DESIGN DIARYHEALING WOUNDED SITE THROUGH MOVEMENT

Teck Kang Poh

2

CONTENT

Chapter 1: PRIMER INVESTIGATION 1.1 Primer Precedent Study 4 1.2SimulationofPedestrianMovementPattern 7 1.33DStudioMaxCrowdSystem 8 1.4TypicalPedestrianMovementBehaviorsandTheirPatterns 9 1.5PedestrianMovementTestModelanditsIterations 12 1.6FromPrimertoDesign 16

Chapter 2: SITE, SITE ANALYSIS, STRATEGIES, PROGRAMME, PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT SIM 2.1Introduction 18 2.2Site 19 2.3 Site Macro Strategy 23 2.4ProjectProposalBrief 25 2.5ClientsandTheirRequirements,andProgrammeBrief 26 2.6SiteAnalysisandStrategy 29 2.7ProgrammeFramework 41 2.8PedestrianSimulationonGraoundLevel 43

Chapter 3: CONCEPTS AND PRECEDENT STUDIES 3.1DesignConcepts 48 3.2DesignPrecedents 50

Chapter 4: DESIGN THESIS DEVELOPMENT 4.1MassingModels 55 4.2SchematicDesign 56 4.3EnvironmentalandTectonicStrategy 57

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1.0PRIMERINVESTIGATION

4

1.1 PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY

BranchingandSubdivisiononaLeaf

Istartedtheprimerbystudyingprecedentsbasedonthemesofbranchingandsubdivision.Thefirstoneisbranchingandsubdivisiononaleaf.

Thisprecedentstudyaimstoinvestigatehowaleafisformedtoworkefficientlyunderinfluencefromdifferentnaturalelements(sun,water,gravityetc).Lessonsshouldbelearnedfromnature,onhowspatialorganisationandbuiltformshouldcorrespondtotheelementsinthecontextwhichwill influenceindirectlyordirectlytothebuiltenvironment.Theseelements includesun,wind,circulation,topography,socio-economy,views,linkage,etc.Thesearethevariableswhichthepa-rametersofthedesignarecorrespondingto.

Theimageonthebottomleftistheexplodedexonometricviewoftheleafsurface,highlightingthestructureoftheveinsandthespacesin-between.

Subdivisions of the leaf workon the collection of sunlightenergy through photosyntesis,absorbingCO2andreleasingO2 astheby-products.

Branches of veins work ontransporting the water andmineralfromtherootsintotheleaf, and also transporting sapwith dissolved sucrose out oftheleaf.

PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY

5PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY

HardbruckeStationSBBWorkstation

AltstettenStation

Logistic

ZurichCentralStation

Zurich Rail Track Field

ThisprecedentstudyonrailtrackfieldwestofZurichspecificallylooksathowtwodifferentusesoftherailtrackfieldforpublictransportandforproducelogistic,trainparkingandtrainmaintenanceintervenewithoneanother.Thepublictransportrailtracksweavingtheirwaythroughthemassiverailtrackfield(logistic,parkingandmaintenance)andhencebranchouttodifferentdestinations,creatingthiscomplexyetlogicalpattern.

Redlinesandspotsindicatetherailtracksforproducelogistic,trainparkingandtrainmaintenancewhileblacklinesindicatetherailtracksforpublictransport.Theyellowcolouredareaindicatesthetrainstations.

6PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY

ForbiddenCity,Beijing

TheimageshowstheforbiddencityinBeijing.Itisawalledcomplex,withinwhichsubdividedintodifferentsmallerpartsandcourtyards,andthereisstrongsenseofhierrachyinthesubdivision,ofwhichdependsonthestatus,theorientationetc.Thereissimilaritytohowacityisdividedintodistricts(centraldistricthasdifferentsubdivisionthanotherdistricts),andalsohowamunicipalofficeisdividedintodifferentdepartments.Therefore,thepatternofsubdivisiondependsonnu-merousvariableswithintheframework.

Motorway Interchange at Shanghai

The imageshowsoneofthemotorway interchanges inShanghai.Motorway interchange is themeetingpointofmanybranchesofmotorway.Itenablesseamlessflowoftrafficfromonebranchtoanotherandalsoenablesthebranchesofmotorwaytotapintodifferentareasinthecity.Smallbranchesfromthemainbranchesaretheretoconnectallthemainbranchestogetherandtoen-sureseamlesstrafficflowinamotorwayinterchangeinshanghai.Canbeseenfromthediagramthatthemainbranchessplitoutintosmallbrancheswhichlatercombineagainwithothersmallbranchestoformothermainbranches.Thedesignofthesmallbranchesdependheavilyontheconstraintsofthesite.

