [15 refs]", Cardiology, vol. 87, no. Suppl 1, pp. 33-39.

Economic analysis


Page 67 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Giles, T. D. 1991, "Comparison of lisinopril and captopril in the

treatment of left ventricular congestive heart failure--influence of duration of action on efficacy and safety", Zeitschrift fur Kardiolgie, vol. 80, no. Suppl 2, pp. 35-39.

Design not RCT

Giles, T. D., Fisher, M. B., & Rush, J. E. 1988, "Lisinopril and captopril in the treatment of heart failure in older patients. Comparison of a long- and short-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor", American Journal of Medicine, vol. 85, pp. 44-47.

Comparison of drugs

Goldberg, A. D., Nicklas, J., & Goldstein, S. 1991, "Effectiveness of imazodan for treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. The Imazodan Research Group", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 68, pp. 631-636.


Goldstein, R. E., Boccuzzi, S. J., Cruess, D., & Nattel, S. 1991, "Diltiazem increases late-onset congestive heart failure in postinfarction patients with early reduction in ejection fraction. The Adverse Experience Committee; and the Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Research Group. [see comments]", Circulation, vol. 83, pp. 52-60.

Not HF population Subgroup analysis

87 Goldstein, S. & Hjalmarson, A. 1999, "The mortality effect of metoprolol CR/XL in patients with heart failure: results of the MERIT-HF Trial", Clinical Cardiology, vol. 22, no. Suppl 5, p. V30-V35.


Goldstein, S. 1997, "Clinical studies on beta blockers and heart failure preceding the MERIT- HF trial", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 80, pp. 50J-53J.

Design not RCT

Goldstein, S. 2002, "Benefits of B-Blocker Therapy for Heart Failure: Weighing the evidence", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 162, pp. 641-648.

Design not RCT

Goldstein, S., Fagerberg, B., Hjalmarson, A., Kjekshus, J., Waagstein, F., Wedel, H., Wikstrand, J., & The MERIT-HF Study Group 2001, "Metoprolol controlled release/extended release in patients with severe heart failure: analysis of the experience in the MERIT-HF study", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 932-938.

Included


Page 68 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Gorkin, L., Norvell, N. K., Rosen, R. C., Charles, E., Shumaker, S.

A., McIntyre, K. M., Capone, R. J., Kostis, J., Niaura, R., & Woods, P. 1993, "Assessment of quality of life as observed from the baseline data of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial quality-of-life substudy", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 71, pp. 1069-1073.

Subgroup analysis

Goto, Y., Tamachi, H., Fusegawa, Y., Nakaya, N., Homma, Y., Mikami, M., Iori, S., & Yamazaki, A. 1991, "Effects of carvedilol on serum lipids in patients with essential hypertension", J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol., vol. 18 Suppl 4, p. S45-S50.

Not relevant outcome Not HF population

Gottlieb, S. S., Fisher, M. L., Kjekshus, J., Deedwania, P., Gullestad, L., Vitovec, J., & Wikstrand, J. 2002, "Tolerability of [beta]-blocker initiation and titration in the Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)", Circulation, vol. 105, no. 10, pp. 1182-1188.

Dosing comparison

101 Granger, C. B., Ertl, G., Kuch, J., Maggioni, A. P., McMurray, J., Rouleau, J. L., Stevenson, L. W., Swedberg, K., Young, J., Yusuf, S., Califf, R. M., Bart, B. A., Held, P., Michelson, E. L., Sellers, M. A., Ohlin, G., Sparapani, R., & Pfeffer, M. A. 2000, "Randomized trial of candesartan cilexetil in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure and a history of intolerance to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors", American Heart Journal, vol. 139, no. 4, pp. 609-617.

Included

Granger, C. B., Ertl, G., Kuch, J., McMurray, J., Rouleau, J. L., & Swedberg, K. 2002, "A randomized trial evaluating tolerance to candesartan cilexitil in patients with congestive heart failure and intolerance to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.", Journal of the American College.of Cardiology, vol. 33, no. Abstract, p. 189A.


Greenberg, H. M., Dwyer, E. M., Jr., Hochman, J. S., Steinberg, J. S., Echt, D. S., & Peters, R. W. 1995, "Interaction of ischaemia and encainide/flecainide treatment: a proposed mechanism for the increased mortality in CAST I", British Heart Journal, vol. 74, pp. 631-635.

Not HF population Secondary analysis


Page 69 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Greene, H. L., Richardson, D. W., Hallstrom, A. P., McBride, R.,

Capone, R. J., Barker, A. H., Roden, D. M., & Echt, D. S. 1989, "Congestive heart failure after acute myocardial infarction in patients receiving antiarrhythmic agents for ventricular premature complexes (Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study)", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 63, pp. 393-398.

Not HF population

Guazzi, M., Palermo, P., Pontone, G., Susini, F., & Agostoni, P. 1999, "Synergistic efficacy of enalapril and losartan on exercise performance and oxygen consumption at peak exercise in congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 84, pp. 1038-1043.

N<30 patients

Gullestad, L., Aukrust, P., Ueland, T., Espevik, T., Yee, G., Vagelos, R., Froland, S. S., & Fowler, M. 1999, "Effect of high- versus low-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on cytokine levels in chronic heart failure. [see comments.]", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 2061-2067.


Gullestad, L., Manhenke, C., Aarsland, T., Skardal, R., Fagertun, H., Wikstrand, J., & Kjekshus, J. 2001, "Effect of metoprolol CR/XL on exercise tolerance in chronic heart failure - a substudy to the MERIT-HF trial", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 463-468.

Subgroup analysis

Gullestad, L., Ueland, T., Brunsvig, A., Kjekshus, J., Simonsen, S., Froland, S. S., & Aukrust, P. 2001, "Effect of metoprolol on cytokine levels in chronic heart failure--a substudy in the Metoprolol Controlled-Release Randomised Intervention Trial in Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)", American Heart Journal, vol. 141, no. 3, pp. 418-421.


Gum, P. A., Thamilarasan, M., Watanabe, J., Blackstone, E. H., & Lauer, M. S. 2001, "Aspirin use and all-cause mortality among patients being evaluated for known or suspected coronary artery disease: A propensity analysis. [see comments.]", JAMA, vol. 286, no. 10, pp. 1187-1194.

Not HF population


Page 70 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Gundersen, T., Swedberg, K., Amtorp, O., Remes, J., & Nilsson,

B. 1994, "Absence of effect on exercise capacity of 12-weeks treatment with ramipril in patients with moderate congestive heart failure. Ramipril Study Group", European Heart Journal, vol. 15, pp. 1659-1665.


Gundersen, T., Wiklund, I., Swedberg, K., Amtorp, O., Remes, J., & Nilsson, B. 1995, "Effects of 12 weeks of ramipril treatment on the quality of life in patients with moderate congestive heart failure: results of a placebo-controlled trial. Ramipril Study Group", Cardiovascular Drugs & Therapy, vol. 9, pp. 589-594.


Guyatt, G. H., Sullivan, M. J., Fallen, E. L., Tihal, H., Rideout, E., Halcrow, S., Nogradi, S., Townsend, M., & Taylor, D. W. 1988, "A controlled trial of digoxin in congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 371-375.

N<30 patients

Hall, A. S., Murray, G. D., & Ball, S. G. 1997, "Follow-up study of patients randomly allocated ramipril or placebo for heart failure after acute myocardial infarction: AIRE Extension (AIREX) Study. Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy. [see comments.]", Lancet, vol. 349, no. 9064, pp. 1493-1497.

Secondary analysis

Hallstrom, A. P., Anderson, J. L., Carlson, M., Davies, R., Greene, H. L., Kammerling, J. M., Romhilt, D. W., Duff, H. J., & Huther, M. 1995, "Time to arrhythmic, ischemic, and heart failure events: exploratory analyses to elucidate mechanisms of adverse drug effects in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial", American Heart Journal, vol. 130, pp. 71-79.

Subgroup analysis

Hallstrom, A., Pratt, C. M., Greene, H. L., Huther, M., Gottlieb, S., DeMaria, A., & Young, J. B. 1995, "Relations between heart failure, ejection fraction, arrhythmia suppression and mortality: analysis of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 25, pp. 1250-1257.

Subgroup analysis

Hambrecht, R., Hilbrich, L., Erbs, S., Gielen, S., Fiehn, E., Schoene, N., & Schuler, G. 2000, "Correction of endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure: additional effects of exercise training and oral L-arginine supplementation", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 706-713.



Page 71 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Hamer, A. W., Arkles, L. B., & Johns, J. A. 1989, "Beneficial

effects of low dose amiodarone in patients with congestive cardiac failure: a placebo-controlled trial. [see comments]", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 14, pp. 1768-1774.

RCT covered in systematic review (ID 560 / 571)

134 Hampton, J. R., van Veldhuisen, D. J., Kleber, F. X., Cowley, A. J., Ardia, A., Block, P., Cortina, A., Cserhalmi, L., Follath, F., Jensen, G., Kayanakis, J., Lie, K. I., Mancia, G., & Skene, A. M. 1997, "Randomised study of effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced severe heart failure. Second Prospective Randomised Study of Ibopamine on Mortality and Efficacy (PRIME II) Investigators. [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 349, pp. 971-977.

Included

Harjai, K. J., Dinshaw, H. K., Nunez, E., Shah, M., Thompson, H., Turgut, T., & Ventura, H. O. 1999, "The prognostic implications of outpatient diuretic dose in heart failure", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 71, pp. 219-225.


Harjai, K. J., Mehra, M. R., Ventura, H. O., Lapeyre, Y. M., Murgo, J. P., Stapleton, D. D., & Smart, F. W. 1997, "Home inotropic therapy in advanced heart failure: cost analysis and clinical outcomes", Chest, vol. 112, no. 5, pp. 1298-1303.

Design not RCT

Harjai, K. J., Nunez, E., Turgut, T., & Newman, J. 2001, "Effect of combined aspirin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy alone on readmission rates in heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 483-487.

Post hoc analysis

Harpaz, D., Benderly, M., Goldbourt, U., Kishon, Y., & Behar, S. 1996, "Effect of aspirin on mortality in women with symptomatic or silent myocardial ischemia. Israeli BIP Study Group", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 78, no. 11, pp. 1215-1219.

Not HF population

Hattori, Y., Atsushi, S., Hiroaki, F., & Toyama, J. 1997, "Effects of cilazapril on ventricular arrhythmia in patients with congestive heart failure", Clinical Therapeutics, vol. 19, pp. 481-486.



Page 72 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Hauf-Zachariou, U., Widmann, L., Zulsdorf, B., Hennig, M., &

Lang, P. D. 1993, "A double-blind comparison of the effects of carvedilol and captopril on serum lipid concentrations in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and dyslipidaemia", Eur J Clin Pharmacol., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 95-100.


Havraneck, E. P. & et al 1997, "Dose Related Beneficial Long-term Haemodynamic and Clinical Effects of Irbesartan in Heart Failure.", Circulation, vol. 96, no. I, p. 452.


Havranek, E. P., Thomas, I., Smith, W. B., Ponce, G. A., Bilsker, M., Munger, M. A., & Wolf, R. A. 1999, "Dose-related beneficial long-term hemodynamic and clinical efficacy of irbesartan in heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1174-1181.


Heidenreich, P. A., Lee, T. T., & Massie, B. M. 1997, "Effect of beta-blockade on mortality in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 27-34.

Trial superceded

Heintz, B., Verho, M., Theobald, K., & . 1994, "Efficacy and safety of ramipril in long-term treatment of heart failure", Current Therapeutic Research, vol. 55, pp. 48-49.

Trial superceded

Herchuelz, A., Deger, F., Douchamps, J., Ducarne, H., & Broekhuysen, J. 1988, "Comparative pharmacodynamics of torasemide and furosemide in patients with oedema", Arzneimittelforschung., vol. 38, no. 1A, pp. 180-183.

Not relevant outcome Comparison of drugs

Herlitz, J., Waagstein, F., Lindqvist, J., Swedberg, K., & Hjalmarson, A. 1997, "Effect of metoprolol on the prognosis for patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction and indirect signs of congestive heart failure (a subgroup analysis of the Goteborg Metoprolol Trial)", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 80, pp. 40J-44J.

Not HF population

Hillegass, W. B., Ohman, E. M., Leimberger, J. D., & Califf, R. M. 1994, "A meta-analysis of randomized trials of calcium antagonists to reduce restenosis after coronary angioplasty", American Journal of Cardiology Vol, vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 835-839.

Not HF population

Hjalmarson, A. 1985, "Other clinical findings and tolerability", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 56, pp. 39G-46G.

Not HF population


Page 73 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 89 Hjalmarson, A., Goldstein, S., Fagerberg, B., Wedel, H.,

Waagstein, F., Kjekshus, J., Wikstrand, J., El, A., Vitovec, J., Aldershvile, J., Halinen, M., Dietz, R., Neuhaus, K. L., Janosi, A., Thorgeirsson, G., Dunselman, P. H., Gullestad, L., Kuch, J., Herlitz, J., Rickenbacher, P., Ball, S., Gottlieb, S., & Deedwania, P. 2000, "Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: the Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). MERIT-HF Study Group. [see comments.]", JAMA, vol. 283, no. 10, pp. 1295-1302.


Hobbs, R. E. 1997, "Digoxin’s effect on mortality and hospitalization in heart failure: implications of the DIG study. Digitalis Investigation Group", Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, vol. 64, pp. 234-237.

Duplicate of study (ID 1018)

273 Hobbs, R. E. 1998, "Results of the ATLAS study. High or low doses of ACE inhibitors for heart failure?", Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, vol. 65, pp. 539-542.


