HAEMATINICS &

RECENT DISCOVERED DRUG by

Amritanshu Nihal Department of pharmacy ITM University,Gwalior

HaematinicsHaematinics are substances which required in formation of blood, & are used for treatment of Anemia. Anaemia is characterized by low haemoglobin count. WHO defines anaemia as Haemoglobin levels less than 13 g/dl in males & less than 12 g/dl in females. In adults, the lower extreme of the normal haemoglobin is taken as 14.0 -16 g/dl for males and 12 -14 g/dl for females.

Include : iron, vitamin B12

folic acid

Transportation & storage of iron

Essentials of Medical pharmacology by KD Tripathi – 7th Edition, JAYPEE, 2013

Iron – Transport & storage Diet – 10 to 20 mg – absorbed from all over the Intestine (more

from upper part) 2 forms – haeme and Inorganic

Haeme – minor form of dietary Iron but absorbed better without any transporter

Inorganic – in ferric form but absorbs lesser – converted to ferrous form in Intestine for absorption – needs transporter

Divalent metal transporter (DMT1) and Ferroportin (FP)

Factors increasing absorption – acid, reducing substances – ascorbic acid, amino acid etc. and meat

Factors impending absorption – alkali (antacids), Phosphates, phytates, tetracycline and presence of other food

Mucosal block: from mucosal cell – transported to plasma or remains stored in mucosal cell by forming ferritin - Ferritin curtain Balance between those two – detremines how much Iron to enter

body - by haematopoietic transcription factor

Iron:-*An essential body constituent,*total body iron in an adult is 2.5-5g(3.5-avg.)*if<50mg/kg,distributed in to*heamoglobin:- 66%*stored as ferritin &heamosiderin;-25%*myoglobin:- 3%*parenchymal ron(enzume etc.):- 6%

PREPARATION AND DOSEOral preparations: 1. Ferrous sulfate: is cheapest (FERLOSATE-200mg.tab.) 2. Ferrous gluconate:(12% iron) FERRONICUM- 300MG. TAB.3. Ferrous fumarate:(33% iron) NORI-A 200mg.tab.

Parenteral preparations:Iron therapy by injecting is indicated only when

1.Oral is not tolerated 2.Failure to absorb oral iron 3.In presence of severe chronic bleeing

1.Iron dextran:50mg. (Elemental iron/ml.)

IMFERON inj.-100mg/2ml-IM,IV

2. Iron sorbitol citric acid complex 75mg/day

FERIMAX-amp.(drug+folic acid-

0.75mg+hydrocobalamin-75ug

Adverse effects of oral ironConstipation due to astringent effect, Epigastric pain,

Heartburn, Nausea&Vomiting, bloating, Teeth staining, Metallic taste, Start with low dose then increase the dose higher.

Prevention: Takes immediately after or with meals

Staining of teeth ( with liquid formulations)Blackening of stools

Adverse effects of parenteral iron : Pain at site of injection (I.M.) Pigmentation of skin, (especially in old age patient) Fever, headache, joint pain, chest pain Hypersensitivity reaction

Therapeutic uses of iron1. Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia 2. Prophylaxis of iron deficiency anaemia

Pregnancy, lactation Infants and growing children Professional blood donors

Cynocobalamin and Hydroxocobalamin are complex cobalt containing compound present in diet and reffered to as VIT. B12

SOURCE: seafish, egg yolk,meat cheese , only vegetable source is PULSES

REQUIREMENT:- 1-3ug,pregnancy and lactation 3-5ug

Preparations:Cyanocobalamin

(NEUROBION FORT INJ.-1000ug/3m.)

Hydroxocobalamin (BICISULE cap.)

Methylcobalamin:-(methyl B12)This preparation of vitB12 in a dose of 1.5mg/dayBIOCOBAL,DIACOBAL,METHYL COBAL0.5mg.tab.

Vitamin B12

Uses of vitamin B12

1.Treatment and prophylaxis of vitamin B12

deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)

2. Vit B12 injection in pernicious anemia

(condition where Vit B12 is not absorbed from the stomach)

*Mega dose of vit.B12 has also used in neuropathies,& psychiatric disease,

FOLIC ACIDYellow crystal & insoluble in water but it’s sodium salt freely

water soluble.Chemically it is PGA(pteroyl glutamic acid) consisting of

petridine+PABA+glutamic acidSOURCE:-green leaf, spinach,egg,meat,milk etcREQUIREMENT:-in adult<0.1mg/day,but during pregnancy or

any high metabolic activity0.8mg/day.

Preparations Folic acid:-(falvite,folitab 5mg.tab.) Folinic acid :RECOVORIN 15mg.tab,50mg.vial for

inj.

Therapeutic uses - Megaloblastic anemias due to folic acid deficiency - As supplement during pregnancy - To prevent deficiency:

Antiepileptic therapy Methotrexate toxicity:-folic acid is an active coenzyme

form which does not need to be reduced by DHFRase inhibitor;its toxicity is not counteracted by folic acid, but anta gonised bu folinic acid.

Current discovered Haematinics POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN hgcl2 INDUCED

ANAEMIA IN LABORATORY ANIMALS shows Haematinics activity

. *Composition of Haema Tablet: Amalaki 60 mg, Haritaki 60

mg, Mandur bhasma 40 mg, Mustak 60 mg, Shunthi 60 mg, Vidang 60 mg, Bibhitaki 60 mg, Indryava 60 mg,Suvarna makshik bhasma 40

aqueous extract of Hibiscus cannabinus leaves have haematinic properties.

E-mail:-a.nihal888@gmail.com