Fromthesestudies,Ifoundoutthatbranchingandsubdivisionshappensundercertainrulesandexternalconditions,thattheyhappenforcertainreason.Therefore,theseprocessesareparamet-ricinnature,iewhenoneoftheparametersalters,theresultwillchangeaswell.Subsequently,Iwentonlookingathowpedestriansbehaveunderinfluencefromdifferentparametersinthebuiltenvironment.Inotherwords,howthebuiltenvironmentisdesignedcantoacertainextentdeter-minehowthepedestriansmovearound.

73D STUDIO MAX CROWD SYSTEM

1.2 SIMULATION OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT PATTERN

Toinvestigatehowpedestrianbehaveunderdifferentparametersinbuiltenvironment,Ineedtohighlightfirstthe importantpedestrianbehaviors,andhowthesebehaviorsare influencedanddeterminedbythedesignparametersinthebuiltenvironment.Hence,Ineedtosimulatethesebehaviorsinrelationtothedesignparametersintroduced.

Belowisaphysicalmodelshowingunderlyingideabehindpedestrianmovementpattern.Iusedseveralmagnet rods, 2 attractedand sandwiched thepersplex sheet inbetweenbothmagnetrods.Thesepairsofmagnetrodsrepresentthedesignparameters,whentheyaremovedaround,thepatternofthestringattachedinbetweenthesetwomagnetrodschangesaswell.

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1.3 3D STUDIO MAX CROWD SYSTEM

Iamusing3DStudioMaxCrowdSystemtosimulatepedestrianmovementpattern.3DStudioMaxCrowdSystemisusedusuallytocreatereal-lifecrowdanimation.Therefore,itisappropriatetobeusedformyprimeroftestingandalteringthecrowdsystemtosimulatepedestrianmovementpattern.Inthecrowdsystem,therearesomebasicmovementbehaviorstosimulatethereal-lifebehaviors.Somereal-lifemovementbehaviorsthatIpostulatedhereinmyprimerarethecombi-nationofdifferentbasicbehaviors.

Acrowdsystemconsistsofacrowdhelperanddelegates.Crowdhelpercanbeusedtoclonedel-egatesanddistributetheclones,addbehaviors,applybehaviorstodelegates,andsolvethecrowdanimation.Thesolvingofacrowdanimationisbasedonparametersthatsetinthecrowdmodel,whichincludesgeometriesinthemodelthatinfluencethebehaviorsandtheparametersofthebehaviors.Thedelegatesarehelperswhichcanbeusedtolinktoobjects,butinmyprimer,theactualformoftheobjectsisnotabigconcern,thereforethedelegatesareusedtoproducetrajec-toriesformypedestrianmovementpatterns,whiledifferentparametersandbehaviorsaffecttheirmovementpattern.

Inthefollowingsection,throughobservingvideofootagesonpublicspacesontheweb, Ihaveidentifiedafewimportantpedestrianmovementbehaviorsandused3DStudioMaxcrowdsystemtosimulatethem.Hence,thesebehaviorsareusedinmytestmodeltoexaminehowchangesoftheparametersinthemodelcantransformpedestrianmovementpattern.

3D STUDIO MAX CROWD SYSTEM

CrowdHelper Delegates

9TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS

1.4 TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS

Thefollowingdiagramsshowtypicalpedestrianmovementbehaviorsandtheirpatterns.Itistruethatitisimpossibletodissectfullyhowpedestriansmoveandbehaveinpublicspaces.Theyarepartofthecomplexorganismofanurbansystem,wherepluralityofhumanbehaviorsisextensive.Therefore, I have highlighted just a handful of important and most typical pedestrian movement behaviors, which I can use to predict and forecast pedestrian movement pattern in urban and architecture designs.

WANDERING BEHAVIORDelegatesexhibit semi-randomwanderingbehaviorwhich led themtowalkaimlessly, typicallysuitableforashoppingmallorpublicsquare.

AVOID EACH OTHERDelegateswillavoideachotherwhilecontinueonintheirdirections,throughturning,brakingandrepelling.Thisisthemostbasicbehaviorthatalldelegatesexhibit.

AVOID OBSTACLESDelegateswillavoidobstaclesintheirpathandgetrepelledfromtheobstacles.

10TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS

POINT ATTRACTORDelegateswillbeattractedtoapointinspacewhilemovingonintheirdirection.

FINITE CIRCULAR ATTRACTOR Delegateswillbeattractedtoafinitecircularobjectinspacewhilemovingonintheirdirection.Theywillbefollowingalongtheattractorsurfaceandthenrepelledfromtheobjectatcertaindis-tancefromtheobject.

FINITE ORTHOGONAL ATTRACTOR Delegateswillbeattractedtoafiniteorthogonalobjectinspacewhilemovingonintheirdirec-tion.Theywillbefollowingalongtheattractorsurfaceandthenrepelledfromtheobjectatcertaindistancefromtheobject.

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SPACE WARP BEHAVIORDelegateswill bewarpedalonga curvedgeometry. Thisbehavior is suitable for situations likewalkingalongathresholdinapublicspace.