61 Hofman, B. C., Rehnqvist, N., Swedberg, K., Wiklund, I., & Astrom, H. 1995, "Coenzyme Q10 as an adjunctive in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. The Q10 Study Group", Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 1, pp. 101-107.

Included

175 Hood, W. B., Dans, A., Guyatt, G. H., Jaeschke, R., & McMurray, J. V. 2001, "Digitalis for treatment of congestive heart failure in patients in sinus rhythm", Cochrane Database Syst.Rev no. 3.

Included

269 Hummel, S., Piercy, J., Wright, R., Davie, A., Bagust, A., & McMurray, J. 1997, "An economic analysis of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Study. Application to the United Kingdom", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 12, no. 2 Pt 1, pp. 182-192.

Economic analysis

Hung, M. J., Cherng, W. J., Wang, C. H., & Kuo, L. T. 2001, "Effects of verapamil in normal elderly individuals with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction", Echocardiography, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 123-129.

N<30 patients

Huttl, S., Nussberger, J., Lehmann, K., Hasford, J., Brunner, H. R., & Delius, W. 1995, "Beneficial clinical effect of very early enalapril treatment in patients with acute left ventricular failure complicating myocardial infarction", Clinical Cardiology, vol. 18, pp. 317-323.

N<30 patients


Page 74 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion pp. 317-323.

Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Systolic Function I-PRESERVE. 2002. Ref Type: Generic

In progress

Jacob, S., Rett, K., Wicklmayr, M., Agrawal, B., Augustin, H. J., & Dietze, G. J. 1996, "Differential effect of chronic treatment with two beta-blocking agents on insulin sensitivity: the carvedilol-metoprolol study", J Hypertens., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 489-494.

Comparison of drugs

308 Jaeschke, R., Oxman, A. D., & Guyatt, G. H. 1990, "To what extent do congestive heart failure patients in sinus rhythm benefit from digoxin therapy? A systematic overview and meta-analysis. [Review] [43 refs]", American Journal of Medicine, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 279-286.

Included

Jhund, P. S., Davie, A. P., & McMurray, J. J. 2001, "Aspirin inhibits the acute venodilator response to furosemide in patients with chronic heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 1234-1238.


Joglar, J. A., Acusta, A. P., Shusterman, N. H., Ramaswamy, K., Kowal, R. C., Barbera, S. J., Hamdan, M. H., & Page, R. L. 2001, "Effect of carvedilol on survival and hemodynamics in patients with atrial fibrillation and left ventricular dysfunction: retrospective analysis of the US Carvedilol Heart Failure Trials Program", American Heart Journal, vol. 142, no. 3, pp. 498-501.

Design not RCT

Johnson, G., Carson, P., Francis, G. S., & Cohn, J. N. 1993, "Influence of prerandomization (baseline) variables on mortality and on the reduction of mortality by enalapril. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Vasodilator Therapy of Heart Failure (V-HeFT II). V-HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group", Circulation, vol. 87, p. VI32-VI39.

Design not RCT

Johnson, R. G., Goldberger, A. L., Thurer, R. L., Schwartz, M., Sirois, C., & Weintraub, R. M. 1993, "Lidocaine prophylaxis in coronary revascularization patients: a randomized, prospective trial", Annals of Thoracic Surgery, vol. 55, pp. 1180-1184.



Page 75 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Julian, D. G., Camm, A. J., Frangin, G., Janse, M. J., Munoz, A.,

Schwartz, P. J., & Simon, P. 1997, "Randomised trial of effect of amiodarone on mortality in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction after recent myocardial infarction: EMIAT. European Myocardial Infarct Amiodarone Trial Investigators [published errata appear in Lancet 1997 Apr 19;349(9059):1180 and 1997 Jun 14;349(9067):1776] [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 349, pp. 667-674.

RCT Covered in systematic review (ID 560 / 571)

Just, H., Drexler, H., Taylor, S. H., Siegrist, J., Schulgen, G., & Schumacher, M. 1993, "Captopril versus digoxin in patients with coronary artery disease and mild heart failure. A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study. The CADS Study Group", Herz, vol. 18, no. Suppl 1, pp. 436-443.

Comparison of drugs

Kamali, F. & Edwards, C. 1995, "Possible role of metabolite in flosequinan-related mortality", Clinical Pharmacokinetics, vol. 29, pp. 396-403.

Design not RCT

Kane, R. L., Chen, Q., Finch, M., Blewett, L., Burns, R., & Moskowitz, M. 2000, "The optimal outcomes of post-hospital care under medicare", Health Services Research, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 615-661.

Design not RCT

Kannel, W. B. 1996, "Need and prospects for prevention of cardiac failure", European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 49, no. Suppl 1, p. S3-S9.

Design not RCT Not relevant intervention

Karlsberg, R. P., DeWood, M. A., DeMaria, A. N., Berk, M. R., & Lasher, K. P. 1996, "Comparative efficacy of short-term intravenous infusions of milrinone and dobutamine in acute congestive heart failure following acute myocardial infarction. Milrinone-Dobutamine Study Group", Clinical Cardiology, vol. 19, pp. 21-30.

To be reviewed

Kassis, E. & Amtorp, O. 1990, "Long-term clinical, hemodynamic, angiographic, and neurohumoral responses to vasodilation with felodipine in patients with chronic congestive heart failure", Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, vol. 15, pp. 347-352.

N<30 patients

Kato, K. 1997, "Clinical efficacy and safety of pimobendan in treatment of heart failure--experience in Japan", Cardiology, vol. 88, no. Suppl 2, pp. 28-36.

N<30 patients


Page 76 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 159 Keith, M. E., Jeejeebhoy, K. N., Langer, A., Kurian, R., Barr, A.,

O’Kelly, B., & Sole, M. J. 2001, "A controlled clinical trial of vitamin E supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 219-224.

Included

Kendall, M. J. 1999, "Possible mechanisms of action in the positive effect of beta blockers in heart failure", Heart, vol. 82 Suppl 4, p. IV5-IV7.

Design not RCT

Kendall, M. J. 2000, "Beta-blockers: Recognising the assets in relation to coronary artery disease", Basic Research in Cardiology, vol. 95, no. Suppl 1, p. I/31-I/36.

Design not RCT

Keren, G., Pardes, A., Eschar, Y., Koifman, B., Scherez, J., Geleranter, I., & Laniado, S. 1994, "One-year clinical and echocardiographic follow-up of patients with congestive cardiomyopathy treated with captopril compared to placebo", Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 30, pp. 90-98.


Khattar, R. S., Senior, R., Soman, P., van der, D. R., & Lahiri, A. 2001, "Regression of left ventricular remodeling in chronic heart failure: Comparative and combined effects of captopril and carvedilol", American Heart Journal, vol. 142, no. 4, pp. 704-713.

Comparison of drugs

Kjekshus, J. & Swedberg, K. 1988, "Tolerability of enalapril in congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 62, pp. 67A-72A.


Kjekshus, J. & Swedberg, K. 1989, "Enalapril for congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 63, pp. 26D-32D.

RCT covered in systemitic review

126 Kjekshus, J., Pedersen, T.-R., Olsson, A.-G., Faergeman, O., and, P., & K.- 1997, "The effects of simvastatin on the incidence of heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease", Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 3, pp. 249-254.

Not HF population

Kjekshus, J., Swedberg, K., & Snapinn, S. 1992, "Effects of enalapril on long-term mortality in severe congestive heart failure. CONSENSUS Trial Group", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 69, pp. 103-107.



Page 77 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Kjoller-Hansen, L., Steffensen, R., & Grande, P. 2001, "Beneficial

effects of ramipril on left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes after uncomplicated invasive revascularization are associated with a reduction in cardiac events in patients with moderately impaired left ventricular function and no clinical heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 1214-1220.

Not HF population

Kleber, F. X. & Niemoller, L. 1993, "Long-term survival in the Munich Mild Heart Failure Trial (MHFT)", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 71, pp. 1237-1239.


Kleber, F. X., Niemoller, L., & Doering, W. 1992, "Impact of converting enzyme inhibition on progression of chronic heart failure: results of the Munich Mild Heart Failure Trial", British Heart Journal, vol. 67, pp. 289-296.


Kleber, F. X., Niemoller, L., Fischer, M., & Doering, W. 1991, "Influence of severity of heart failure on the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 68, pp. 121D-126D.


Kluger, J., Leech, S., Reidenberg, M.-M., Lloyd, V., and, D., & D.-E.- 1981, "Long-term antiarrhythmic therapy with acetylprocainamide", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 48, pp. 1124-1132.

Design not RCT

110 Kober, L., Bloch, T., Moller, M., Torp-Pedersen, C., Carlsen, J., Sandoe, E., Egstrup, K., Agner, E., Videbaek, J., Marchant, B., Camm, A. J., & Danish, I. 2000, "Effect of dofetilide in patients with recent myocardial infarction and left-ventricular dysfunction: a randomised trial", Lancet, vol. 356, no. 9247, pp. 2052-2058.

Included

Kober, L., Torp, P. C., Carlsen, J. E., Bagger, H., Eliasen, P., Lyngborg, K., Videbaek, J., Cole, D. S., Auclert, L., Pauly, N. C., Aliot, E., Persson, S., & Camm, A. J. 1995, "A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction", New England Journal of Medicine., vol. 333, pp. 1670-1676.



Page 78 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Kober, L., Torp, P. C., Carlsen, J. E., Bagger, H., Eliasen, P.,

Lyngborg, K., Videbaek, J., Cole, D. S., Auclert, L., Pauly, N. C., Aliot, E., Persson, S., & Camm, A. J. 1996, "A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction", Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift., vol. 138, pp. 35-42.


Kober, L., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., Carlsen, J. E., Bagger, H., Eliasen, P., Lyngborg, K., & Videbaek, J. 1997, "The prognostic importance of treatment with trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction following AMI. <ORIGINAL> TRANDOLAPRILS BETYDNING FOR OVERLEVELSE EFTER AMI HOS PATIENTER MED NEDSAT FUNKTION AF VENSTRE VENTRIKEL", Ugeskrift for Laeger, vol. 159, pp. 1616-1622.


Konstam, M. A., Patten, R. D., Thomas, I., Ramahi, T., La, B., Goldman, S., Lewis, W., Gradman, A., Self, K. S., Bittner, V., Rand, W., Kinan, D., Smith, J. J., Ford, T., Segal, R., & Udelson, J. E. 2000, "Effects of losartan and captopril on left ventricular volumes in elderly patients with heart failure: results of the ELITE ventricular function substudy", American Heart Journal, vol. 139, no. 6, pp. 1081-1087.

N<30 patients

Kostis, J. B. 1995, "The effect of enalapril on mortal and morbid events in patients with hypertension and left ventricular dysfunction", American Journal of Hypertension., vol. 8, pp. 909-914.

Secondary analysis

Kostis, J. B. 2000, "Beneficial effects of vasopeptidase inhibition on mortality and morbidity in heart failure: Evidence from the Omapatrilat Heart Failure Program", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 35, no. 2 Suppl A, p. 240A.

In progress

Kostis, J. B., Garland, W. T., Delaney, C., Norton, J., & Liao, W. C. 1995, "Fosinopril: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in congestive heart failure", Clin Pharmacol.Ther., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 660-665.


Kostis, J. B., Lacy, C. R., Cosgrove, N. M., & Wilson, A. C. 1997, "Association of calcium channel blocker use with increased rate of acute myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction", American Heart Journal, vol. 133, pp. 550-557.

Subgroup analysis


Page 79 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Kostis, J. B., Rosen, R. C., Cosgrove, N. M., Shindler, D. M., &

Wilson, A. C. 1994, "Nonpharmacologic therapy improves functional and emotional status in congestive heart failure", Chest, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 996-1001.

Included

Kostis, J. B., Shelton, B., Gosselin, G., Goulet, C., Hood, W. B., Jr., Kohn, R. M., Kubo, S. H., Schron, E., Weiss, M. B., Willis, P. W., III, Young, J. B., & Probstfield, J. 1996, "Adverse effects of enalapril in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). SOLVD Investigators", American Heart Journal, vol. 131, pp. 350-355.

Secondary analysis

127 Krum, H. & McMurray, J. J. 2002, "Statins and chronic heart failure: do we need a large-scale outcome trial?", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1567-1573.


Krum, H. 1997, "Beta-adrenoceptor blockers in chronic heart failure--a review", Br.J Clin.Pharmacol., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 111-118.

Design not RCT

Krum, H., Sackner-Bernstein, J. D., Goldsmith, R. L., Kukin, M. L., Schwartz, B., Penn, J., Medina, N., Yushak, M., Horn, E., Katz, S. D., & . 1995, "Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the long-term efficacy of carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure", Circulation, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 1499-1506.


Krum, H., Shusterman, N., MacMahon, S., and, S., & N.- 1998, "Efficacy and safety of carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure receiving concomitant amiodarone therapy. Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group", Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 4, pp. 281-288.

Design not RCT

Krumholz, H. M., Chen, Y. T., & Radford, M. J. 2001, "Aspirin and the treatment of heart failure in the elderly", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 161, no. 4, pp. 577-582.

Included in systematic review (ID 1503)

Kubo, S. H., Gollub, S., Bourge, R., Rahko, P., Cobb, F., Jessup, M., Brozena, S., Brodsky, M., Kirlin, P., & Shanes, J. 1992, "Beneficial effects of pimobendan on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Results of a multicenter trial. The Pimobendan Multicenter Research Group", Circulation, vol. 85, pp. 942-949.

