Health Care Systems

Unit C Unit C

Health Team RelationsHealth Team Relations

IntroductionIntroduction

• Many different health care systems Many different health care systems deliver health caredeliver health care

• Health care is one of the largest and Health care is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the fastest growing industries in the United StatesUnited States

• Employs over 10 million workers in Employs over 10 million workers in over 200 careersover 200 careers

• Two billion dollar per day businessTwo billion dollar per day business

HospitalsHospitals• Vary in size and type of service providedVary in size and type of service provided

• General hospitals treat wide range of General hospitals treat wide range of conditionsconditions

• Care for certain conditions or age Care for certain conditions or age groupsgroups

• Examples: burn, oncology or cancer, Examples: burn, oncology or cancer, pediatric or children, psychiatric, pediatric or children, psychiatric, rehabilitation, and orthopaedicrehabilitation, and orthopaedic

Specialty HospitalsSpecialty Hospitals

Government HospitalsGovernment Hospitals

• Operated by federal, state, and local Operated by federal, state, and local government agenciesgovernment agencies

• World-wide facilities for government World-wide facilities for government service personnel and their service personnel and their dependentsdependents

• Veteran’s Administration hospitalsVeteran’s Administration hospitals

• State psychiatric hospitalsState psychiatric hospitals

• State rehabilitation centersState rehabilitation centers

University or College University or College Medical CentersMedical Centers

• Provide services, research and Provide services, research and educationeducation

• Can be funded by private or Can be funded by private or government sourcesgovernment sources

Long Term Care Facilities Long Term Care Facilities (LTC or LTCF)(LTC or LTCF)

• Provide care for elderly, individuals Provide care for elderly, individuals with chronic of long-term illnesswith chronic of long-term illness

• Individuals receiving care are usually Individuals receiving care are usually called residents instead of patients called residents instead of patients (or clients)(or clients)

Long-term care facilitiesLong-term care facilitiesNursing homes or geriatric Nursing homes or geriatric homeshomes• Provide basic physical and emotional Provide basic physical and emotional

carecare

• Usually for individuals who cannot Usually for individuals who cannot care for themselvescare for themselves

• Help individuals with activities of daily Help individuals with activities of daily living (ADLs), provide a safe and living (ADLs), provide a safe and secure environment, and promote secure environment, and promote opportunities for social interactionsopportunities for social interactions

Extended care or skilled care Extended care or skilled care facilitiesfacilities

• Provide skilled nursing and rehabilitative Provide skilled nursing and rehabilitative carecare

• Prepare resident for return to home Prepare resident for return to home environment or other long-term facilityenvironment or other long-term facility

• Some have subacute units: provide Some have subacute units: provide rehabilitation services for major illness or rehabilitation services for major illness or surgery, treatment for cancer, or surgery, treatment for cancer, or treatments such as dialysis or heart treatments such as dialysis or heart monitoringmonitoring

Extended care or skilled care Extended care or skilled care facilitiesfacilities

• Independent or assisted living Independent or assisted living facilities: individuals purchase or facilities: individuals purchase or rent unit and can receive services rent unit and can receive services such as meals, housekeeping, such as meals, housekeeping, laundry, transportation, social laundry, transportation, social events, and basic medical careevents, and basic medical care

Medical OfficesMedical Offices

ServicesServices

• ExaminationsExaminations

• DiagnosisDiagnosis

• Basic laboratory testsBasic laboratory tests

• TreatmentTreatment

• Minor SurgeryMinor Surgery

• Specialties (Examples include: Specialties (Examples include: Pediatrics, Cardiology, and Obstetrics)Pediatrics, Cardiology, and Obstetrics)

Dental OfficesDental Offices

• Private offices to dental clinics Private offices to dental clinics employing several dentistsemploying several dentists

• Dental clinics now found in major Dental clinics now found in major retail/department storesretail/department stores

• Can provide general or specialized Can provide general or specialized dental caredental care

ClinicsClinicsSatellite Clinics or Satellite Satellite Clinics or Satellite CentersCenters

• Found in many types of health careFound in many types of health care

• Can refer to group of medical/dental Can refer to group of medical/dental doctors who share a facility and doctors who share a facility and other personnelother personnel