PATH FOLLOW BEHAVIORDelegateswillwalkalongdesignatedpathstotheirdestinations.Thisnetworkofpathswhichde-terminethedestinationsandpointofdepartureofthepedestrianscanbealteredinthedesignprocessandsubsequentlypedestrianmovementpatterntransformsaswell.

SURFACE FOLLOW BEHAVIORDelegateswillwalkintheirdirectionsfollowingontheformofthesurfacetheyarewalkingon,forexample,theywillwalkalongthesamecontourlineinsteadoftransversingthecontourlines.

SPEED VARY BEHAVIORThisbehaviorcannotbeshowninthediagram,butitisalsoanessentialbehaviorwheredelegates’speedsvaryrandomly.Thespeedofeverypedestriandifferfromeachotheranddependsontheirphysique.

TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS

12PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS

1.5 PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS

ITERATION 1Thisisthemostbasiciteration,with‘avoideachother’,‘wandering’,‘speedvary’and‘pathfollow’behaviorsapplied.Delegateswillwalk totheirdestinationsdesignated in thenetworkofpathswhileobservingtheotherbasicbehaviors.

ITERATION 2In this iteration,finitecircularattractor is introduced.Canbeseenhere thatdelegatesswayedfromthepathintotheattractor,beforecontinueoninthepathdirections.

13PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS

ITERATION 3Inthisiteration,obstaclesareintroducedtoavoiddirectlineofactionfromtheattractoronthedelegates,hencedivertingthedelegatesawayfromtheattractor,diminishingitseffect.

ITERATION 4Inthisiteration,spacewarpsareintroducedtostreamlinethedelegatesmovementpattern.

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ITERATION 5Inthisiteration,theattractorisremovedtoseehowthedelegatesmoveinthespacearoundtheattractor;canbeseenherethatthisspacelooksdesertedandunused.

ITERATION 6Inthisiteration,thedimensionoftheattractorisincreased,toseehowdelegatesmovementpat-ternmightdifferfromthatofiteration4withsmallerattractor.

PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS

15PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS

ITERATION 7Inthisiteration,thestrengthoftheattractorisincreased,withhigherattractionforcetoseehowitwill influencethedelegatesmovementpattern.Canbeseenherethatdelegatesspendmoretimeinthespacearoundtheattractor,andconsequentlycreatingdisruptionstotheflowofmove-ment.

ITERATION 8Inthisiteration,oneofthepathsisdeformedandmovedfurtherawayfromtheattractor.Canbeseenherethattheattractorhaslessinfluenceondelegatesmovingonthatpath.

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Organisationoffunctionsand the network of linksbetweenthem.Theexist-ingfeatureshavecreatedconstraints for thedesig-nationofthelinks.

People movement pat-tern simulation andanalyse the quality ofthemovementpattern.

Reiteration of the wholeprocess until desirablepeople movement patternis achieved. The desirablenetworkoflinkswillbecomethe backbone for subse-quentdesignprocesses,andtheformofthearchitecturewill be designed to accom-modate people movementpattern.

Re-organisation of func-tions and subsequentlythe network of links sothat the people move-ment pattern is im-proved.

Introduction of otherfeatures like attractor,space warp elements,etctoimprovethepeo-plemovementpattern.

FROM PRIMER TO DESIGN

1.6 FROM PRIMER TO DESIGN

Primerisaboutpedestrianmovementbehaviorsandhowdesignparameterswillinfluencethesebehaviorsandthesubsequentmovementpattern.Therefore,Iamlookingathowtheideasbehindtheprimercanbeutilisedtoinformthedesignprocessthroughiterationofprocessesasfollows.

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2.0SITE,SITEANALYSIS,STRATEGIES,PROGRAMME,PEDESTRIANMOVEMENTSIM

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2.1 INTRODUCTION

Intheprimer,Ididinvestigationonsimulationofpeoplemovementpatternandhowitcanbeusedtoinforminmysubsequentdesignthesisprocesses.Totestitonthedesignstage,thechosensiteisveryimportant.Itshouldbeabrownfieldordisusedsiteinacityquarter,whereitissegregatedfromthecitycentrebyrailwaysandhighways,andhencehowthesitecanbelinkedbacktothecityandhealedthroughpeoplemovementwillbethemainthemeofthedesignprocesses.

Themethodologyof this designproject is tousemyprimer as the apparatusor tool to simu-latepeoplemovementpatternwhendesignandarchitectureelementsareintroduced.FromthesimulationIcandeterminehowwelladesignedspacemightbe,andsubsequentlythemovementpatternandtheparametersappliedwillbethebackboneformysubsequentdesignprocesses.Al-thoughthesimulationmaynotbeempirical,buttheideabehinditistogetrudimentaryideasandimpressionsonhowthepeoplemightusetheplace,therefore,themovementpatternsimulationcanbeusedasanimportantdesignstartingpoint.