RCT Covered in systematic review (ID 579)


Page 80 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Kubo, T., Azevedo, E. R., Newton, G. E., Parker, J. D., & Floras,

J. S. 2001, "Lack of evidence for peripheral alpha<inf>1</inf>-adrenoceptor blockade during long-term treatment of heart failure with carvedilol", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 1463-1469.


Kukin, M. L., Freudenberger, R. S., Mannino, M. M., Kalman, J., Steinmetz, M., Buchholz, V. C., & Ocampo, O. N. 1999, "Short-term and long-term hemodynamic and clinical effects of metoprolol alone and combined with amlodipine in patients with chronic heart failure", American Heart Journal, vol. 138, pp. 261-268.

N<30 patients

Kukin, M. L., Kalman, J., Mannino, M., Freudenberger, R., Buchholz, C., & Ocampo, O. 1996, "Combined alpha-beta blockade (doxazosin plus metoprolol) compared with beta blockade alone in chronic congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 77, pp. 486-491.

Design not RCT

Kukin, M. L., Mannino, M. M., Freudenberger, R. S., Kalman, J., Buchholz-Varley, C., & Ocampo, O. 2000, "Hemodynamic comparison of twice daily metoprolol tartrate with once daily metoprolol succinate in congestive heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 45-50.

Comparison of drugs

Kupersmith, J., Holmes-Rovner, M., Hogan, A., Rovner, D., & Gardiner, J. 1995, "Cost-effectiveness analysis in heart disease, Part III: Ischemia, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias", Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 307-346.

Economic analysis

Langtry, H. D. & Markham, A. 1997, "Lisinopril. A review of its pharmacology and clinical efficacy in elderly patients. [Review] [240 refs]", Drugs & Aging, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 131-166.

Design not RCT

120 Lapane, K. L., Hume, A. L., Barbour, M. M., & Lipsitz, L. A. 2002, "Does aspirin attenuate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on health outcomes of very old patients with heart failure?", Journal of the American Geriatrics Society., vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 1198-1204.

Included


Page 81 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Larsen, A. I., Goransson, L., Aarsland, T., Tamby, J. F., &

Dickstein, K. 1997, "Comparison of the degree of hemodynamic tolerance during intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin versus nicorandil in patients with congestive heart failure", American Heart Journal, vol. 134, pp. 435-441.


Latham, R. D., Mulrow, J. P., Virmani, R., Robinowitz, M., & Moody, J. M. 1989, "Recently diagnosed idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: incidence of myocarditis and efficacy of prednisone therapy", American Heart Journal, vol. 117, pp. 876-882.


Latini, R. 2001, "Sustained decrease in plasma brain natriuretic peptide by valsartan in the Val-HeFT trial, effect of concomitant ACE inhibitors and betablockers at entry", Circulation, vol. 104, no. 17 Suppl. 2, p. II-594.


Latini, R., Santoro, E., Masson, S., Tavazzi, L., Maggioni, A. P., Franzosi, M. G., Barlera, S., Calvillo, L., Salio, M., Staszewsky, L., Labarta, V., Tognoni, G., & GISSI-3 Investigators 2000, "Aspirin does not interact with ACE inhibitors when both are given early after acute myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-3 Trial. [see comments.]", Heart Disease, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 185-190.

Included in systematic review (ID 1503)

Post hoc analysis

Lechat, P., Hulot, J. S., Escolano, S., Mallet, A., Leizorovicz, A., Werhlen-Grandjean, M., Pochmalicki, G., & Dargie, H. 2001, "Heart rate and cardiac rhythm relationships with bisoprolol benefit in chronic heart failure in CIBIS II Trial", Circulation, vol. 103, no. 10, pp. 1428-1433.

Not relevant outcome Secondary analysis

Lechat, P., Lardoux, H., Mallet, A., Sanchez, P., Derumeaux, G., Lecompte, T., Maillard, L., Mas, J. L., Mentre, F., Pousset, F., Lacomblez, L., Pisica, G., Solbes-Latourette, S., Raynaud, P., Chaumet-Riffaud, P., & The FFAACS (Fluindione, F. A. A. e. C. S. I. 2001, "Anticoagulant (fluindione)-aspirin combination in patients with high-risk atrial fibrillation. A randomized trial (Fluindione, Fibrillation Auriculaire, Aspirin et Contraste Spontane; FFAACS)", Cerebrovascular Diseases, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 245-252.



Page 82 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Lechat, P., Packer, M., Chalon, S., Cucherat, M., Arab, T., &

Boissel, J. P. 1998, "Clinical effects of beta-adrenergic blockade in chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trials. [see comments]", Circulation, vol. 98, no. 12, pp. 1184-1191.

Trial superceded

Leizorovicz, A., Lechat, P., Cucherat, M., & Bugnard, F. 2002, "Bisoprolol for the treatment of chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis on individual data of two placebo-controlled studies--CIBIS and CIBIS II. Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study", American Heart Journal, vol. 143, no. 2, pp. 301-307.


Leopold, G. 1986, "Balanced pharmacokinetics and metabolism of bisoprolol", J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol., vol. 8 Suppl 11, p. S16-S20.

Design not RCT

Leor, J., Reicher-Reiss, H., Goldbourt, U., Boyko, V., Gottlieb, S., Battler, A., & Behar, S. 1999, "Aspirin and mortality in patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a cohort study of 11,575 patients with coronary artery disease. [see comments.]", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1920-1925.

Included

LePen, C., Lilliu, H., Keller, T., & Fiessinger, S. 1998, "The economics of TRACE. A cost-effectiveness analysis of trandolapril in postinfarction patients with left ventricular dysfunction", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 49-58.

Economic analysis

Levinson, D. C. 1951, "Evaluation of Anticoagulant Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure", Circulation, vol. 4, pp. 416-419.

Trial predates modern therapies

Levy, E. 1998, "From cost of illness to cost-effectiveness in heart failure", European Heart Journal, vol. 19, no. SUPPL P, pp. 2-4.

Economic analysis

Levy, P., Lechat, P., Leizorovicz, A., & Levy, E. 1998, "A cost-minimization of heart failure therapy with bisoprolol in the French setting: an analysis from CIBIS trial data. Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study", Cardiovascular Drugs & Therapy, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 301-305.

Economic analysis


Page 83 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Lewis, B. S., Rabinowitz, B., Schlesinger, Z., Caspi, A.,

Markiewicz, W., Rosenfeld, T., Sclarovsky, S., & Ermer, W. 1999, "Effect of isosorbide-5-mononitrate on exercise performance and clinical status in patients with congestive heart failure. Results of the Nitrates in Congestive Heart Failure (NICE) Study", Cardiology, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 1-7.

Included

Liao, Y. H. 1998, "Interventional study of diltiazem in dilated cardiomyopathy: a report of multiple centre clinical trial in China. Chinese Cooperative Group of Diltiazem Intervention Trial in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. [see comments]", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 64, pp. 25-30.

Included

Lichstein, E., Hager, W. D., Gregory, J. J., Fleiss, J. L., Rolnitzky, L. M., & Bigger, J. T., Jr. 1990, "Relation between beta-adrenergic blocker use, various correlates of left ventricular function and the chance of developing congestive heart failure. The Multicenter Diltiazem Post-Infarction Research Group", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 16, pp. 1327-1332.

Not HF population

133 Lin, M., Chiang, H. T., Chen, C. Y., & Chiang, B. N. 1991, "Comparison of enalapril and conventional vasodilator therapy in patients with chronic congestive heart failure", Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, vol. 90, pp. 452-459.

Included

Lip, G. Y. & Gibbs, C. R. 2001, "Anticoagulation for heart failure in sinus rhythm", Cochrane Database Syst.Rev no. 4, p. CD003336.

Included

113 Lip, G. Y. & Gibbs, C. R. 2001, "Antiplatelet agents versus control or anticoagulation for heart failure in sinus rhythm", Cochrane Database Syst.Rev no. 4, p. CD003333.

Included

Li-Saw-Hee, F. L. & Lip, G. Y. 1999, "Atrial fibrillation, thromboembolism and antithrombotic therapy. [Review] [86 refs]", International Journal of Clinical Practice, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 110-117.

Not HF population

Lock, M. & Chun, R. 1999, "What’s old is new again. Spironolactone and heart failure", Canadian Family Physician, vol. 45, pp. 2621-2622.



Page 84 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Lokhandwala, M. F. & Hegde, S. S. 1991, "Cardiovascular

pharmacology of adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors: therapeutic significance in congestive heart failure. [Review] [90 refs]", American Journal of Medicine, vol. 90, no. 5B, pp. 2S-9S.

Design not RCT

Louis, A., Cleland, J. G., Crabbe, S., Ford, S., Thackray, S., Houghton, T., & Clark, A. 2001, "Clinical Trials Update: CAPRICORN, COPERNICUS, MIRACLE, STAF, RITZ-2, RECOVER and RENAISSANCE and cachexia and cholesterol in heart failure. Highlights of the Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology, 2001. [Review] [22 refs]", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 381-387.

Design not RCT

Lowes, B. D., Gill, E. A., Abraham, W. T., Larrain, J. R., Robertson, A. D., Bristow, M. R., & Gilbert, E. M. 1999, "Effects of carvedilol on left ventricular mass, chamber geometry, and mitral regurgitation in chronic heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 83, no. 8, pp. 1201-1205.


139 Lowes, B. D., Higginbotham, M., Petrovich, L., DeWood, M. A., Greenberg, M. A., Rahko, P. S., Dec, G. W., LeJemtel, T. H., Roden, R. L., Schleman, M. M., Robertson, A. D., Gorczynski, R. J., & Bristow, M. R. 2000, "Low-dose enoximone improves exercise capacity in chronic heart failure. Enoximone Study Group", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 501-508.

Included

72 Lubsen, J., Chadha, D. R., Yotof, Y. T., & Swedberg, K. 1996, "Meta-analysis of morbidity and mortality in five exercise capacity trials evaluating ramipril in chronic congestive cardiac failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 77, no. 14, pp. 1191-1196.

Included

142 Lubsen, J., Just, H., Hjalmarsson, A. C., La Framboise, D., Remme, W. J., Heinrich, N. J., Dumont, J. M., & Seed, P. 1996, "Effect of pimobendan on exercise capacity in patients with heart failure: main results from the Pimobendan in Congestive Heart Failure (PICO) trial", Heart, vol. 76, pp. 223-231.

Included

Luparini, R. L., Celli, V., & Piccirillo, G. 2000, "Carvedilol in elderly patients with chronic heart failure, a twelve week randomised, placebo controlled trial", Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 275-282.

Included


Page 85 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Macdonald, P. S., Keogh, A. M., Aboyoun, C. L., Lund, M., Amor,

R., & McCaffrey, D. J. 1999, "Tolerability and efficacy of carvedilol in patients with New York Heart Association class IV heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 924-931.

Design not RCT

Magnani, B. & et al "Comparison of Fosinopril with Enalipril in Patients with Moderate to Severe Heart Failure", p. P136.

Comparison of drugs

Magnani, B. 1988, "Converting enzyme inhibition and heart failure", American Journal of Medicine, vol. 84, pp. 87-91.


Malek, M. 1999, "Health economics of heart failure", Heart, vol. 82 Suppl 4, p. IV11-IV13.

Economic analysis

Malek, M., Cunningham-Davis, J., Malek, L., Paschen, B., Tavakoli, M., Zabihollah, M., & Davey, P. 1999, "A cost minimisation analysis of cardiac failure treatment in the UK using CIBIS trial data. Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study", International Journal of Clinical Practice, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 19-23.

Economic analysis

Man, i. 1991, "Ibopamine in the treatment of heart failure. [Review] [27 refs]", American Journal of Medicine, vol. 90, no. 5B, pp. 50S-54S.

Design not RCT

73 Mancini, G. B. 2000, "Long-term use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors to modify endothelial dysfunction: a review of clinical investigations. [Review] [74 refs]", Clinical & Investigative Medicine - Medecine Clinique et Experimentale, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 144-161.

Included

Mandelzweig, L., ., Goldbourt, U., Reicher, Reiss, H., Behar, S., and, K., & E.- 1993, "Nifedipine does not improve survival in AMI patients without heart failure. The SPRINT Study Group [letter]", Cardiovascular Drugs & Therapy, vol. 7, pp. 117-118.

Not HF population

Marill, K. A. & Runge, T. 2001, "Meta-analysis of the Risk of Torsades de Pointes in patients treated with intravenous racemic sotalol.", Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 117-124.


Mark, D. B. 1997, "Economics of treating heart failure. [Review] [14 refs]", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 80, no. 8B, pp. 33H-38H.

Economic analysis


Page 86 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Martinez, C. & Ball, S. G. 1995, "Cost-effectiveness of ramipril

therapy for patients with clinical evidence of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction", British Journal of Clinical Practice, vol. 49, no. SUPPL. 78, pp. 26-32.

Economic analysis

Massie, B. M., Armstrong, P. W., Cleland, J. G., Horowitz, J. D., Packer, M., Poole-Wilson, P. A., & Ryden, L. 1922, "Toleration of high doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the ATLAS trial. The Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril and Survival", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 161, no. 2, pp. 165-171.


Massie, B. M., Berk, M. R., Brozena, S. C., Elkayam, U., Plehn, J. F., Kukin, M. L., Packer, M., Murphy, B. E., Neuberg, G. W., & Steingart, R. M. 1993, "Can further benefit be achieved by adding flosequinan to patients with congestive heart failure who remain symptomatic on diuretic, digoxin, and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor? Results of the flosequinan-ACE inhibitor trial (FACET)", Circulation, vol. 88, pp. 492-501.