ClinicsClinics• Other clinics operated by corporation or Other clinics operated by corporation or

private groups and provide special care:private groups and provide special care:

• Surgical clinics or surgicentersSurgical clinics or surgicenters

• Emergency care clinicsEmergency care clinics

• Rehabilitation clinicsRehabilitation clinics

• Specialty Clinics: Diabetes or oncology Specialty Clinics: Diabetes or oncology (cancer) clinics(cancer) clinics

• Hospitals often operate clinics such as Hospitals often operate clinics such as outpatient clinicsoutpatient clinics

ClinicsClinics

• Health Departments offer clinics such Health Departments offer clinics such as…as…– Pediatric carePediatric care– Sexually transmitted diseasesSexually transmitted diseases– Family PlanningFamily Planning– ImmunizationsImmunizations

• Medical Centers also sponsor clinicsMedical Centers also sponsor clinics

Optical CentersOptical Centers

• Can be individually owned by an Can be individually owned by an ophthalmologist or optometrist or be ophthalmologist or optometrist or be part of a large chain of storespart of a large chain of stores

• Provide vision examinations Provide vision examinations

• Prescribe eye glasses or contact Prescribe eye glasses or contact lenseslenses

• Check for the presence of eye Check for the presence of eye diseasesdiseases

Emergency Care ServicesEmergency Care Services• Provide special care for accidents or Provide special care for accidents or

sudden illnesssudden illness• Ambulance services: private and Ambulance services: private and

governmentalgovernmental• Rescue squads: frequently operated Rescue squads: frequently operated

by fire departmentsby fire departments• Emergency care clinicsEmergency care clinics• ERs operated by hospitalsERs operated by hospitals• Helicopter or airplanesHelicopter or airplanes

LaboratoriesLaboratories

• Can be part of other facility or Can be part of other facility or operated as separate health care operated as separate health care serviceservice

• Medical laboratories: perform Medical laboratories: perform diagnostic testsdiagnostic tests

• Dental laboratories: prepare Dental laboratories: prepare dentures and other devicesdentures and other devices

Home Health CareHome Health Care• Provide care in patient’s homeProvide care in patient’s home

• Examples of care…Examples of care…

• Nursing careNursing care

• Personal care: bathing dressing, and Personal care: bathing dressing, and so forthso forth

• Therapy: physical, occupational, Therapy: physical, occupational, speech, respiratoryspeech, respiratory

• Homemaking: food preparation, Homemaking: food preparation, cleaning, washing, and so forthcleaning, washing, and so forth

Hospice Hospice • Provide care for terminally ill persons Provide care for terminally ill persons

with life expectancy of six months or with life expectancy of six months or lessless

• Care provided in person’s home or Care provided in person’s home or hospice facilityhospice facility

• Allows person to die with dignity and Allows person to die with dignity and in comfortin comfort

• Provides psychological, social, Provides psychological, social, spiritual, and financial counseling for spiritual, and financial counseling for both patient and familyboth patient and family

Mental Health FacilitiesMental Health Facilities

• Deal with mental diseases and disordersDeal with mental diseases and disorders

• Examples…Examples…

• Guidance and counseling centersGuidance and counseling centers

• Psychiatric clinics and hospitalsPsychiatric clinics and hospitals

• Chemical abuse treatment centers for Chemical abuse treatment centers for alcohol/drug abusealcohol/drug abuse

• Physical abuse treatment centers (child Physical abuse treatment centers (child or spouse abuse)or spouse abuse)

Genetic Counseling CentersGenetic Counseling Centers

• Perform prenatal (before birth) Perform prenatal (before birth) screening testsscreening tests

• Checking for genetic abnormalities Checking for genetic abnormalities and birth defectsand birth defects

• Explaining the results of the testsExplaining the results of the tests• Identifying medical options when a Identifying medical options when a

birth defect is presentbirth defect is present• Helping individuals cope with the Helping individuals cope with the

psychological issues caused by a psychological issues caused by a genetic disordergenetic disorder