However,thedesignprojectwillnotbebasedsolelyonthesimulation,rather,itwillalsobelookedfrommultiplereadingsofthesite,andsubsequentlythecorrespondingstrategiesfromthesiteanalysiswillbeintegratedtogetherwiththesimulationtoproducewell-thoughtandcontext-sen-sitivedesignprecursors.

INTRODUCTION

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2.2 SITE

ThechosensiteislocatedalongsouthernedgeofcitycentreinCardiff,segregatedfromthecitycentrebyelevatedrailwaytracks.DuringindustrialagewhenCardiffBay(CardiffDocklands)wasatitszenith,theareafromthesitetillthetipofthedocklandsinthesouthhousedthrivingcom-munityandnumerousbasins,docksandcanals,whichwerethebackbonesoftheportofCardiffDocklands.CardiffDocklandswasthebiggestcoalexportingportintheworld,withrailwayusedtotransportcoalfrominlandtotheportforexporting.Railwaytracksanddockswerethecommonsightduringitsheyday,alongsidewiththethrivingcommunityinButetown.

However,afterthecollapseofcoalindustryinthelate50s,theportdeterioratedandsubsequentlylargelybecamedisused. In the late80s,amajor redevelopment for theareacalledCardiffBaystarted.Itisacontroversialredevelopment,asthebuiltenvironmentoftheportwaschangedbe-yondrecognition,withcanalsanddocksfilledupandrailwaytracksremoved,replacedbymostlytypologicalhousingblocks,despite introductionof somestateof theart architecture.Now, itsoriginalcharactersweretheremotepast,withlittletracesofthepast.Theareaisnowsoalien-atedfromthecitycentreanditshistory,wherebothcitycentreandthedocklandswereoncecon-nected,sharingthesamecharactersandpurpose.

DuetotheunsuccessfulofCardiffBaydevelopmenttoheightentheawarenessofCardiffbuiltenvi-ronmentanditsheritage,hence,theprojectshouldbedesigntoaddressthisissue,andisaimedtoincreaseappreciationtowardsCardiffsurvivingheritagebuildingsaswellassubsequentlyincreaseawarenessandparticipationoflocalpopulationinCardiffpresentandfuturebuiltenvironment.

ThesiteissandwichedbetweenCardiffDocklandsandthecitycentre.Therefore,itisthebestsiteforaprojecttore-linkbothsidesofthecity,andtoactastheincubatorforthe‘renaissance’ofCardiffbuilt-environment.Andtore-linkmeanstohealthewoundedsitewithpeoplemovementthroughthesite.

SITE

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Thesite,wherecitycentreislocatedacrosstherailwayattheNorth.Aroundthesiteareofficebuildings(CallaghanSquare)totheWestandproposedCapitalQuarterDevel-

opmenttotheEastofthesite

SITE

21SITE

QUEEN STREETTRAIN STATION

CARDIFF UNIVERSITY

500 SPACECAR PARK

PROPOSED NEWPEDESTRIANBRIDGE

CARDIFFINTERNATIONALARENA

ATRIUMUniversity ofGlamorgan

ST DAVIDS /JOHN LEWIS

CAFÉ QUARTERBars, restaurants etc.

To M4

CARDIFF BAY &LINK TO M4MOTORWAY

CENTRAL TRAINSTATION

Cardiff Bay

Cardiff Bay

www.capitalquarter.co.uk

CITY MEETS CENTRE

InadditiontotheCallaghanSquarebusinessparklocatedacrossButeStreettotheWestofthesite,anewdevelopmentnamelyCapitalQuarterisproposedacrossButeDockfeedercanaltotheEastofthesite.Whencompleted,thisdevelopmentconsistsofofficespaces,residentialunitsanduniversitydepartments.Therefore,thisdevelopmentwillcreatedemandforpublicspaces,shopsandgastronomyoutletsinthevicinity.Thechosensitewhichissandwichedbetweenthesetwodevelopmentshashugepotentialtobedevelopedintoaone-stopplaceforpeopleworkingandlivinginthevicinity.

22SITE

Walking towards thesite fromcitycentreunderrailwaybridge

Railwayviaductsalongthenorthernedgeofthesite

Morecarparkingspacesonthesite The West facade of the existingwarehousebuilding

AlongtheeasternedgeofthesiteistheButeDockFeedingCanal

Modernskylinealongthenorthernedgeofthesite,separatingthesiteandbeyondfromcitycentre

The railway viaducts, and the sitewhichisnowusedastemporarycarparkingspaces

The site, viewed from the railwaybridge

Existing industrial-era warehousebuilding,ownedbyWelshNationalOpera,slatedtobedemolished

23SITE MACRO STRATEGY

2.3 SITE MACRO STRATEGY

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Macro Strategy - Heritage Route and Cycling Route

