Health promotion vs Health Education

Health Promotion

• A planned combination of educational, political, regulatory and organizational supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, or communities (Green and Kreuter,1999)

Health Promotion

• The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health… a commitment to dealing with the challenges of reducing inequities, extending the scope of prevention, and helping people to cope with their circumstances… creating environments conducive to health, in which people are better able to take care of themselves (WHO 1986)

• Basic characteristics of health promotion1. Enabling people to take control over, and responsibility

for, their health as an important component of everyday life

2. Requiring the close cooperation of sectors beyond the health services

3. Combining diverse, but complimentary methods or approaches

4. Encouraging effective and concrete public participation (The Gorking Group on Concepts and Principles of Health

promotion, 1987)

Triad of Health Promotion

• Health Education• Health Protection• Disease Prevention

Disease Prevention

Three levels of DISEASE PREVENTION• Primary• Secondary• Tertiary

Primary Prevention

• Action taken to avert the occurrence of disease

• Primary level Interventions:1. Medical – immunization/vaccination2. Legislative3. Societal4. Educational – mother’s class5. Individual efforts

Secondary Prevention

• Action take to identify disease at their earliest stages and to apply appropriate treatments to limit their consequences and severity

• Interventions:1. Medical – screening test/procedures; compliance to

minitoring2. Legislative – drug testing3. Societal4. Educational5. Individual Efforts

Tertiary Prevention• Specific interventions to assist diseased or disabled

persons in limiting the effects of their diseases or disabilities; also may include activities to prevent recurrences of a disease

• Interventions:1. Medical – rehabilitation and programs on quality of life issues2. Legislative3. Societal4. Educational5. Individual efforts

Health Education

• Planned process• Combines a variety of educational experiences• Facilitates voluntary adaptations or

establishment of behavior conducive to health

(J Thomas Butler, 2001)

Health Education

Aims :primarily at the voluntary actions people can take on their own part, individually or collectively, for their own health or the health of others and the common good of the community

THREE ASPECTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION

• COGNITIVE• PSYCHOMOTOR• AFFECTIVE

Health Education

• Health promotion encompasses health education… and is aimed at the complementary social and political actions that will facilitate the necessary organizational, economic, and other environmental supports for the conversion of individual actions into health enhancements and quality of life gains (Greene and Jreuter, 1999)

Health Protection

• Comprises legal or fiscal contracts, other regulation policies and voluntary codes of practice, aimed at the enhancement of positive health and the prevention of ill-health

Mission: reduce the likelihood that people will encounter environmental hazards or behave in unsafe or unhealthy ways

Relevant Philippine Health Legislations

• Philippine Medical Act of 1959• PHILHEALTH• Generics Law: National Drug Policy and Formulary• Code on Sanitation of the Philippines• Clean Air Act• Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Waste

Management Policies• Disability Act• Dangerous Drugs Act• Senior Citizens Law• Child Protection Laws and Policies

Health Promotion ModelSeven Domains1. Prevention2. Lifestyle3. Preventive

Policies4. Policy Maker

Education5. Health Education6. Health

Protection7. Policy Support

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Health promotion Strategies

• Educational Interventions• Organizational Interventions• Political/ Legislative interventions• Community and Social Interventions• Economic Interventions

Educational Intervention• Stress management classes for employees in a corporation• Mailouts to the public describing positive steps a person can

take to reduce exposure to conditions like Bird Flu, HIV, PTB, etc

• Educational programs designed to reduce personal vulnerability to injuries

• Classes for high school students to develop the skills to cope with peer pressure

Organizational Intervention

• Annual hearing and vision screening in schools• Identification of designated smoking areas and

development of a smoking policy in a worksite• Official recognition by business management of

alcoholism as a disease and not a weakness in character• Development of support groups by nonprofit

organizations and health care facilities that provide services to people with cancer and other chronic diseases such as hypertension & diabetes mellitus

Political /Legislative Interventions

• Automobile, bicycle, and firearm safety programs conducted by law enforcement agencies

• Passage of laws requiring use of helmets while riding motorcycles and bicycles

• A requirement by DECS to implement effective plans to reduce the pollution

• Legislation requiring environmental polluters to measure their pollution and implement effective plans to reduce the pollution

Political/ Legislative Interventions

• Regulation requiring agencies and companies to monitor air pollution and governmental actions to reduce it

• Regulations aimed at reducing youth access to tobacco products

• A requirement that sports venues provide a smoke and alcohol free section

• Fluoridation of the water supply

Community and Social Intervention

• Organization and training of college students to reduce vulnerability to sex or drug crimes

• Formation of neighborhood walking clubs• Health fairs at shopping malls• Creation of wellness centers in worksites,

hospitals, and colleges

Community and Social Intervention

• Employing health educators to encourage positive health behaviors through programs that appeal to the community

• Establishment of a school health council made up of members of the school community to encourage health lifestyle in children and a healthy environment in the school

Economic Interventions

• Tax incentives to landlords of low-income housing to encourage maintenance of property and reduction of pest infestation

• Incentives from insurance companies to those who practice healthy lifestyle

• Incentives from employees to employees who stay healthy and do not miss work