Rehabilitation CentersRehabilitation Centers

• Provide care directed at helping patient Provide care directed at helping patient with physical or mental disabilities with physical or mental disabilities obtain maximum self-care and functionobtain maximum self-care and function

• Can include hospitals, clinics, and/or Can include hospitals, clinics, and/or private centersprivate centers

• Services can include physical, Services can include physical, occupational, recreational, speech, and occupational, recreational, speech, and hearing therapieshearing therapies

Health Maintenance Health Maintenance OrganizationsOrganizations

• Preventive health carePreventive health care

• ExaminationsExaminations

• Basic medical servicesBasic medical services

• Health EducationHealth Education

• HospitalizationHospitalization

• Rehabilitation servicesRehabilitation services

Industrial Health Care Industrial Health Care CentersCenters

• Located in large industries or Located in large industries or companiescompanies

• Provide care for employees of the Provide care for employees of the industryindustry

• Services: basic exams, teach Services: basic exams, teach accident prevention/safety, provide accident prevention/safety, provide emergency careemergency care

School Health ServiceSchool Health Service• Found in schools and colleges and Found in schools and colleges and

provide the following services…provide the following services…• Emergency care for accidents and Emergency care for accidents and

sudden illnesssudden illness• Tests to check for health conditions: Tests to check for health conditions:

speech, vision, hearing, and so forthspeech, vision, hearing, and so forth• Promote health educationPromote health education• Maintain safe and sanitary school Maintain safe and sanitary school

environmentenvironment• CounselingCounseling

Government AgenciesGovernment Agencies

• World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization

• International agency sponsored by International agency sponsored by United NationsUnited Nations

• Compiles statistics and information on Compiles statistics and information on diseasedisease

• Publishes health informationPublishes health information

• Investigates and deals with serious Investigates and deals with serious health problems throughout the worldhealth problems throughout the world

United States Department United States Department of Health and Human of Health and Human ServicesServices1.1. National Institutes of Health (NIH): National Institutes of Health (NIH):

research on diseaseresearch on disease

2.2. Centers for Disease Control and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): causes, spread Prevention (CDC): causes, spread and control of diseases in populationsand control of diseases in populations

3.3. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Food and Drug Administration (FDA): regulates food and drug products regulates food and drug products sold to the publicsold to the public

United States Department United States Department of Health and Human of Health and Human ServicesServices4.4. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Agency for Health Care Policy and Research

(AHCPR): established in (AHCPR): established in 1990 to research 1990 to research the quality of health care delivery and the quality of health care delivery and identify the standards of treatment that identify the standards of treatment that should by provided by health care facilitiesshould by provided by health care facilities

5.5. Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): establishes and Administration (OSHA): establishes and enforces standards that protect workers enforces standards that protect workers from job-related injuries and illnessesfrom job-related injuries and illnesses

Health DepartmentsHealth Departments

• Provide specific services needed by Provide specific services needed by state or local communitystate or local community

• Immunization for disease controlImmunization for disease control

• Inspections for environmental health Inspections for environmental health and sanitationand sanitation

• Health educationHealth education

• Collection of statistics and health Collection of statistics and health recordsrecords

Nonprofit / Volunteer Nonprofit / Volunteer AgenciesAgencies

• Supported by donations, membership Supported by donations, membership fees, fundraisers, and federal or state fees, fundraisers, and federal or state grantsgrants

• Provide health services at national, Provide health services at national, state, and local levelsstate, and local levels

Nonprofit / Volunteer Nonprofit / Volunteer AgenciesAgencies• Examples…Examples…• American Cancer SocietyAmerican Cancer Society• American Heart AssociationAmerican Heart Association• American Respiratory Disease American Respiratory Disease

AssociationAssociation• American Diabetes AssociationAmerican Diabetes Association• National Association of Mental HealthNational Association of Mental Health• National Foundation of March of DimesNational Foundation of March of Dimes• American Red CrossAmerican Red Cross• HOSAHOSA

SummarySummary

• Many different types of health care Many different types of health care facilitiesfacilities

• Employ many types of health care Employ many types of health care workersworkers

• Important to be aware of facilities and Important to be aware of facilities and type of servicestype of services

• Important to be aware of different Important to be aware of different insurance plansinsurance plans