Aheritageandcyclingroute(incollaborationwithOybike)willgothroughtheareawithcontrastingcharactersalongit.Fromthecontroversialdevelopmentatthebaytotheremainingindustrialandportheritagealongtherailwayandthedock,andtothecivicandcitycentreofCardiff,thisroutewillopentheeyesoflocalpeopleandvisitorshowCardiffhastransformed,henceincreas-ingawarenessonthebuilt-environmentofCardiff.Thesiteisatthecentreandanchorpointof theroute,whichwillactasaninformationcentreofCardiffbuiltenvironment,showcasingvitalinfoandhistoryofCardiff,asaplaceforCardiffCityCounciltoshare its vision for the futureofCardiffwith the localpeople,andasaplacewhereworkshopsanddiscussionsonfuturede-velopmentsinCardiffcantakeplace.Oybikerentalstationwillbelocatedonthesitetoimprovethecyclingaccessibilitythroughthe area.

Macro Strategy - Railway Station

Anewrailwaystationwillbebuiltonthesite,toservepatronsfromsurroundingdevelopments,aswellasthelocalpopulation.Atalargerscale,itwillincreasetheaccessibilitytothesitefromlargerextentofthecity

Macro Strategy - Green Belt

RecreationalgreenbeltwillbecreatedstartingfromthesitetoCardiffBayalongtherailwaytracktothebay.

SITE MACRO STRATEGY

25PROJECT PROPOSAL BRIEF

2.4 PROJECT PROPOSAL BRIEF

TheproposedprojectiscalledCardiff Centre for the Built Environment (CCBE), with the main aim toimprovethecity’sfuturearchitecture,urbanplanningandconstructionpractice,sothattheywillbemoresensitivetotheexistingurbantextureofCardiffandtotheenvironment,andsubse-quentlymorewellthoughtandholisticfuturearchitectureandurbandesign.

ItishopedthatbyshowcasingthepastofCardiff’sbuilt-environment,awarenessofitanditstrans-formationwillbeinstilledtothelocalpopulationandthepublic.Consequently,thisprojectisalsoaimedtoopenthebuiltenvironmentsceneinCardifftothelocalpopulationaswellasvisitors,toletthemunderstandandappreciateitspast,andhencetoincludetheirviewsandfeedbackonCardiff’sfuturearchitectureandurbanplanning.ThisplacewillactastheincubatorofviewsandknowledgeonCardiff’sbuiltenvironment,whichemphasizesonthecontributionfromalllevelsofsociety.

Theprojectwillbethemainnodalpointalongtheproposedpublicheritageroute-willactasthesourceofinformationonCardiff’sbuiltenvironmentforpedestrianalongtheroute.Theideaofmakingitthenodalpointontheproposedrouteisaimedtomakethiscentrethemeetingpoint,andsubsequentlydrawpeopleintothegalleriesofCardiff’sbuiltenvironment.Hence,publicrealmisanimportantthemeforthisproject,whereitwillbeembeddedandweavedwithinandwiththepublicroutesandspacesofthecity.

Inadditiontothenodalpointfunctionforthepublicheritageroute,theprojectisalsodesignedasthemeetingplaceforprofessionalplanners,citycouncil,traders,andthepublic,whereplanningworkshopsareheldbetweentheplanners,citycouncilandthepublic,andalsowheretraderscanexhibittheirproducts,thereforeincreasingcompetitionandquality.Also,thisfacilitywillprovidestart-upspacesfornewyoungarchitecturalfirms.

AsanaspirationofthecitycounciltoimproveaccessibilitybetweenCardiffandCardiffBay,arail-waystationwillbeintroducedtothesite,wherebypeoplefromthesurroundingofficesandfuturedevelopmentofCapitalQuarterwillbebenefitedfromthestation.Itwillalsoactasanimportantattractoronthesiteinadditiontootherattractorsproposed-thecentreforthebuiltenvironment,greenbelttoCardiffBayandseriesofpublicspaces.

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ARCHITECTSDEVELOPERS

CONTRACTORSCITY COUNCIL-

DCSWTRADERS

PUBLIC & VISITORS

LOCAL COMMUNITY GROUPS

ConferenceProducts Showcase

Galleries of Development AreasHistory of Cardiff Gallery

Cardiff City Scale Models Gallery

CARDIFF CENTRE FOR BUILT-ENVIRONMENT

Adds Cardiff Built-environment Value

Improves Construction and Plan-ning Scene

City ForumPlanning Workshops

Public SpacesRestaurants & Cafes

Railway Station

Rent

Attract Investments

Sense of Belonging and Pride

Awareness on Cardiff Built Environment and History

Alternative Mode of

Transport to the bay

Improve City Acsessibilty

CLIENTS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS

2.5 CLIENTS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS, AND PROGRAMME BRIEF

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PRIVATE(main players in

built-environment)

RSAW(through contribution from major architects)

DevelopersTraders

ContractorsCommercial

Partners

Network Rail

-Champions good design and high quality built environ-ment in through design reviews, public participations and educations.-Networking and business expansion for the architects, developers, construction traders and contractors.

