ABDUL BASIT SIPRA

Presented To Our Respected Teacher

SIR. RAZA ALI SHEIKH

Hazrat Umar Ibn Al Khattab

Administration in Islam

Hazrat Umar(RA)’s Administration  22nd of Jamadi-uth-Thani 13 Hijri – 26 Dhul Hijjah 23 Hijri

Challenges

His Own Image

Super Powers (Persian Empire & Byzantine Empire)

Famine

Plague

Basic Principles of Hazrat Umar’s Reign

Self Accountability

No Private Business for GovernmentOfficials

Same LAW for all

Self AccountabilityExamples1.Old Woman2.Hazrat Umar (RA)’s Son

No Private Business for GovernmentOfficials

Same LAW for allExamples1.Hazrat Ayaz Bin Ghanam (RA)2.Amar Bin Aas (RA)’s Son

Important Conquests of Hazrat Umar(RA)’s Reign

Conquest of Damascus

Conquest of Saida, Irqah and Beirut (Lebanon today)

Campaigns in Iraq

The Conquest of 2/3 of Byzantie

The Battle of Qaadisiyah

Conquest of the Persian capital 

Conquest of Jerusalem

The Conquest of Egypt

Comparison with the Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)

Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) Hazrat Umar (RA)

Pact in Jerusalem

o The inhabitants' life, property and churches were given protection

o Islam was not to be forced on them

o The inhabitants were to pay the “Jizya" or poll tax

o The Greeks were to be turned out of the City

Reforms of Hazrat Umar(RA) during his Administration

"Awliat-i-Umar 

Formal Bayt ul Mal

Trading Reforms

Taxes Reforms

Departments

Other Institutions

Agriculture

Provincial Administration

Division into Provinces. The following were, the provinces and their governors in 23 A.H., i.e. near the end of Hadrat Umar's Caliphate.

1. Hijaz with Makkah as its capital; Nafi' bin Abu Harith.2. Syria with Damascus as its capital;Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan.3. Iran with Basrah as its capital; Abu Musa al-Ash'ari.4. Iraq with Kufa as its capital; -Mughirah bin Shu'bah.5. Egypt with Fustat as its capital;Amr bin al-'As.6. Palestine with Jerusalem as its capital; 'Alqamah bin Majaz.7. Jazirah (i.e. Mesopotamia) with Hims (Hems) as its controlling capital; Governor -- 'Umair bin Sa'd.8. The central province of Arabia with Medina as its capital.

Hierarchy of Administration

Caliph

Governor

Wali

STATE

PROVINCE

DISTRICT

Model of AdministrationCaliph

Governor

Wali

Sahib ul AhdathKatib Sahib ul

KharajKatib ud Diwan

Sahib Bait ul Mal Qadi

Katib Chief Secretary.Katib-ud-Diwan Military Secretary.Sahib-ul-Kharaj Revenue Collector.Sahib-ul-Ahdath Police Chief.Sahib-Bait-ul-Mal,   Treasury Officer.Qadi Chief Judge.

Departments

Military Department

Tax Deptartments

Education Department

Police Deparmtment

Financial Department

Military Department

Different Ranks

Cantt Areas

Fixed Salaries

Check Posts (Conquered Cities)

Appointment of Head of Military

Military in Different Cities

Taxes In Hazrat Umar’s Administrtion

Jizya (Indemnity or Defence Tax)Diwan al KharajNon Muslims48 24 12

(Zakat(Poor Tax) Diwan al-Zakah

Khiraj(Land Tax); Diwan al Kharaj

Ushr (Special land Tax);

Taxes In Hazrat Umar’s Administrtion

War Booty –Ghanima (Income from the conquered places)-Diwan al-Jund

Ushoor 10 percent Resident Non Muslim 5 %

ReekazTax on Land Mines and Treasure Troves

Ushoor & Reekaz (Diwan al Bareed & Diwan al Khatm)

Education Department

Schools

Salaries for Teachers

Educational Developments all over the State

Police Department

First one to introduce Police Force

Prison

Fixed Salaries

Financial Department

Ghanima

Bayt ul Maal

Salaries

Collection of revenue

Salaries for Financial Department Employees

Construction Canals

Populated Cities

He was also the first to make use of the whip for corporal punishment and set up a prison.

 He introduced a system of collecting direct information concerning the State.

He established a secret intelligence service. 

He had wells bored, built houses

Fixed a daily payment for the destitute among the Christians and the Jews. 

Develpoments

Introductions

Hijri CalendarFixed Salaries for Men involved in voluntary

serviceCensus system, Measuring of the land and keeping its

record He was first to allow traders of rival

countries to enter Muslim territories for the purpose of business.

Formal Taraweeh Prayers

Departments

Military Department

Tax Deptartments

Education Department

Police Deparmtment

Financial Department

Shurah (Advisory Council)

Higher Advisory Council

General Advisory Council

3rd Advisory CouncilBetween The Higher & General Advisory Council

Departments

Military Department

Tax Deptartments

Education Department

Police Deparmtment

Financial Department

Higher Advisory Council Important Decisions of the State

Permanent MembersHadrat Uthman, Ali, 'Abdur Rahman bin Auf, Mu'adh bin Jabal, Ubayy bin Ka'b, Zaid bin Thabit, Talha and Zubair (Raziallah Anho).

General Advisory CouncilGeneral Matters

Ansar & MuhajireensThe Companions who participated in the battle of Badr were given priority in this "Shura.In this "Shura" were also included the chiefs of various clans and tribes.

Departments

Military Department

Tax Deptartments

Education Department

Police Deparmtment

Financial Department

3rd Advisory Council Ranked between the other two ShurasSome selected Companions among the Muhajirin and AnsarMatter of Special Interest

The Way to call the Shura:

As-Salatu Jami'ah," in the Prophet's Masjid

Summary

"Amongst the nations before your time, there have been inspired people (who were not Prophets), and if there is one amongst my Ummah, he is Umar".

- (Bukhari and Muslim)

Saying of Hazrat Muhammad (SAWW) about Hazrat Umar (RA)