Included

Massie, B., Bourassa, M., DiBianco, R., Hess, M., Konstam, M., Likoff, M., & Packer, M. 1985, "Long-term oral administration of amrinone for congestive heart failure: lack of efficacy in a multicenter controlled trial", Circulation, vol. 71, pp. 963-971.


Mathew, J., Sleight, P., Lonn, E., Johnstone, D., Pogue, J., Yi, Q., Bosch, J., Sussex, B., Probstfield, J., Yusuf, S., & Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Investigators 2001, "Reduction of cardiovascular risk by regression of electrocardiographic markers of left ventricular hypertrophy by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril. [see comments.]", Circulation, vol. 104, no. 14, pp. 1615-1621.

Not HF population

Mazayev, V. P., Fomina, I. G., Kazakov, E. N., Sulimov, V. A., Zvereva, T. V., Lyusov, V. A., Orlov, V. A., Olbinskaya, L. I., Bolshakova, T. D., Sullivan, J., & Spormann, D. O. 1998, "Valsartan in heart failure patients previously untreated with an ACE inhibitor", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 239-246.



Page 87 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 220 McAlister, F. A., Lawson, F. M., Teo, K. K., & Armstrong, P. W.

2001, "A systematic review of randomized trials of disease management programs in heart failure. [see comments]", American Journal of Medicine, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. 378-384.

Included

McClean, D. R., Ikram, H., Garlick, A. H., & Crozier, I. G. 2001, "Effects of omapatrilat on systemic arterial function in patients with chronic heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 87, no. 5, pp. 565-569.


McClean, D. R., Ikram, H., Garlick, A. H., Richards, A. M., Nicholls, M. G., & Crozier, I. G. 2000, "The clinical, cardiac, renal, arterial and neurohormonal effects of omapatrilat, a vasopeptidase inhibitor, in patients with chronic heart failure", J Am.Coll.Cardiol., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 479-486.


284

McMurray, J. & Davie, A. 1996, "The pharmacoeconomics of ACE inhibitors in chronic heart failure. [Review] [43 refs]", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 188-197.

Economic analysis

McMurray, J., Bacquet, P., & Levy, E. 2000, "Reduced costs with bisoprolol treatment for heart failure: an economic analysis of the second cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study (CIBIS II)", Eur.Heart J no. Abstract Supplement, p. P956.

Economic analysis

McNamara, D. M., Holubkov, R., Starling, R. C., Dec, G. W., Loh, E., Torre-Amione, G., Gass, A., Janosko, K., Tokarczyk, T., Kessler, P., Mann, D. L., & Feldman, A. M. 2001, "Controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin in recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy", Circulation, vol. 103, no. 18, pp. 2254-2259.

To be reviewed

Metra, M., Giubbini, R., Nodari, S., Boldi, E., Modena, M. G., & Dei, C. L. 2000, "Differential effects of beta-blockers in patients with heart failure: A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of the long-term effects of metoprolol versus carvedilol", Circulation, vol. 102, no. 5, pp. 546-551.

Comparison of drugs

Miettinen, T. A., Pyorala, K., Olsson, A. G., Musliner, T. A., Cook, T. J., Faergeman, O., Berg, K., Pedersen, T., & Kjekshus, J. 1997, "Cholesterol-lowering therapy in women and elderly patients with myocardial infarction or angina pectoris: findings from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). [see comments.]", Circulation, vol. 96, no. 12, pp. 4211-4218.



Page 88 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion MIMS. July. 2001. Ref Type: Generic Included

Miric, M., Miskovic, A., Vasiljevic, J. D., Keserovic, N., & Pesic, M. 1995, "Interferon and thymic hormones in the therapy of human myocarditis and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy", European Heart Journal, vol. 16, no. Suppl O, pp. 150-152.

Included

Moe, G. W., Rouleau, J. L., Charbonneau, L., Proulx, G., Arnold, J. M., Hall, C., de, C., Barr, A., Sirois, P., & Packer, M. 2000, "Neurohormonal activation in severe heart failure: relations to patient death and the effect of treatment with flosequinan", American Heart Journal, vol. 139, no. 4, pp. 587-595.

Not relevant outcome Not relevant intervention

Morisco, C., Condorelli, M., Crepaldi, G., Rizzon, P., Zardini, P., Villa, G., Argenziano, L., & Trimarco, B. 1997, "Lisinopril in the treatment of congestive heart failure in elderly patients: comparison versus captopril", Cardiovascular Drugs & Therapy, vol. 11, pp. 63-69.

Comparison of drugs

Morisco, C., Cuocolo, A., Romano, M., Nappi, A., Iaccarino, G., Volpe, M., Salvatore, M., & Trimarco, B. 1996, "Influence of digitalis on left ventricular functional response to exercise in congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 77, pp. 480-485.

N<30 patients

60 Morisco, C., Trimarco, B., & Condorelli, M. 1993, "Effect of coenzyme Q10 therapy in patients with congestive heart failure: a long-term multicenter randomized study", Clinical Investigator, vol. 71, p. S134-S136.

Included

Moruzzi, P., Doria, E., & Agostoni, P. G. 1996, "Medium-term effectiveness of L-thyroxine treatment in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. [see comments]", American Journal of Medicine, vol. 101, pp. 461-467.

N<30 patients

Moye, L. A., Pfeffer, M. A., Wun, C. C., Davis, B. R., Geltman, E., Hayes, D., Farnham, D. J., Randall, O. S., Dinh, H., & Arnold, J. M. 1994, "Uniformity of captopril benefit in the SAVE Study: subgroup analysis. Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Study", European Heart Journal, vol. 15, no. Suppl B, pp. 2-8.


Moyses, C. & Higgins, T. J. 1992, "Safety of long-term use of lisinopril for congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 70, pp. 91C-97C.



Page 89 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Mulrow, C. D., Mulrow, J. P., Linn, W. D., Aguilar, C., & Ramirez,

G. 1988, "Relative efficacy of vasodilator therapy in chronic congestive heart failure. Implications of randomized trials", JAMA, vol. 259, no. 23, pp. 3422-3426.

Included

Mulrow, J. P. & Crawford, M. H. 1989, "Clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutic use of hydralazine in congestive heart failure. [Review] [81 refs]", Clinical Pharmacokinetics, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 86-89.

Design not RCT

Murdoch, D. R., McDonagh, T. A., Farmer, R., Morton, J. J., McMurray, J. J., & Dargie, H. J. 2001, "ADEPT: Addition of the AT1 receptor antagonist eprosartan to ACE inhibitor therapy in chronic heart failure trial: hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects", American Heart Journal, vol. 141, no. 5, pp. 800-807.


Mylona, P. & Cleland, J. G. 1999, "Update of REACH-1 and MERIT-HF clinical trials in heart failure. Cardio.net Editorial Team", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 1, pp. 197-200.

Design not RCT

Nanas, J. N., Alexopoulos, G., Anastasiou-Nana, M. I., Karidis, K., Tirologos, A., Zobolos, S., Pirgakis, V., Anthopoulos, L., Sideris, D., Stamatelopoulos, S. F., & Moulopoulos, S. D. 2000, "Outcome of patients with congestive heart failure treated with standard versus high doses of enalapril: a multicenter study. High Enalapril Dose Study Group. [see comments.]", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 2090-2095.


Nanas, J. N., Kontoyannis, D. A., Alexopoulos, G. P., Anastasiou-Nana, M. I., Tsagalou, E. P., Stamatelopoulos, S. F., & Moulopoulos, S. D. 2001, "Long-term intermittent dobutamine infusion combined with oral amiodarone improves the survival of patients with severe congestive heart failure", Chest, vol. 119, no. 4, pp. 1173-1178.

Design not RCT

Narahara, K. A. 1991, "Oral enoximone therapy in chronic heart failure: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. The Western Enoximone Study Group", American Heart Journal, vol. 121, pp. 1471-1479.



Page 90 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Navookarasu, N. T., Rahman, A. R., & Abdullah, I. 1999, "First-

dose response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in congestive cardiac failure: a Malaysian experience", International Journal of Clinical Practice, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 25-30.


69 Neal, B., MacMahon, S., Chapman, N., & Blood, P. 2000, "Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 356, no. 9246, pp. 1955-1964.

Included

Newman, T. J., Maskin, C. S., Dennick, L. G., Meyer, J. H., Hallows, B. G., & Cooper, W. H. 1988, "Effects of captopril on survival in patients with heart failure", American Journal of Medicine, vol. 84, pp. 140-144.


Nguyen, K. N., Aursnes, I., & Kjekshus, J. 1997, "Interaction between enalapril and aspirin on mortality after acute myocardial infarction: subgroup analysis of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study II (CONSENSUS II). [see comments.]", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 115-119.

Included in systemaitc review (ID 1503)

Nicklas, J. M., McKenna, W. J., Stewart, R. A., Mickelson, J. K., Das, S. K., Schork, M. A., Krikler, S. J., Quain, L. A., Morady, F., & Pitt, B. 1991, "Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose amiodarone in patients with severe heart failure and asymptomatic frequent ventricular ectopy", American Heart Journal, vol. 122, pp. 1016-1021.

RCT Covered in systematic review (ID 506 / 571)

153 Nieminen, M. S., Akkila, J., Hasenfuss, G., Kleber, F. X., Lehtonen, L. A., Mitrovic, V., Nyquist, O., & Remme, W. J. 2000, "Hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of continuous infusion of levosimendan in patients with congestive heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1903-1912.

Included


Page 91 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Nony, P., Boissel, J. P., Girard, P., Leizorovicz, A., Lievre, M., &

Chifflet, R. 1992, "Relative efficacy of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality of patients with congestive heart failure: implications of randomized trials and role of the aetiology (ischaemic or non-ischaemic) of heart failure", European Heart Journal, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1101-1108.

Meta-analysis superceeded

Nony, P., Boissel, J. P., Lievre, M., Leizorovicz, A., Haugh, M. C., Fareh, S., & de, B. 1994, "Evaluation of the effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on mortality in chronic heart failure patients. A meta-analysis", European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 191-196.

Included

Northridge, D. B., Rose, E., Raftery, E. D., Lahiri, A., Elder, A. T., Shaw, T. R., Henderson, E., & Dargie, H. J. 1993, "A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of quinapril in mild, chronic heart failure", European Heart Journal, vol. 14, pp. 403-409.

Trial superceded

Nul, D. R., Doval, H. C., Grancelli, H. O., Varini, S. D., Soifer, S., Perrone, S. V., Prieto, N., & Scapin, O. 1997, "Heart rate is a marker of amiodarone mortality reduction in severe heart failure. The GESICA-GEMA Investigators. Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina-Grupo de Estudios Multicentricos en Argentina", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 29, pp. 1199-1205.

Not relevant outcome Design not RCT

O’Connell, J. B. & Moore, C. K. 1996, "Heart failure: epidemiology, economics and treatment", Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 569-574.

Design not RCT

145 O’Connor, C. M., Carson, P. E., Miller, A. B., Pressler, M. L., Belkin, R. N., Neuberg, G. W., Frid, D. J., Cropp, A. B., Anderson, S., Wertheimer, J. H., & DeMets, D. L. 1998, "Effect of amlodipine on mode of death among patients with advanced heart failure in the PRAISE trial. Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 82, pp. 881-887.

Included


Page 92 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion O’Connor, C. M., Gattis, W. A., Gheorghiade, M., Granger, C. B.,

Gilbert, J., McKenney, J. M., Messineo, F. C., Burnett, J. C., Katz, S. D., Elkayam, U., Kasper, E. K., Goldstein, S., Cody, R. J., & Massie, B. M. 1999, "A randomized trial of ecadotril versus placebo in patients with mild to moderate heart failure: the U.S. ecadotril pilot safety study. [see comments.]", American Heart Journal, vol. 138, no. 6 Pt 1, pp. 1140-1148.


O’Connor, C. M., Gattis, W. A., Uretsky, B. F., Adams, K. F. J., McNulty, S. E., Grossman, S. H., McKenna, W. J., Zannad, F., Swedberg, K., Gheorghiade, M., & Califf, R. M. 1999, "Continuous intravenous dobutamine is associated with an increased risk of death in patients with advanced heart failure: insights from the Flolan International Randomized Survival Trial (FIRST)", American Heart Journal, vol. 138, no. 1 Pt 1, pp. 78-86.

Subgroup analysis

138 Oliva, F., Latini, R., Politi, A., Staszewsky, L., Maggioni, A. P., Nicolis, E., & Mauri, F. 1999, "Intermittent 6-month low-dose dobutamine infusion in severe heart failure: DICE multicenter trial. [see comments.]", American Heart Journal, vol. 138, no. 2 Pt 1, pp. 247-253.

Included

Olsen, S. L., Gilbert, E. M., Renlund, D. G., Taylor, D. O., Yanowitz, F. D., & Bristow, M. R. 1995, "Carvedilol improves left ventricular function and symptoms in chronic heart failure: a double-blind randomized study", J Am Coll.Cardiol., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1225-1231.

RCT covered in systemaitc review (ID 1194)

Olsen, S. L., Gilbert, E. M., Renlund, D. G., Taylor, D. O., Yanowitz, F. D., & Bristow, M. R. 1995, "Carvedilol improves left ventricular function and symptoms in chronic heart failure: a double-blind randomized study. [see comments]", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 25, pp. 1225-1231.

RCT covered in systemaitc review

117 Olson, K. L. 2001, "Combined aspirin/ACE inhibitor treatment for CHF. [Review] [20 refs]", Annals of Pharmacotherapy, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 1653-1658.