-Operates commercial outlets in the scheme

-Close joint work needed with Network Rail for construc-tion of new train platforms, reuse of the viaducts for com-mercial purposes and upgrading of the elevated rail track section which runs across the site

PUBLIC(governmental architec-

ture and planning organi-sations)

DCSW(Design Commission for

Wales)

Strategic Plan-ning & Environ-

ment(Cardiff City Council)

-Champions good design and high quality built environ-ment in through design reviews, public participations and educations.-Regenerates the site and its surrounding area through urban design. -Showcases the Cardiff urban development plans to the public and encourages public participation in the plan-ning process

Public-Private Partnership

CLIENTS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS

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Programme Brief

Theprogrammesincludegalleriesforthescalemodelsofthecity,historyofthecityanddiffer-entdevelopmentareasinthecity.Thesegallerieswilltogetherformthemaincirculationrouteofthearchitecturalpromenadethroughthefacility.Otherfacilitiesincludeamid-sizedauditorium,roomsforworkshopsandmeetings,andproductexhibitionspace.BesidesthefacilitiesofCCBE,thecommercialpartoftheprojectprovidesspacesforshopsandgastronomyoutlets.PublicspaceandgreenbeltmediateinbetweenCCBEandthecommercialpart.Thecommercialisessentialasitcanproviderevenuetothewholeproject,aswellasattractcrowdintotheproject.

RoughEstimateofAreaRequiredforEachProgramme

GalleryspaceforscalemodelsofCardiffCity 700m2

GalleryspaceforthehistoryofCardiffCity 100m2

GalleryspacesfordifferentdevelopmentareasinCardiff 200m2

GalleryspacesforcasestudiesonselectedprojectinWales 200m2

Officespacesforstartingupofnewarchitecturepractice 200m2

Auditorium 500m2

Workshopandmeetingrooms 200m2

Educationalfacilities 125m2

Eventspaceforproductexhibition 225m2

Cafesandrestaurants 1000m2

PublicopenspacesPublicarcadeAdministrativeOffices 100m2

Utilitiesandotherservices 125m2

SouvenirShops 100m2

RailwayStation 500m2

PROGRAMME BRIEF

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2.6 SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

SITE ANALYSIS

Nolli Plan

ThediagramacrossshowstheNolliPlanofthearea.Theden-sityatthecitycentreisalothigherthanthatofCardiffBay.ThisdifferenceshowsthatCardiffBayisverysegregatedfromthecitycentre,becauseofthelowdensityCardiffBaydevel-opmentandalsothedifferentlanduse.Therefore,thisprojectshouldactasthetransitionfromhighdensitytolowdensity,inotherwords,itshouldbeinthemiddleofboth.

30SITE ANALYSIS

Residential

Offices

Shopping

Gastronomy & Night Life

Hotel

Industrial

Education

Cultural & Religion

Land Use

Hugediversity of landuse around the site, proves that theprojectshouldandexpectedtoaddvaluesociallyandenvi-ronmentallytotheexistingandfuturedevelopment,servingdiversesphereofpeoplearoundthesite.

31SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

Edge Condition Analysis

Thediagramacrossshowsexistingedgeconditionofthesite.Theredcolouredannotationrepresentstheobstructiveandrepulsive elevated railway tracks and viaductswhich dividethe site into two. The blue coloured annotation representstheattractivenatureoftheButedockfeedercanalaswaterelementwhichiscurrentlyunder-utilised.Theblackcolouredannotationrepresentsheavytrafficstreetboundarywhichisrepulsive,withsoundandnoisepollution.

32SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

Edge Condition Strategy

Theseedgesshouldbeintervenedandutilisedwhileretain-ingitscharacteristics.Thespacesbeneaththeviaducttothenorthernedgewillbeadaptivereusedforshopsandgastron-omyoutlets.Theelevatedrailwaytrackinbetweenbothendsofthesitewillbetransformedintoaurbangreenbelt,whichwillcontinuealongtherailwaytrackdowntothebay.Thepe-destrianrouteswillbedesignedtoweavethroughthesite.

33SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

Site Structure Analysis

Thediagramacrossshowsthestructureof thesite. It isor-thogonalinnature,withtheelevatedrailwaytrackandroaddisruptthesitestructure.

34SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

Site Structure Strategy

Thesitestructureshouldasmuchaspossiblebetakenastheprecursorsbehindtheformationofthestructuregridoftheschematicdesign.

35SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

Vistas Analysis

Due to the centrality of the sitewithin the context of Car-diffcity,generousprovisionofviewsfromthesitetoitssur-rounding (thebay,Butetown,citycentreetc)are importantfeatures.Thisnatureofthesiteshouldbeexploitedasmuchaspossible to add value to theurbandesignof Cardiff citythroughintroductionofurbanmeetingspacesforlocalpop-ulationandtouristswithviewsout todifferentpartsof thecity.Thediagramacrossshowsimportantfeatureswithinthesitevicinityandpartsofthesitewhichofferimportantviews.Pocketsofspaceswithdifferentviewswillbedottedaroundthescheme.

36SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

Vistas Strategy

Pocketsofspaceswithdifferentviewswillbedottedaroundthe scheme, containedwithin continuous important routesandspaces.

37SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

Sun Exposure Analysis

Thediagramacrossshowstheexistingsunshadowrangeandexposurethroughoutthewholeyear.Duetothesouthfacingnatureofthesite,quiteabigportionofthesitesreceivealotofsunshinethroughouttheyear.

38SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

Sun Exposure Strategy

Thesebrightareaswillbefullyutilisedaspublicsquaresandgreenspaces.

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Alsphaltsurface

Gravelsurface

Grass & Gravelsurface

SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

Ground Texture Analysis

Thediagramacrossshowstheexistinggroundtexture,wherethewestsideofthesiteiscoveredwithalsphaltforcarpark-ing, while the elevated railway is covered with vegetationandtheeastsideiscoveredwithgravel.Thecharacterofthegroundtextureiscombinationofnature,rusticandnewsur-faces.

40SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY

Ground Texture Strategy

Thestrategyistouniteallthesedifferentgroundtextureswithnewsurfacetreatmentofvegetation,whileretainingoriginalcharactersofeachsurface.Forexample,vegetationwillbein-troducedintobothgravelandalsphatesurfacesbymeansofplantingetc.

41PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK

2.7 PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK

*CCBE - Cardiff Centre for the Built Environment

City Centre

Butetown

Capital Quarter Development

Cardiff Bay

Gastronomy and Shops

Elevated Green Public Space

Railway Station

CCBE Internal Public Space with City Model

CCBE Main Entrance Foyer

CCBE Souvenir Shop

CCBE Workshop and Meeting Rooms

CCBE Auditorium

CCBE Admin Offices

CCBE Construction and Built Environment Products Gallery

Bute Dock Feeder Canal Public Space

Bute St. Public Space

CCBE Event and Exposition Hall

Callaghan Square

CCBE Cardiff Architecture Heri-tage Gallery

CCBE Wales Case Study Gallery

CCBE Development Areas Gallery

CCBE Cafe

viewpoint

viewpoint

42PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK

City Centre

Butetown

Capital Quarter Development

Cardiff Bay

Callaghan Square

CCBE Internal Public Space with City Model 1

Bute St. Public Space2Bute Dock Feeder Canal Public Space3

Railway Station4CCBE Event and Exposition Hall5Gastronomy and Shops6CCBE Main Entrance Foyer7Elevated Green Public Space8CCBE Auditorium9CCBE Workshop and Meeting Rooms10

CCBE Cardiff Architecture Heri-tage Gallery 11

CCBE Development Areas Gallery12CCBE Cafe13CCBE Wales Case Study Gallery14CCBE Products Gallery15

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2.8 PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL

PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL

The diagrams across shows iteration of parameters intro-ducedinthesitecrowdsystemmodel.First,pathsareintro-ducedwhichleadtodifferentpartsofthesite.Simulationisdonewiththebasisthatnootherparametersareintroducedexcept for thepaths.Then, further iterationsaredonewithintroductionofattractorsandobstacles.Attractorsbeingtheattractivefeatureswithintheprogrammes.

44PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL

Thediagramsontheleftshowfurtherit-erationswithmodifiedpathswithshort-erdistances.

Thediagramsontherightshowfurtheriterationswithoutpredefinedpathswith-in the site, except for only pathswhichlead to the site, and simulation isdonebasedonthebasisthatthedelegateswillfindtheshortestandmostefficientwaythroughthesitetogettothedestinationpaths.

From these patterns, main pedestrianroutes can be simplified and deter-mined.

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Reading of Pedestrian Simulation Patterns

From the simulation and corresponding pattern ofmovement produced, themain pedestrianrouteswillbedeterminedthroughiteration.Thefinaliterationisshownbelow.

PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL

46PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL

Gastronomy & Shops

CCBE

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Thediagramacrossshowsthemainpedestrianrouteandthegreenbelt,mainpublic spaces and themainCCBEbuildingcomplexalignment,concludedfromalltheinformationgath-eredfrompreviousstudiesandanalysis.

47

3.0CONCEPTSANDPRECEDENTSTUDIES

48

3.1 DESIGN CONCEPTS

Centrality

Thedevelopmentwillbecomethecentreofmanythings.Itwillbetheanchorpointoftheproposedheritageroute,itwillbetheone-stopandmeetingpointforpatronsaroundthearea,itwillbecomemeetingpointforthoseinterestedandinvolvedinbuiltenvironment,itwillbecentrewithlotsofviewpointstoCardiffcityanditwillbetheanchorpointofgreenbeltwhichwillrunfromCardiffcitytoCardiffbay.

