heart and lungs. cardiovascular system (heart) delivers essential materials to body cells and...
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Heart and Lungs
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Cardiovascular System (Heart)Delivers essential materials to body cells and
removes waste materials from the cells. Also known as the circulatory system.
Pulmonary System (Lungs)
The system that consists of the organs that provide the body with a continuous supply of oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.
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What does the Circulatory System transport?
1. Hormones: From the glands help to regulate the body’s function
2. Oxygen: From the lungs is combined with nutrients to make energy
3. Nutrients: From the digestive system provides food for the cells
4. Immune Cells: Provide protection from infection and disease
5. Waste: Byproducts of energy making must be removed by liver and kidneys
6. Carbon Dioxide: Waste gas that is removed by the lungs
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Parts of the Circulatory System
• Heart: Pumps blood throughout the body
• Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart
• Veins: Carry blood to the heart
• Capillaries: Bring blood to the cells from arteries / exchange gasses, nutrients, and waste / take blood to the veins
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The Heart
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Vein
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
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The Heart
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The Blood• The blood has 4 main components:
– Plasma: Liquid part of the blood, makes up about 92 % of blood
• Transports blood cells, nutrients, hormones and other materials
– Red Blood Cells: Carry oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide away
– White Blood Cells: Fight off disease and infection by attacking bacteria and viruses that enter the body
– Platelets: Help the blood clot which seals cuts and prevents blood loss from a wound
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Let’s Review!!!
In your notes write a test question (multiple choice, fill in the blank, short answer) based on the information we have learned so far about the circulatory system
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Problem Description Treatment / Prevention
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Having a higher than normal blood
pressure (110 / 70) for a long time.
Can lead to heart attack, stroke, and
kidney failure.
Reduce stress / change in diet to reduce salt, fat, and cholesterol /
Medication
Stroke
Lack of blood flow to a part of brain
caused by a clot or blocked blood
vessel. Will cause death of brain cells
if clot stays in place
Same as hypertension
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Lack of blood flow to a part of the heart
caused by a clot or blocked blood
vessel. Will cause death of cardiac muscle and can cause heart to
stop.
Same as hypertension
Arteriosclerosis
A hardening of the artery wall caused
by a diet high in fat and cholesterol
Same as hypertension
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Anemia
Lack of red blood cells or red blood cells that do not
carry enough oxygen. Causes low energy levels and
weakness.
Iron supplements
Mononucleosis
Viral infection causing a soar throat, swollen
glands, and extreme fatigue
Bed rest
Leukemia
Cancer of the blood or bone marrow.
The body produces large amounts of abnormal white
blood cells
Medication / Radiation
Hemophilia
The blood does not clot properly resulting in excessive sometimes
unstoppable bleeding.
Transfusion of blood-clotting
factors
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Mouth and Nose trap
dirt and clean the air.
Epiglottis: covers trachea when swallowing
Larynx: contains vocal cords
Bronchi: connect trachea to lungs
Throat: has 2 passages, one for food and one for air
Trachea: Wind pipe, takes air to the lungs
Lungs: Exchange blood gasses
Diaphragm: Large muscle that controls breathing
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Pulmonary Artery
Alveoli
Capillary
Pulmonary Vein
Bronchiole
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Common ColdCaused by a virus: cough, runny nose, fever, aches
Rest and fluids
TuberculosisBacterial lung infection: dry cough and chest pain
Antibiotics
Allergies
Immune response to dust, animals, pollen, or other irritant. Sneezing, itchy
eyes, runny nose
Antihistamines
PneumoniaLung infection: fever, chest pain, difficulty
breathingAntibiotics
Bronchitis Swelling of the bronchi:
cough, fever, chest tightness
Rest
AsthmaSwelling of the bronchi: wheezing, shortness of
breathInhaler to reduce swelling
EmphysemaDestroyed alveoli:
difficulty breathing, often fatal
Oxygen mask to help breathing
Lung CanerDestroyed alveoli: often
caused by smokingSurgery / transplant,
Radiation, Chemotherapy