Included

Olsson, G. & Rehnqvist, N. 1986, "Effect of metoprolol in postinfarction patients with increased heart size", European Heart Journal, vol. 7, pp. 468-474.

Not HF population


Page 93 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Omapatrilat Versus Enalapril Randomized Trial of Utility in

Reducing Events (The OVERTURE Study). 2002. In progress

Oral, H., Fisher, S. G., Fay, W. P., Singh, S. N., Fletcher, R. D., & Morady, F. 1999, "Effects of amiodarone on tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 388-391.


160 Osterziel, K. J., Strohm, O., Schuler, J., Friedrich, M., Hanlein, D., Willenbrock, R., Anker, S. D., Poole-Wilson, P. A., Ranke, M. B., & Dietz, R. 1998, "Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of human recombinant growth hormone in patients with chronic heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy", Lancet, vol. 351, pp. 1233-1237.

Included

O’Toole, L., Stewart, M., Padfield, P., & Channer, K. 1998, "Effect of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene on response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with heart failure", Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, vol. 32, pp. 988-994.


Oya, H., Nagaya, N., Furuichi, S., Nishikimi, T., Ueno, K., Nakanishi, N., Yamagishi, M., Kangawa, K., & Miyatake, K. 2000, "Comparison of intravenous adrenomedullin with atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 94-98.

N<30 patients

Pacher, R., Stanek, B., Globits, S., Berger, R., Hulsmann, M., Wutte, M., Frey, B., Schuller, M., Hartter, E., & Ogris, E. 1996, "Effects of two different enalapril dosages on clinical, haemodynamic and neurohumoral response of patients with severe congestive heart failure", European Heart Journal, vol. 17, pp. 1223-1232.


Packer, M. & Cohn, J. N. 1999, "Consensus recommendations for the management of chronic heart failure", Am J Cardiol., vol. 83, no. Suppli. 2A, pp. 1A-38A.

Design not RCT

Packer, M. 1989, "Effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on survival of patients with chronic congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 63, pp. 41A-45A.

Design not RCT


Page 94 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 83 Packer, M., Antonopoulos, G. V., Berlin, J. A., Chittams, J.,

Konstam, M. A., & Udelson, J. E. 2001, "Comparative effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on left ventricular ejection fraction in heart failure: results of a meta-analysis", Am Heart J, vol. 141, no. 6, pp. 899-907.

Comparison of drugs

Packer, M., Bristow, M. R., Cohn, J. N., Colucci, W. S., Fowler, M. B., Gilbert, E. M., & Shusterman, N. H. 1996, "The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. [see comments]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 334, pp. 1349-1355.


Packer, M., Carver, J. R., Rodeheffer, R. J., Ivanhoe, R. J., DiBianco, R., Zeldis, S. M., Hendrix, G. H., Bommer, W. J., Elkayam, U., Kukin, M. L., Mallis, G. I., Sollano, J. A., Shannon, J., Tandon, P. K., & DeMets, D. L. 1991, "Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 325, pp. 1468-1475.


82 Packer, M., Coats, A. J., Fowler, M. B., Katus, H. A., Krum, H., Mohacsi, P., Rouleau, J. L., Tendera, M., Castaigne, A., Roecker, E. B., Schultz, M. K., DeMets, D. L., & Carvedilol, P. 2001, "Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. [see comments.]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 344, no. 22, pp. 1651-1658.

Included

Packer, M., Colucci, W. S., Sackner-Bernstein, J. D., Liang, C. S., Goldscher, D. A., Freeman, I., Kukin, M. L., Kinhal, V., Udelson, J. E., Klapholz, M., Gottlieb, S. S., Pearle, D., Cody, R. J., Gregory, J. J., Kantrowitz, N. E., LeJemtel, T. H., Young, S. T., Lukas, M. A., & Shusterman, N. H. 1996, "Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of carvedilol in patients with moderate to severe heart failure. The PRECISE Trial. Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Carvedilol on Symptoms and Exercise. [see comments.]", Circulation, vol. 94, no. 11, pp. 2793-2799.



Page 95 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 136 Packer, M., Narahara, K. A., Elkayam, U., Sullivan, J. M., Pearle,

D. L., Massie, B. M., & Creager, M. A. 1993, "Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of flosequinan in patients with chronic heart failure. Principal Investigators of the REFLECT Study", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 22, pp. 65-72.

Included

147 Packer, M., O’Connor, C. M., Ghali, J. K., Pressler, M. L., Carson, P. E., Belkin, R. N., Miller, A. B., Neuberg, G. W., Frid, D., Wertheimer, J. H., Cropp, A. B., & DeMets, D. L. 1996, "Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation Study Group", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 335, no. 15, pp. 1107-1114.

Included

75 Packer, M., Poole-Wilson, P. A., Armstrong, P. W., Cleland, J. G., Horowitz, J. D., Massie, B. M., Ryden, L., Thygesen, K., & Uretsky, B. F. 1999, "Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. ATLAS Study Group", Circulation, vol. 100, no. 23, pp. 2312-2318.


Pagano, D., Townend, J. N., Horton, R., Smith, C., Clutton, B. T., & Bonser, R. S. 1996, "A comparison of inhaled nitric oxide with intravenous vasodilators in the assessment of pulmonary haemodynamics prior to cardiac transplantation", European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1120-1126.

Not HF population

Pahor, M., Psaty, B. M., Alderman, M. H., Applegate, W. B., Williamson, J. D., Cavazzini, C., & Furberg, C. D. 2000, "Health outcomes associated with calcium antagonists compared with other first-line antihypertensive therapies: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 356, no. 9246, pp. 1949-1954.

Included

Paolisso, G., Gambardella, A., Marrazzo, G., Verza, M., Teasuro, P., Varricchio, M., & D’Onofrio, F. 1992, "Metabolic and cardiovascular benefits deriving from beta-adrenergic blockade in chronic congestive heart failure", American Heart Journal, vol. 123, pp. 103-110.



Page 96 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 137 Parker, J. O. 1993, "The effects of oral ibopamine in patients with

mild heart failure--a double blind placebo controlled comparison to furosemide. The Ibopamine Study Group", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 40, pp. 221-227.

Included

Paul, S. D., Kuntz, K. M., Eagle, K. A., & Weinstein, M. C. 1994, "Costs and effectiveness of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in patients with congestive heart failure. [see comments]", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 154, no. 10, pp. 1143-1149.

Design not RCT Economic analysis

Pedersen, O. D., Bagger, H., Keller, N., Marchant, B., Kober, L., & Torp-Pedersen, C. 1917, "Efficacy of dofetilide in the treatment of atrial fibrillation-flutter in patients with reduced left ventricular function: a Danish investigations of arrhythmia and mortality on dofetilide (diamond) substudy", Circulation, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 292-296.

Subgroup analysis

Persson, H., Andreasson, K., Kahan, T., Eriksson, S. V., Tidgren, B., Hjemdahl, P., Hall, C., & Erhardt, L. 2002, "Neurohormonal activation in heart failure after acute myocardial infarction treated with beta-receptor antagonists", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 73-82.


Peters, D. H. & Benfield, P. 1994, "Metoprolol: a pharmacoeconomic and quality-of-life evaluation of its use in hypertension, post-myocardial infarction and dilated cardiomyopathy. [erratum appears in Pharmacoeconomics 1995 Jun;7(6):554]. [Review] [241 refs]", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 370-400.

Economic analysis

Peterson, J. G., Lauer, M. S., Young, J. B., Sapp, S., Califf, R. M., & Topol, E. J. 1998, "Evidence for an adverse interaction between ACE inhibitors and aspirin following myocardial infarction.", Journal of the American College.of Cardiology, vol. 31, no. Abstract, p. 96A.

Not HF population

Philbin, E. F. & Rocco, T. A. 1997, "Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function", American Heart Journal, vol. 134, pp. 188-195.

Design not RCT


Page 97 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 108 Piepoli, M., Villani, G. Q., Ponikowski, P., Wright, A., Flather, M.

D., & Coats, A. J. 1998, "Overview and meta-analysis of randomised trials of amiodarone in chronic heart failure", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 1-10.

Included

Pina, I. L. 1907, "Risks and benefits of a multidrug approach to mild-to-moderate heart failure. [Review] [10 refs]", American Journal of Medicine, vol. 110, no. Suppl 7A, pp. 63S-67S.

Design not RCT

Pitt, B. 1993, "Use of converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 22, pp. 158A-161A.


Pitt, B. 1995, "’Escape’ of aldosterone production in patients with left ventricular dysfunction treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor: Implications for therapy", Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy., vol. 9, pp. 145-149.


Pitt, B., O’Neill, B., Feldman, R., Ferrari, R., Schwartz, L., Mudra, H., Bass, T., Pepine, C., Texter, M., Haber, H., Uprichard, A., Cashin-Hemphill, L., Lees, R. S., & The, Q. U. I. E. 2001, "The QUinapril Ischemic Event Trial (QUIET): evaluation of chronic ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease and preserved left ventricular function", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 87, no. 9, pp. 1058-1063.


104 Pitt, B., Poole-Wilson, P. A., Segal, R., Martinez, F. A., Dickstein, K., Camm, A. J., Konstam, M. A., Riegger, G., Klinger, G. H., Neaton, J., Sharma, D., & Thiyagarajan, B. 2000, "Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial--the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. [see comments.]", Lancet, vol. 355, no. 9215, pp. 1582-1587.

Included

Pitt, B., Poole-Wilson, P., Segal, R., Martinez, F. A., Dickstein, K., Camm, A. J., Konstam, M. A., Riegger, G., Klinger, G. H., Neaton, J., Sharma, D., & Thiyagarajan, B. 1999, "Effects of losartan versus captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of patients in the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study--ELITE II. [see comments.]", Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 146-154.



Page 98 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Pitt, B., Segal, R., Martinez, F. A., Meurers, G., Cowley, A. J.,

Thomas, I., Deedwania, P. C., Ney, D. E., Snavely, D. B., & Chang, P. I. 1997, "Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study, ELITE). [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 349, pp. 747-752.

Trial superceded

Pitt, B., Williams, G., Remme, W., Martinez, F., Lopez-Sendon, J., Zannad, F., Neaton, J., Roniker, B., Hurley, S., Burns, D., Bittman, R., & Kleiman, J. 2001, "The EPHESUS trial: eplerenone in patients with heart failure due to systolic dysfunction complicating acute myocardial infarction. Eplerenone Post-AMI Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study. [see comments.]", Cardiovascular Drugs & Therapy, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 79-87.

Included

92 Pitt, B., Zannad, F., Remme, W. J., Cody, R., Castaigne, A., Perez, A., Palensky, J., & Wittes, J. 1999, "The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. [see comments]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 341, pp. 709-717.

Included

Plosker, G. L. & Sorkin, E. M. 1994, "Quinapril. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in cardiovascular disorders", Drugs, vol. 48, pp. 227-252.

Design not RCT

Pocock, S. J., McCormack, V., Gueyffier, F., Boutitie, F., Fagard, R. H., & Boissel, J. P. 2001, "A score for predicting risk of death from cardiovascular disease in adults with raised blood pressure, based on individual patient data from randomised controlled trials", BMJ, vol. 323, no. 7304, pp. 75-81.

Not relevant intervention Design not RCT

Poole-Wilson, P. 1998, "Clinical outcome with enalapril in symptomatic chronic heart failure; a dose comparison. The NETWORK Investigators", European Heart Journal, vol. 19, pp. 481-489.


Poole-Wilson, P. A. 2002, "Treatment of acute heart failure: out with the old, in with the new", JAMA, vol. 287, no. 12, pp. 1578-1580.

Design not RCT


Page 99 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 85 Poole-Wilson, P. A., Cleland, J. G., Di Lenarda, A., Hanrath, P.,

Komajda, M., Metra, M., Remme, J., Swedberg, K., & Torp-Pedersen, C. 2002, "Rationale and design of the carvedilol or metoprolol European trial in patients with chronic heart failure: COMET", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 321-329.

In progress

Poquet, F., Ferguson, J., & Rouleau, J. L. 1992, "The antiarrhythmic effect of the ACE inhibitor captopril in patients with congestive heart failure largely is due to its potassium sparing effects", Canadian Journal of Cardiology, vol. 8, pp. 589-595.

N<30 patients

Pouleur, H. 1992, "Results of the treatment trial of the studies of left ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD). The SOLVD Investigators", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 70, pp. 135C-136C.


Pouleur, H., Rousseau, M. F., Oakley, C., & Ryden, L. 1991, "Difference in mortality between patients treated with captopril or enalapril in the Xamoterol in Severe Heart Failure Study. [see comments]", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 68, pp. 71-74.

Comparison of drugs

Pratt, C. M., Camm, A. J., Cooper, W., Friedman, P. L., MacNeil, D. J., Moulton, K. M., Pitt, B., Schwartz, P. J., Veltri, E. P., & Waldo, A. L. 1998, "Mortality in the Survival With ORal D-sotalol (SWORD) trial: why did patients die?", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 81, pp. 869-876.

Not HF population

Quaife, R. A., Christian, P. E., Gilbert, E. M., Datz, F. L., Volkman, K., & Bristow, M. R. 1998, "Effects of carvedilol on right ventricular function in chronic heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 81, pp. 247-250.


93 Ramires, F. J., Mansur, A., Coelho, O., Maranhao, M., Gruppi, C. J., Mady, C., & Ramires, J. A. 2000, "Effect of spironolactone on ventricular arrhythmias in congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or to ischemic cardiomyopathy", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 85, no. 10, pp. 1207-1211.

Included

Rauh, R. A., Schwabauer, N. J., Enger, E. L., & Moran, J. F. 1999, "A community hospital-based congestive heart failure program: impact on length of stay, admission and readmission rates, and cost", American Journal of Managed Care, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 37-43.