Forms

Theformofthecomplexwilltakeintoaccountoftheexistingsitestructure,aswellaswaystobreakthisstructuretoproduceinterweavingform.

DESIGN CONCEPTS

49DESIGN CONCEPTS

Thediagramsummarisesthemaindesignconcept,withhugeinternalpublicspacecontainedwithintheexistingwarehousebuilding,withinteriorstrippedoff,anditsfacadeissupportedwithnewsteelstructure.Theinternalpublicspacewillbethecentreoftheproject. It istheanchorpointtoallthepublicspaces,routesandheritageroute,andsurroundedbygreenbelt, mostly elevated and built along the elevated railwaytrack. It is linked toviewpointswhich together formanearcomplete loop.

50

3.2 PRECEDENT STUDY

PRECEDENT STUDY

Casa Da Musica, Porto

Architectural promenade circling around the auditorium, with differentfunctionsandsmallertheatresalongthepromenade.Mostofthesedifferentfunctionsandsmallertheatreorientthemselvestowardstheauditorium.

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Maxxi, Rome

Themost imposingfeatureofMaxxi is thecurvesandaxes.Theselinesrespondtotheexistingorthogonalsitestructure,producinganotherintriguingreadingofthesite.Tocelebratethese lines,ZahaHadid introduce interestingskylightwhichrunsalongthe line,withfinswhich isasdeepas1.5m,buthousesdifferentlayerofglazing,sunshading,andlouvre.Theideaofcompactingseveralfeatureinsidethefinsisveryholis-tic.Peoplemovementisalsoverycelebratedhere,withbridg-esandwalkways interweaving in themain full storey foyer,leadingtodifferentdestinations.

PRECEDENT STUDY

52PRECEDENT STUDY

Caixa Forum, Madrid

Thiscomplexposesintriguingquestiononhownewstructureisintroducedintheoldfacadeandliftedthefacadeuptoopengroundfloortothepublicspace,andthuscreatingacontinu-ouspublicspacewhichrunsfromoutsidetoinside.

Tate Modern, London

Again,internalpublicspaceiscelebratedhere,withthedown-wardslopeandexpansivegroundfloorpublicspace,withfunc-tionsononeofitsedges‘hanging’outfromthestructure.

Pulse 5, Zurich

Anotheradaptivereuseprojectofformerindustrialbuilding.Here,groundfloorpublicspaceiscontinuousfromoutsidetoinside,withthefacadeactingasthetransitionaryfeature.

53PRECEDENT STUDY

Building Centre, London

Thisbuildingisnotinterestingarchitecturally,butthefactthatitsLondoncityscalemodelislocatedinfrontofthebuildingvisibletooutsidemakesitanattractiontooutsiders.

Bundesplatz, Bern

WaterfeaturelikethisinBerncanbepotentiallybeusedtoreflectandcelebratethebuiltfabriceffectively,anditalsocanbecomeattractionforpeoplewhodon’tmindtogetwetonhotsummerdays.

Copper Square, New York

Thematerialityofpreforatedsteelcladdingusedinthisproj-ectisinterestingasfromfar,itlookslikesolidconcretepan-els,butupcloseitistransparent,andevensowhenatnight.Preforatedmetalmeshcanbeusedtoplaytransparencyandopacity on the facade, as well as providing environmentalbenefitofsunshadingforsouthfacingfacade.

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4.0DESIGNTHESISDEVELOPMENT

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4.1 MASSING MODEL

MASSING MODEL

From thediagramacrosswhich is concluded fromall infor-mationgatheredinsiteanalysis,strategies,pedestriansimu-lationandprogrammeframework, it isquiteobviouswhereto locate the functions.Hence, severalmassingmodels aremade.Shownherearethetwoimportantones.

Gastronomy & Shops

CCBE

CCBE

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56SCHEMATIC DESIGN

Furtherdesignbroughtinmoredetailfeatureswhichexplainallstudiesdone.Ascanbeseenhere,theoverallmasterplandoesn’t changemuch,mainly because of the studies doneandthestrategiesconcludedbecomethemaindriving ideabehindmostdesigndecisions.

Incertaindesignareas,thedecisionsaremadethroughfor-malistic approach of tracing the pedestrianmovement pat-ternderivedinthesimulationearlierontheplan.

57SCHEMATIC DESIGN

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Designwithaddedfacadedetailsandstructureiscarefullyde-signsothatitworksatalllevels.

BelowaremoredevelopedfloorplansGroundfloor,firstfloor(middle),andsecondfloor(farright)

58ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECTONIC STRATEGY

Materialpalleteischosenatveryearlystage,sothatdesignwillrevolvearoundthesemainmaterials.

4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECTONIC STRATEGY

59ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECTONIC STRATEGY