Page 100 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 135 Rector, T. S., Johnson, G., Dunkman, W. B., Daniels, G., Farrell,

L., Henrick, A., Smith, B., & Cohn, J. N. 1993, "Evaluation by patients with heart failure of the effects of enalapril compared with hydralazine plus isosorbide dinitrate on quality of life. V-HeFT II. The V-HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group", Circulation, vol. 87, p. VI71-VI77.

Included

Rengo, F., Acanfora, D., Furgi, G., Papa, A., Nicolino, A., Picone, C., Vitale, D. F., & Rengo, C. 1995, "Comparison of the safety and efficacy of delapril with enalapril in patients with congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 75, pp. 25F-28F.

Comparison of drugs

Rich, M. W. & Nease, R. F. 1999, "Cost-effectiveness analysis in clinical practice: the case of heart failure. [Review] [51 refs]", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 159, no. 15, pp. 1690-1700.

Design not RCT Economic analysis

Rich, M. W. 1999, "Heart failure disease management: a critical review. [Review] [48 refs]", Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 64-75.

Design not RCT

Rich, M. W., McSherry, F., Williford, W. O., Yusuf, S., & Digitalis Investigation Group 2001, "Effect of age on mortality, hospitalizations and response to digoxin in patients with heart failure: the DIG study", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 806-813.

Subgroup analysis

Rich, M. W., Woods, W. L., Davila, R., V, Morello, P. J., Kurz, H., Barbarash, R., Spinner, L., Sperry, J., Beckham, V., & Coulter, L. 1995, "A randomized comparison of intravenous amrinone versus dobutamine in older patients with decompensated congestive heart failure", Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 43, pp. 271-274.

N<30 patients

Richards, A. M., Doughty, R., Nicholls, M. G., MacMahon, S., Ikram, H., Sharpe, N., Espiner, E. A., Frampton, C., & Yandle, T. G. 1999, "Neurohumoral prediction of benefit from carvedilol in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Australia-New Zealand Heart Failure Group", Circulation, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 786-792.



Page 101 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Richards, A. M., Doughty, R., Nicholls, M. G., MacMahon, S.,

Sharpe, N., Murphy, J., Espiner, E. A., Frampton, C., Yandle, T. G., & Australia-New, Z. 2001, "Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and adrenomedullin: prognostic utility and prediction of benefit from carvedilol in chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Australia-New Zealand Heart Failure Group", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 1781-1787.


Richardson, A., Bayliss, J., Scriven, A. J., Parameshwar, J., Poole-Wilson, P. A., & Sutton, G. C. 1987, "Double-blind comparison of captopril alone against frusemide plus amiloride in mild heart failure", Lancet, vol. 2, no. 8561, pp. 709-711.

Included

161 Rizos, I. 2000, "Three-year survival of patients with heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy and L-carnitine administration", American Heart Journal, vol. 139, no. 2 Pt 3, p. S120-S123.

Included

Roberti, R. R., Martinez, E. E., Andrade, J. L., Araujo, V. L., Brito, F. S., Portugal, O. P., & Horowitz, S. F. 1992, "Chagas cardiomyopathy and captopril", European Heart Journal, vol. 13, pp. 966-970.

Not HF population

Rogers, W. J., Johnstone, D. E., Yusuf, S., Weiner, D. H., Gallagher, P., Bittner, V. A., Ahn, S., Schron, E., Shumaker, S. A., & Sheffield, L. T. 1994, "Quality of life among 5,025 patients with left ventricular dysfunction randomized between placebo and enalapril: the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction. The SOLVD Investigators", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 23, pp. 393-400.

Secondary analysis

Rossig, L., Hoffmann, J., Hugel, B., Mallat, Z., Haase, A., Freyssinet, J. M., Tedgui, A., Aicher, A., Zeiher, A. M., & Dimmeler, S. 2001, "Vitamin C inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis in congestive heart failure", Circulation, vol. 104, no. 18, pp. 2182-2187.



Page 102 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Rouleau, J. L., Pfeffer, M. A., Stewart, D. J., Isaac, D., Sestier, F.,

Kerut, E. K., Porter, C. B., Proulx, G., Qian, C., & Block, A. J. 2000, "Comparison of vasopeptidase inhibitor, omapatrilat, and lisinopril on exercise tolerance and morbidity in patients with heart failure: IMPRESS randomised trial. [see comments.] [erratum appears in Lancet 2000 Nov 18;356(9243):1774.]", Lancet, vol. 356, no. 9230, pp. 615-620.


Rousseau, M. F., Massart, P. E., van Eyll, C., Etienne, J., Ahn, S., Ghadanfar, M., Friedrich, T., & Pouleur, H. 2001, "Cardiac and hemodynamic effects of intravenous dofetilide in patients with heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 87, no. 11, pp. 1250-1254.


Rucinska, E. J. 1991, "Enalapril in the treatment of congestive heart failure: effects on signs, symptoms and mortality", Acta Cardiologica, vol. 46, pp. 231-246.


123 Sacks, F. M., Pfeffer, M. A., Moye, L. A., Rouleau, J. L., Rutherford, J. D., Cole, T. G., Brown, L., Warnica, J. W., Arnold, J. M., Wun, C. C., Davis, B. R., & Braunwald, E. 1996, "The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 335, no. 14, pp. 1001-1009.


Sanderson, J. E., Chan, S. K., Yu, C. M., Yeung, L. Y., Chan, W. M., Raymond, K., Chan, K. W., & Woo, K. S. 1998, "Beta blockers in heart failure: a comparison of a vasodilating beta blocker with metoprolol", Heart, vol. 79, pp. 86-92.

Comparison of drugs

Santiparpluacha, C., Yipintsoi, T., Jintapakorn, W., Jirathamopas, W., Kunjara-Na, A. R., & Akaravinake, A. 1992, "Double-blind evaluation of enalapril in patients with systolic heart failure", Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, vol. 75, pp. 146-152.

Trial superceded

Sasayama, S., Asanoi, H., Kihara, Y., Yokawa, S., Terada, Y., Yoshida, S., Ejiri, M., & Horikoshi, I. 1994, "Clinical effects of long-term administration of pimobendan in patients with moderate congestive heart failure", Heart & Vessels, vol. 9, pp. 113-120.

N<30 patients


Page 103 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Schadlich, P. K., Huppertz, E., & Brecht, J. G. 1998, "Cost-

effectiveness analysis of ramipril in heart failure after myocardial infarction. Economic evaluation of the Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) study for Germany from the perspective of Statutory Health Insurance", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 653-669.

Economic analysis

Schadlich, P. K., Paschen, B., & Brecht, J. G. 1998, "Economic evaluation of the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study for the Federal Republic of Germany", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 13, no. 1 Pt 2, pp. 147-155.

Economic analysis

Scherrer-Crosbie, M. & Cocca-Spofford, R. N. 1998, "Effect of vesnarinone on cardiac function in patients with severe congestive heart failure [see comments]", American Heart Journal, vol. 136, pp. 769-777.


Schulman, K. A., Buxton, M., Glick, H., Sculpher, M., Guzman, G., Kong, J., Backhouse, M., Mauskopf, J., Bell, L., & Eisenberg, J. M. 1996, "Results of the economic evaluation of the first study. A multinational prospective economic evaluation. FIRST Investigators. Flolan International Randomized Survival Trial", International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 698-713.

Economic analysis

Schulman, K. A., Glick, H., Buxton, M., Sculpher, M., Backhouse, M., Bell, L., & Eisenberg, J. M. 1996, "The economic evaluation of the FIRST study: design of a prospective analysis alongside a multinational phase III clinical trial. Flolan International Randomized Survival Trial", Controlled Clinical Trials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 304-315.

Design not RCT

278 Sculpher, M. J., Poole, L., Cleland, J., Drummond, M., Armstrong, P. W., Horowitz, J. D., Massie, B. M., Poole-Wilson, P. A., & Ryden, L. 2000, "Low doses vs. high doses of the angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor lisinopril in chronic heart failure: a cost-effectiveness analysis based on the Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril and Survival (ATLAS) study. The ATLAS Study Group", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 447-454.

Economic analysis


Page 104 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Seguchi, H., Nakamura, H., Aosaki, N., Homma, Y., Mikami, Y., &

Takahashi, S. 1990, "Effects of carvedilol on serum lipids in hypertensive and normotensive subjects", Eur J Clin Pharmacol., vol. 38 Suppl 2, p. S139-S142.

Not HF population Not relevant outcome

Senior, R., Basu, S., Kinsey, C., Schaeffer, S., & Lahiri, A. 1999, "Carvedilol prevents remodeling in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction", American Heart Journal , vol. 137, no. 4 Pt 1, pp. 646-652.

Not HF population

Shah, M. R., Stinnett, S. S., McNulty, S. E., Gheorghiade, M., Zannad, F., Uretsky, B., Adams, K. F., Jr., Califf, R. M., & O’Connor, C. M. 2001, "Hemodynamics as surrogate end points for survival in advanced heart failure: an analysis from FIRST", American Heart Journal, vol. 141, no. 6, pp. 908-914.


102 Sharma, D., Buyse, M., Pitt, B., & Rucinska, E. J. 2000, "Meta-analysis of observed mortality data from all-controlled, double-blind, multiple-dose studies of losartan in heart failure. Losartan Heart Failure Mortality Meta-analysis Study Group", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 187-192.

Included

Sharma, S., Deitchman, D., Eni, J. S., Gelperin, K., Ilgenfritz, J. P., & Blumenthal, M. 1999, "The hemodynamic effects of long-term ACE inhibition with fosinopril in patients with heart failure. Fosinopril Hemodynamics Study Group", Am.J Ther., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 181-189.


Sher, D., Licciardello, L., Ferrari, V., Sirtori, F., & Cesana, B. 1991, "Safety of ibopamine therapy in congestive heart failure. Ibopamine cohort study: baseline and 1-year results", Arzneimittel Forschung, vol. 41, pp. 402-409.

Design not RCT

Shettigar, U., Hare, T., Gelperin, K., Ilgenfritz, J. P., Deitchman, D., & Blumenthal, M. 1999, "Effects of fosinopril on exercise tolerance, symptoms, and clinical outcomes in patients with decompensated heart failure", Prevention & Management of Congestive Heart Failure, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 27-34.

Trial superceded

79 Shibata, M. C., Flather, M. D., & Wang, D. 2001, "Systematic review of the impact of beta blockers on mortality and hospital admissions in heart failure. [see comments.]. [Review] [43 refs]", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 351-357.

Included


Page 105 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Sigurdsson, A., Amtorp, O., Gundersen, T., Nilsson, B., Remes,

J., & Swedberg, K. 1994, "Neurohormonal activation in patients with mild or moderately severe congestive heart failure and effects of ramipril. The Ramipril Trial Study Group", British Heart Journal, vol. 72, pp. 422-427.


150 Silver, M. A., Horton, D. P., Ghali, J. K., & Elkayam, U. 2002, "Effect of nesiritide versus dobutamine on short-term outcomes in the treatment of patients with acutely decompensated heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 798-803.

Included

Singer, R. B. 1997, "Randomized trial of carvedilol in treatment of congestive heart failure", Journal of Insurance Medicine , vol. 29, pp. 82-90.

Design not RCT

Singh, B. N. 1992, "Safety profile of bepridil determined from clinical trials in chronic stable angina in the United States", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 68D-74D.

Not HF population Secondary analysis

Singh, S. N., Fisher, S. G., Carson, P. E., & Fletcher, R. D. 1998, "Prevalence and significance of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with premature ventricular contractions and heart failure treated with vasodilator therapy. Department of Veterans Affairs CHF STAT Investigators", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 32, pp. 942-947.

Design not RCT

Singh, S. N., Fletcher, R. D., Fisher, S. G., Singh, B. N., Lewis, H. D., Deedwania, P. C., Massie, B. M., Colling, C., & Lazzeri, D. 1995, "Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. Survival Trial of Antiarrhythmic Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure. [see comments]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 333, no. 2, pp. 77-82.


Singh, S. N., Fletcher, R. D., Fisher, S., Lazzeri, D., Deedwania, P., Lewis, D., Massie, B., Singh, B. N., & Colling, C. 1993, "Veterans Affairs congestive heart failure antiarrhythmic trial. CHF STAT Investigators", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 72, pp. 99F-102F.

In progress


Page 106 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Singh, S., Fletcher, R. D., Fisher, S., Deedwania, P., Lewis, D.,

Massie, B., Singh, B., & Colling, C. L. 1992, "Congestive heart failure: survival trial of antiarrhythmic therapy (CHF STAT). The CHF STAT Investigators", Controlled Clinical Trials, vol. 13, pp. 339-350.

In progress

Sirivella, S., Gielchinsky, I., & Parsonnet, V. 1998, "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in severe postcardiotomy dysfunction: a prospective randomized study", Journal of Cardiac Surgery, vol. 13, pp. 11-17.

Not HF population

162 Skudicky, D., Bergemann, A., Sliwa, K., Candy, G., & Sareli, P. 1927, "Beneficial effects of pentoxifylline in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and carvedilol: results of a randomized study", Circulation, vol. 103, no. 8, pp. 1083-1088.

Included

155 Slawsky, M. T., Colucci, W. S., Gottlieb, S. S., Greenberg, B. H., Haeusslein, E., Hare, J., Hutchins, S., Leier, C. V., LeJemtel, T. H., Loh, E., Nicklas, J., Ogilby, D., Singh, B. N., & Smith, W. 2000, "Acute hemodynamic and clinical effects of levosimendan in patients with severe heart failure. Study Investigators", Circulation, vol. 102, no. 18, pp. 2222-2227.

Included

Smith, R. F., Germanson, T., Judd, D., Wong, M., Ziesche, S., Anand, I. S., Taylor, W. R., & Cohn, J. N. 2000, "Plasma norepinephrine and atrial natriuretic peptide in heart failure: influence of felodipine in the third Vasodilator Heart Failure Trial. V-HeFT III investigators", Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 97-107.


Smith, S. C., Jr. 1998, "Lessons from cholesterol-lowering trials", American Journal of Medicine, vol. 104, no. 6A, pp. 28S-32S.

Not HF population

Smith, W. H. T., Tan, L. B., & Weber, K. T. 2002, "Cardiac intertitium in heart failure: more important than muscle," pp. 139-153.

Design not RCT No relevant intervention


Page 107 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Soran, O., Young, J. D., Holubkov, R., Loftus, S., Bourge, R.,

Carson, P., Jaski, B., White, B. G., & Feldman, A. M. 1999, "Effect of inotrope withdrawal on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure: results of the vesnarinone trial withdrawal substudy. Vest Withdrawal Substudy Group", Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 195-2.

Design not RCT

Spannheimer, A., Goertz, A., & Dreckmann-Behrendt, B. 1998, "Comparison of therapies with torasemide or furosemide in patients with congestive heart failure from a pharmacoeconomic viewpoint", International Journal of Clinical Practice, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 467-471.

Economic analysis

Spargias, K. S., Lindsay, S. J., Hall, A. S., Cowan, J. C., & Ball, S. G. 1999, "Ramipril reduces QT dispersion in patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 83, pp. 969-71, A10.

Subgroup analysis Not relevant outcome

Squire, I., Hebborn, A., & Ratcliffe, A. 2001, "A cost effectiveness analysis of the use of carvedilol compared to bisoprolol in chronic heart failure".

Economic analysis

Stambler, B. S., Beckman, K. J., Kadish, A. H., Camm, J. A., Ellenbogen, K. A., Perry, K. T., & VanderLugt, J. T. 1997, "Acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous ibutilide in patients with or without reduced left ventricular function", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 80, pp. 458-463.


Staniforth, A. D., Kinnear, W. J., Starling, R., Hetmanski, D. J., & Cowley, A. J. 1998, "Effect of oxygen on sleep quality, cognitive function and sympathetic activity in patients with chronic heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. [see comments]", European Heart Journal, vol. 19, pp. 922-928.


Staudt, A., Schaper, F., Stangl, V., Plagemann, A., Bohm, M., Merkel, K., Wallukat, G., Wernecke, K. D., Stangl, K., Baumann, G., & Felix, S. B. 1905, "Immunohistological changes in dilated cardiomyopathy induced by immunoadsorption therapy and subsequent immunoglobulin substitution", Circulation, vol. 103, no. 22, pp. 2681-2686.



Page 108 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Steinen, U. & Meyer-Sabellek, W. 1992, "Heamodynamic and

metabolic effect ofs of carvedilol: a meta-ananlysis approach", Clin.Invest., vol. 70, p. S65-S72.


Stewart, S., McMurray, J., Hebborn, A., Coats, A. J., & Packer, M. 2002, "Carvedilol reduces the costs of medical care in severe heart failure: an economic analysis of the COPERNICUS study applied to the United Kingdom".

Economic analysis

Striupe, K. & et al 2000, "Healthcare costs of patients with heart failure treated with torasemide or furosemide", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 429-440.

Economic analysis

Sturm, B., Pacher, R., Strametz-Juranek, J., Berger, R., Frey, B., & Stanek, B. 2000, "Effect of beta 1 blockade with atenolol on progression of heart failure in patients pretreated with high-dose enalapril", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 407-412.

N<100 where systematic reviews included

157 Sueta, C. A., Gheorghiade, M., Adams, K. F. J., Bourge, R. C., Murali, S., Uretsky, B. F., Pritzker, M. R., McGoon, M. D., Butman, S. M., Grossman, S. H., Crow, J. W., Shaffer, C. L., & Thorn, M. D. 1995, "Safety and efficacy of epoprostenol in patients with severe congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 75, pp. 34A-43A.


Sumary of product characteristics - Cardicor. 2000. Merck Pharmacueticals. Ref Type: Pamphlet

Design not RCT

Sutsch, G., Kiowski, W., Yan, X. W., Hunziker, P., Christen, S., Strobel, W., Kim, J. H., Rickenbacher, P., & Bertel, O. 1998, "Short-term oral endothelin-receptor antagonist therapy in conventionally treated patients with symptomatic severe chronic heart failure", Circulation, vol. 98, pp. 2262-2268.


Suwa, M., Ito, T., Otake, Y., Moriguchi, A., Hirota, Y., & Kawamura, K. 1996, "Comparison of the therapeutic effects of the beta-blocking agent bisoprolol and the calcium-blocking agent diltiazem in patients with heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy", Japanese Circulation Journal, vol. 60, pp. 767-773.

N<30 patients


Page 109 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Swedberg, K. & Kjekshus, J. 1988, "Effects of enalapril on

mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 62, pp. 60A-66A.


Swedberg, K., Bergh, C. H., Dickstein, K., McNay, J., & Steinberg, M. 2000, "The effects of moxonidine, a novel imidazoline, on plasma norepinephrine in patients with congestive heart failure. Moxonidine Investigators", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 398-404.


Swedberg, K., Eneroth, P., Kjekshus, J., & Snapinn, S. 1990, "Effects of enalapril and neuroendocrine activation on prognosis in severe congestive heart failure (follow-up of the CONSENSUS trial). CONSENSUS Trial Study Group", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 66, pp. 40D-44D.


Swedberg, K., Eneroth, P., Kjekshus, J., & Wilhelmsen, L. 1990, "Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality. CONSENSUS Trial Study Group", Circulation, vol. 82, pp. 1730-1736.

Not relevant intervention Subgroup analysis

Swedberg, K., Kjekshus, J., & Snapinn, S. 1999, "Long-term survival in severe heart failure in patients treated with enalapril. Ten year follow-up of CONSENSUS I. [see comments.]", European Heart Journal, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 136-139.

Secondary analysis

Szucs, T. D. 1997, "Pharmacoeconomics of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in heart failure. [Review] [30 refs]", American Journal of Hypertension, vol. 10, no. 10 Pt 2, pp. 272S-279S.

Economic analysis

119 Takkouche, B., Etminan, M., Caamano, F., & Rochon, P. A. 2002, "Interaction between aspirin and ACE Inhibitors: resolving discrepancies using a meta-analysis. [Review] [26 refs]", Drug Safety, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 373-378.

Included

Tan, L. B., Benjamin, I. J., & Clark, W. A. 1992, "beta Adrenergic receptor desensitisation may serve a cardioprotective role", Cardiovascular Research, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 608-614.

Not relevant outcome Not HF patients


Page 110 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Tan, L. B., Jalil, J. E., Pick, R., Janicki, J. S., & Weber, K. T.

1991, "Cardiac myocyte necrosis induced by angiotensin II", Circulation Research, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 1185-1195.

Design not RCT Not HF patients

Tan, L. B., Mills, J., & Wright, D. J. 1999, "Management of heart failure", Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 25-30.

Design not RCT

Tan, L. B., Wright, D. J., Marshall, P., & Riley, R. 1997, "Is exercise capacity a reiable indicator for diagnosis and treatment of Heart Failure", International Proceedings Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 13-29.

Design not RCT

Tandon, P. K., Stander, H., & Schwarz, R. P., Jr. 1989, "Analysis of quality of life data from a randomized, placebo-controlled heart-failure trial", Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 42, pp. 955-962.


Teo, K. K. & Yusuf, S. 1993, "Role of magnesium in reducing mortality in acute myocardial infarction. A review of the evidence. [Review] [58 refs]", Drugs, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 347-359.

Not HF population

84 The Beta Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial Investigators 2001, "A trial of the beta-blocker bucindolol in patients with advanced chronic heart failure. [see comments.]", New England Journal of Medicine , vol. 344, no. 22, pp. 1659-1667.

Trial suspended

The Effects of Pimobendan on Chronic Heart Failure Study 2002, "Effects of pimobendan on adverse cardiac events and physical activities in patients with mild to moderate chronic heart failure: the effects of pimobendan on chronic heart failure study (EPOCH study)", Circulation Journal., vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 149-157.

Included

The Medical Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Europe and Its Related Costs (The MAHLER Survey). 2002.Ref Type: Generic

Economic analysis

Tonkon, M., Awan, N., Niazi, I., Hanley, P., Baruch, L., Wolf, R. A., & Block, A. J. 2000, "A study of the efficacy and safety of irbesartan in combination with conventional therapy, including ACE inhibitors, in heart failure. Irbesartan Heart Failure Group", International Journal of Clinical Practice, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 11-14.

Included


Page 111 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Torp-Pedersen, C. & Kober, L. 1999, "Effect of ACE inhibitor

trandolapril on life expectancy of patients with reduced left-ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. TRACE Study Group. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation. [see comments.]", Lancet, vol. 354, no. 9172, pp. 9-12.

Not HF population

111 Torp-Pedersen, C., Moller, M., Bloch-Thomsen, P. E., Kober, L., Sandoe, E., Egstrup, K., Agner, E., Carlsen, J., Videbaek, J., Marchant, B., & Camm, A. J. 1999, "Dofetilide in patients with congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. Danish Investigations of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide Study Group. [see comments.]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 341, no. 12, pp. 857-865.

Included

Torre-Amione, G., Young, J. B., Durand, J., Bozkurt, B., Mann, D. L., Kobrin, I., & Pratt, C. M. 2001, "Hemodynamic effects of tezosentan, an intravenous dual endothelin receptor antagonist, in patients with class III to IV congestive heart failure", Circulation, vol. 103, no. 7, pp. 973-980.


Trojian, T. H. & Jackson, E. A. 2000, "Is losartan superior to captopril in reducing all-cause mortality in elderly patients with symptomatic heart failure?", Journal of Family Practice, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 759-760.

Design not RCT

271 Tsevat, J., Duke, D., Goldman, L., Pfeffer, M. A., Lamas, G. A., Soukup, J. R., Kuntz, K. M., & Lee, T. H. 1995, "Cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy after myocardial infarction. [see comments]", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 914-919.

Economic analysis

Tsutamoto, T., Wada, A., Maeda, K., Mabuchi, N., Hayashi, M., Tsutsui, T., Ohnishi, M., Sawaki, M., Fujii, M., Matsumoto, T., Matsui, T., & Kinoshita, M. 2001, "Effect of spironolactone on plasma brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 1228-1233.



Page 112 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Tygesen, H., Andersson, B., Di, L., A., Rundqvist, B., Sinagra, G.,

Hjalmarson, A., Waagstein, F., and, W., & B.- 1999, "Potential risk of beta-blockade withdrawal in congestive heart failure due to abrupt autonomic changes", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 68, pp. 171-177.

Design not RCT

U.S.Preventive Services Task Force 2002, "Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: recommendation and rationale. [see comments.] [summary for patients in .]", Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 136, no. 2, pp. 157-160.

Not HF population

Uretsky, B. F., Jessup, M., Konstam, M. A., Dec, G. W., Leier, C. V., Benotti, J., Murali, S., Herrmann, H. C., & Sandberg, J. A. 1990, "Multicenter trial of oral enoximone in patients with moderate to moderately severe congestive heart failure. Lack of benefit compared with placebo. Enoximone Multicenter Trial Group. [see comments]", Circulation, vol. 82, pp. 774-780.


96 Uretsky, B. F., Young, J. B., Shahidi, F. E., Yellen, L. G., Harrison, M. C., & Jolly, M. K. 1993, "Randomized study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild to moderate chronic congestive heart failure: results of the PROVED trial. PROVED Investigative Group. [see comments]", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 22, pp. 955-962.

Included

van den Toren, E. W., van Veldhuisen, D. J., van Bruggen, A., van den Broek, S. A., van Gilst, W. H., & Lie, K. I. 1996, "Acute hemodynamic and long-term clinical effects of isradipine in patients with coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 53, pp. 37-43.

N<30 patients

148 van der Vring, J. A., Bernink, P. J., van der Wall, E. E., van Velhuisen, D. J., Braun, S., & Kobrin, I. 1996, "Evaluating the safety of mibefradil, a selective T-type calcium antagonist, in patients with chronic congestive heart failure", Clinical Therapeutics, vol. 18, pp. 1191-1206.

Included


Page 113 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion van Kraaij, D. J., Jansen, R. W., Bouwels, L. H., & Hoefnagels,

W. H. 1999, "Furosemide withdrawal improves postprandial hypotension in elderly patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 159, no. 14, pp. 1599-1605.

N<30 patients Not relevant outcome

van Veldhuisen, D. J. 2002, "Low-dose digoxin in patients with heart failure. Less toxic and at least as effective?", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 954-956.

Design not RCT

van Veldhuisen, D. J., Brouwer, J., Man in ’t Veld AJ, Dunselman, P. H., Boomsma, F., & Lie, K. I. 1995, "Progression of mild untreated heart failure during six months follow-up and clinical and neurohumoral effects of ibopamine and digoxin as monotherapy. DIMT Study Group. Dutch Ibopamine Multicenter Trial", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 75, no. 12, pp. 796-800.

Not placebo control

95 van Veldhuisen, D. J., Man-in-’t-Veld-AJ, Dunselman, P. H., Lok, D. J., Dohmen, H. J., Poortermans, J. C., Withagen, A. J., Pasteuning, W. H., Brouwer, J., & Lie, K. I. 1993, "Double-blind placebo-controlled study of ibopamine and digoxin in patients with mild to moderate heart failure: results of the Dutch Ibopamine Multicenter Trial (DIMT)", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 22, pp. 1564-1573.

Included

van, C. L. C., Visser, F. C., & Visser, C. A. 1998, "Ejection fraction improvement by beta-blocker treatment in patients with heart failure: an analysis of studies published in the literature. [Review] [50 refs]", Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, vol. 32, no. Suppl 1, p. S31-S35.

Trial superceeded

Vargo, D. L., Brater, D. C., Rudy, D. W., & Swan, S. K. 1996, "Dopamine does not enhance furosemide-induced natriuresis in patients with congestive heart failure", Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 7, pp. 1032-1037.


Vargo, D. L., Kramer, W. G., Black, P. K., Smith, W. B., Serpas, T., & Brater, D. C. 1995, "Bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of torsemide and furosemide in patients with congestive heart failure", Clin Pharmacol.Ther., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 601-609.

Not relevant outcomes


Page 114 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 292 Varney, S. 2001, "A cost-effectiveness analysis of bisoprolol for

heart failure", Eur.J Heart Fail., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 365-371. Economic analysis

Varriale, P. & Mossavi, A. 1997, "The benefit of low-dose dopamine during vigorous diuresis for congestive heart failure associated with renal insufficiency: does it protect renal function?", Clinical Cardiology, vol. 20, pp. 627-630.


Verme-Gibboney, C. 1997, "Oral angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. [Review] [86 refs]", American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, vol. 54, no. 23, pp. 2689-2703.

Design not RCT

Vijay, N. & et al. Irbesartan Compared with Lisinopril in Patients with Mild to Moderate Heart Failrue. J Am.Coll.Cardiol. 31[68A]. 1998. Abstract

Abstract only

Vitovec, J. & Spinar, J. 2000, "First-dose hypotension after angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in chronic heart failure: a comparison of enalapril and perindopril. Slovak Investigator Group", European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 299-304.


Waagstein, F., Bristow, M. R., Swedberg, K., Camerini, F., Fowler, M. B., Silver, M. A., Gilbert, E. M., Johnson, M. R., Goss, F. G., & Hjalmarson, A. 1993, "Beneficial effects of metoprolol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (MDC) Trial Study Group. [see comments]", Lancet, vol. 342, pp. 1441-1446.


156 Waldo, A. L., Camm, A. J., DeRuyter, H., Friedman, P. L., MacNeil, D. J., Pauls, J. F., Pitt, B., Pratt, C. M., Schwartz, P. J., Veltri, E. P., Cagide, A., Elizari, M. V., Gimeno, G., Aroney, G., Aylward, P., Calvert, A., Campbell, T., Davis, M., Fletcher, P., & et, a. 1996, "Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction", Lancet, vol. 348, pp. 7-12.

Included

Waller, D. G., Webster, J., Sykes, C. A., Bhalla, K. K., & Wray, R. 1989, "Clinical efficacy of xamoterol, a beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist, in mild to moderate heart failure. U.K. Xamoterol Study Group", European Heart Journal, vol. 10, pp. 1003-1010.



Page 115 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion 149 Walsh, J. T., Andrews, R., Curtis, S., Evans, A., & Cowley, A. J.

1997, "Effects of amlodipine in patients with chronic heart failure", American Heart Journal, vol. 134, pp. 872-878.

Included

Walsh, J. T., Andrews, R., Evans, A., & Cowley, A. J. 1995, "Failure of "effective" treatment for heart failure to improve normal customary activity", British Heart Journal, vol. 74, pp. 373-376.

Design not RCT

272 Walsh, J. T., Gray, D., Keating, N. A., Cowley, A. J., & Hampton, J. R. 1995, "ACE for whom? Implications for clinical practice of post-infarct trials", British Heart Journal, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 470-474.

Design not RCT

99 Ward, R. E., Gheorghiade, M., Young, J. B., & Uretsky, B. 1995, "Economic outcomes of withdrawal of digoxin therapy in adult patients with stable congestive heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 93-101.

Economic analysis

Warner, J. G. J., Metzger, D. C., Kitzman, D. W., Wesley, D. J., & Little, W. C. 1999, "Losartan improves exercise tolerance in patients with diastolic dysfunction and a hypertensive response to exercise", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1567-1572.

N<30 patients

Warner, N. J., Rush, J. E., & Keegan, M. E. 1989, "Tolerability of enalapril in congestive heart failure. [Review] [24 refs]", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 33D-37D.


Warner, P. M. & Hutchinson, C. 1999, "Heart failure management", Journal of Nursing Administration, vol. 29, no. 7-8, pp. 28-37.

Design not RCT

59 Watson, P. S., Scalia, G. M., Galbraith, A., Burstow, D. J., Bett, N., & Aroney, C. N. 1999, "Lack of effect of coenzyme Q on left ventricular function in patients with congestive heart failure. [see comments.]", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1549-1552.

Included

Wedel, H., Demets, D., Deedwania, P., Fagerberg, B., Goldstein, S., Gottlieb, S., Hjalmarson, A., Kjekshus, J., Waagstein, F., Wikstrand, J., & The MERIT-HF Study Group 2001, "Challenges of subgroup analyses in multinational clinical trials: experiences from the MERIT-HF trial", American Heart Journal, vol. 142, no. 3, pp. 502-511.

Subgroup analysis


Page 116 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion White, H. D., Barbash, G. I., Califf, R. M., Simes, R. J., Granger,

C. B., Weaver, W. D., Kleiman, N. S., Aylward, P. E., Gore, J. M., Vahanian, A., Lee, K. L., Ross, A. M., & Topol, E. J. 1996, "Age and outcome with contemporary thrombolytic therapy. Results from the GUSTO-I trial. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded coronary arteries trial. [see comments]", Circulation, vol. 94, pp. 1826-1833.

Not HF population

80 Whorlow, S. L. & Krum, H. 2000, "Meta-analysis of effect of beta-blocker therapy on mortality in patients with New York Heart Association class IV chronic congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 86, no. 8, pp. 886-889.

Included

Widimsky, J., Kremer, H. J., Jerie, P., & Uhlir, O. 1995, "Czech and Slovak spirapril intervention study (CASSIS). A randomized, placebo and active-controlled, double-blind multicentre trial in patients with congestive heart failure", European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 49, pp. 95-102.


Wiklund, I., Waagstein, F., Swedberg, K., & Hjalmarsson, A. 1996, "Quality of life on treatment with metoprolol in dilated cardiomyopathy: results from the MDC trial. Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy trial", Cardiovascular Drugs & Therapy, vol. 10, pp. 361-368.


Wilde, M. I., Bryson, H. M., & Goa, K. L. 1994, "Enalapril: a review of quality-of-life and pharmacoeconomic aspects of its use in heart failure and mild to moderate hypertension. [Review] [134 refs]", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 155-182.

Design not RCT

Willens, H. J., Chakko, S., Simmons, J., & Kessler, K. M. 1996, "Cost-effectiveness in clinical cardiology. Part 1: Coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. [Review] [60 refs]", Chest, vol. 109, no. 5, pp. 1359-1369.

Economic analysis

Williams, E. S. & Miller, J. M. 2002, "Results from late-breaking clinical trial sessions at the American College of Cardiology 51st Annual Scientific Session", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 1-18.

Abstract only

Williams, H. 2001, "Bisoprolol (Cadicor) - A cardioselective B-blocker for the treatment of heart failure", Drug Utilisation Review.

Design not RCT


Page 117 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Witchitz, S., Cohen-Solal, A., Dartois, N., Weisslinger, N., Juste,

K., & Darmon, J. Y. 2000, "Treatment of heart failure with celiprolol, a cardioselective beta blocker with beta-2 agonist vasodilatory properties. The CELICARD Group", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 85, no. 12, pp. 1467-1471.


163 Wojnicz, R., Nowalany-Kozielska, E., Wojciechowska, C., Glanowska, G., Wilczewski, P., Niklewski, T., Zembala, M., Polonski, L., Rozek, M. M., & Wodniecki, J. 2003, "Randomized, placebo-controlled study for immunosuppressive treatment of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy: two-year follow-up results. [see comments.]", Circulation, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 39-45.

Included

Wong, M., Germanson, T., Taylor, W. R., Cohen, I. S., Perry, G., Baruch, L., Deedwania, P., Lopez, B., & Cohn, J. N. 2000, "Felodipine improves left ventricular emptying in patients with chronic heart failure: V-HeFT III echocardiographic substudy of multicenter reproducibility and detecting functional change", Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 19-28.


Yancy, C. W., Fowler, M. B., Colucci, W. S., Gilbert, E. M., Bristow, M. R., Cohn, J. N., Lukas, M. A., Young, S. T., Packer, M., & U.S., C. 2001, "Race and the response to adrenergic blockade with carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure. [see comments.]", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 344, no. 18, pp. 1358-1365.

Secondary analysis

Yee, K.-M., Pringle, S. D., & Struthers, A. D. 2001, "Circadian variation in the effects of aldosterone blockade on heart rate variability and QT dispersion in congestive heart failure", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 1800-1807.

Not relevant outcome N<30 patients

Yokota, Y., Nomura, H., Kawai, H., Tsumura, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Kurozumi, H., Takarada, A., & Fukuzaki, H. 1991, "Effects of long-term beta-blockade (metoprolol) therapy in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy", Japanese Circulation Journal, vol. 55, pp. 343-355.


You, h. Z., You, c. S., Jun, Z., & Xian, q. Y. 1997, "Sympathetic inhibition with clonidine improves autonomic balance in congestive heart failure", International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 59, pp. 139-144.



Page 118 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Young, J. B., Gheorghiade, M., Uretsky, B. F., Patterson, J. H., &

Adams, K. F., Jr. 1998, "Superiority of "triple" drug therapy in heart failure: insights from the PROVED and RADIANCE trials. Prospective Randomized Study of Ventricular Function and Efficacy of Digoxin. Randomized Assessment of Digoxin and Inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. [see comments]", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 32, pp. 686-692.

Design not RCT

Young, M. & Plosker, G. L. 2001, "Torasemide: a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in chronic heart failure", Pharmacoeconomics, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 679-703.

Economic analysis

Yusuf, S. 1993, "Reduced mortality and morbidity with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure", Herz, vol. 18, no. Suppl 1, pp. 444-448.


Yusuf, S., Maggioni, A. P., Held, P., & Rouleau, J. L. 1997, "Effects of candesartan, enalapril or their combinations on exercise capacity, ventricular function, clinical deterioriation, and quality of life in heart failure: Randomized Evaluation od Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD).", Circulation, vol. 96, no. Abstract, p. I-452.


Yusuf, S., Nicklas, J. M., Timmis, G., Breneman, G., Jafri, S. M., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Davis, S. W., Goldberg, M. J., Blair, J., Mancini, G. B. J., Johnson, T., Luckoff, C., Henry, G., Wlodkowski, M. B., Czajka, M., Reinstein, D., Richards, J., Lewis, R., Davey, D. E., & et, a. 1992, "Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 327, pp. 685-691.


Yusuf, S., Wittes, J., & Friedman, L. 1988, "Overview of results of randomized clinical trials in heart disease. II. Unstable angina, heart failure, primary prevention with aspirin, and risk factor modification. [Review] [41 refs]", JAMA, vol. 260, no. 15, pp. 2259-2263.

Design not RCT


Page 119 of 196

Question14 Reference Title Inclusion or exclusion Zannad, F., Alla, F., Dousset, B., Perez, A., & Pitt, B. 2000,

"Limitation of excessive extracellular matrix turnover may contribute to survival benefit of spironolactone therapy in patients with congestive heart failure: insights from the randomized aldactone evaluation study (RALES). Rales Investigators. [erratum appears in Circulation 2001 Jan 23;103(3):476.]", Circulation, vol. 102, no. 22, pp. 2700-2706.

Not relevant outcome Subgroup analysis

Zannad, F., Chati, Z., Guest, M., & Plat, F. 1998, "Differential effects of fosinopril and enalapril in patients with mild to moderate chronic heart failure. Fosinopril in Heart Failure Study Investigators", Am.Heart J, vol. 136, no. 4 Pt 1, pp. 672-680.

Comparison of drugs

Zannad, F., Chati, Z., Guest, M., & Plat, F. 1998, "Differential effects of fosinopril and enalapril in patients with mild to moderate chronic heart failure. Fosinopril in Heart Failure Study Investigators", American Heart Journal, vol. 136, pp. 672-680.

Comparison of drugs

Zapfe, j. G. 2001, "Clinical efficacy of crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure NYHA class II", Phytomedicine , vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 262-266.


Zarembski, D. G., Nolan, P. E. J., Slack, M. K., & Lui, C. Y. 1996, "Meta-analysis of the use of low-dose beta-adrenergic blocking therapy in idiopathic or ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. [see comments]", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 77, no. 14, pp. 1247-1250.

Trial superceded

Zhang, Y. H., Song, Y. C., Zhu, J., Hu, T. H., & Wan, L. L. 1995, "Effects of enalapril on heart rate variability in patients with congestive heart failure", American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 76, pp. 1045-1048.


Ziesche, S., Cobb, F. R., Cohn, J. N., Johnson, G., & Tristani, F. 1993, "Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate combination improves exercise tolerance in heart failure. Results from V-HeFT I and V-HeFT II. The V-HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group", Circulation, vol. 87, p. VI56-VI64.

Design not RCT

heart failure guideline: appendix k · heart failure guideline: appendix k page 47 of 196...

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