hazard & risk concept
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Hazard and Risk Tim Pengajar Dasar Safety
(FL, DE, YK; 2011)
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Outline
Basic cnce!t
Definitin
Ty!es "ntr#
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$r%
!rcess
&ateria#
'nii*a#
+aar 'ncient-.ccient
/*tcme
"nse*ences
Basic "nce!t
is%
$r% enirnment
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Definition
Hazard: source of potential harm or a situation
with a potential for harm
Risk: Combination of the probability and the
consequence of a specified hazardous event
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Definition Hazards
Hazards
anyt3ing (inc#*ing 4r% !ractices r !rce*res) t3at3as !tentia# t 3arm t3e 3ea#t3 r safety f a !ersn5($r%cer, .*stra#ia)
a s*rce r a sit*atin 4it3 a !tentia# fr 3arm in termsf 3*man inj*ry r i##63ea#t3, amage t !r!erty,amage t t3e enirnment, r a cm7inatin ft3ese5 (.S 8901)
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Definition
hazard re!resents a s*rce f energy 4it3 t3e
potential f ca*sing immeiate inj*ry t !ersnne#
an amage t e*i!ment, enirnment r
str*ct*re
(:im#ng an Trim!!, 'L/ encyc#!eia )
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+aar (7a3aya) aa#a3 sifat6sifat intrinsic ari
s*at* at ata* !rses yang a!at menye7a7%an
%er*sa%an ata* mem7a3aya%an
+a# ini termas*% 7a3an %imia (t%sisitas,
%rsifitas), fisi% (aya #ea%, #istri%, a!at
ter7a%ar), 7i#gis (a!at menginfe%si), an #ain6
#ain Definisi ari 3aar (7a3aya)mengini%asi%an aanya s*at* ancaman, an
hazard 7isa 3air tan!a risi%
Definisi
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<P3ysica#
<"3emica#s<Bi#gica#<&ec3anica#-e#ectrica#<Psyc3#gica#
<Ergnmics
Hazard Types
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<Ke7isingan
<raiasi (!engin, e#e%trmagneti% ata* 7*%an !engin)<+eat stress<"# stress<=i7ratin (getaran)
<Press*re (te%anan)
Physical hazards (bahaya fisik)
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Chemical Hazard
Safety hazard : ammable, explosive,corrosive, reactive.
Health hazard : acute & chronic toxicity,irritant, local eects, mutagen, teratogen,carcinogen.
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<Ba3aya 7i#gi termas*% ir*s, 7a%teri, jam*r an
rganisme #ainnya
<Be7era!a 7a3aya 7i#gi se!erti .'DS ata* +e!atitis Bsecara !tensia# a!at mengancam %e3i*!an
Biological hazards (bahaya biologi)
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<7a3aya ini 7erasa# ari esain %erja, #ay*t ma*!*n
a%tiitas yang 7*r*%<cnt3 ari !ermasa#a3an ergnmi me#i!*ti
man*a# 3an#ing, #ay *t tem!at %erja an esain
!e%erjaan
Ergonomic hazards (bahaya ergonomi)
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<stres, %e%erasan i tem!at %erja, jam %erja yang!anjang, %*rangnya %ntr# a#am mengam7i# %e!*t*san
tentang !e%erjaan sem*anya a!at 7er%ntri7*si
ter3aa! !erfrma %erja yang 7*r*%
Psychological hazards (bahaya sikososial)
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<Sifat6sifat intrinsic ari 7a3aya<Sifat a#amia3 ari !era#atan ata* 4*j* materia# (se!erti
*a!, mist, cair, e7*)<+*7*ngan !ajanan6efe% (e>!s*re6effect re#atins3i!)< .#iran-ja#*r 7a3aya ari !rses %e inii*<Knisi an fre%*ensi !engg*naannya< .s!e% !eri#a%* !e%erja yang mem!engar*3i !ajanan
7a3aya<&e%anisme a%sinya
!omonen yang terkandung dalam bahaya
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aa#a3 #i%e#i3 (%em*ng%inan) 7a34a 7a3aya an ceera
%arena s*at* 3aar a%an terjai !aa inii* tertent*
ata* %e#m!% inii* yang ter!ajan 7a3aya ?%*ran ari
risi% tergant*ng !aa se7era!a m*ng%in (34 #i%e#y)
3aar terse7*t mem7a3aya%an an 7esarannya
(magnit*e)
Risiko (risk)
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aa#a3 (t3e !r7a7i#ity f a s!ecific aerse effect t
cc*r) @ isi% aa#a3 !r7a7i#itas-%em*ng%inan aris*at* efe% 7*r*% tertent* *nt*% terjai
(+#m7erg, et a#, ) A 'L/ Encyc#!eia
Definisi lain dari risiko
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Other definition in many languages
c3ance, !!rt*nity5
wej-ji in "3inese
Risiko in erman risico in D*tc3 C 'ta#ian
risque in Frenc3
ree% 4r rhiza, rt an-r c#iff5
.ra7ic 4r rizq meaning 43at an fate
!rie fr y*r #ife5)
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cnce!t a#4ays re#ate t ris% is t3at f *ncertainty
Risk concet
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< =ariasi inii* a#am s*sce!ti7i#ity (%erentanan)< 7anya%nya rang yang ter!ajan< fre%*ensi !ajanan< erajat risi% inii*< %em*ng%inan *nt*% meng3i#ang%an-mengganti engan
at-!rses yang #e7i3 %*rang 7er7a3aya< %em*ng%inan *nt*% menca!ai #ee# yang aman< tangg*ng ja4a7 financia# ari s*at* 7a3aya (t3e financia#
#ia7i#ity f 3aar)< !ini !*7#i% an te%anan %e#m!%< tangg*ng ja4a7 ssia#
!omonen yang terkandung dalamrisiko
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is% " (3arm-inj*ry) > !r7a7i#ity f inj*ry
" (+arm-inj*ry) +aar > E>!s*re
E>!s*re "ncentratin > D*ratin
is% (+aar > "ncentratin > D*ratin) > Pr7a7i#ity f 'nj*ry
Risk formulation
is% "nse*ence > Pr7a7i#ity
f" P
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Individual Hazard(s)
Incident!ccident
"ffects on the
Individual
Deat3Disease
'nj*ry
Disa7i#ity
"ffects on the
#orkplace
B*i#ing amageE*i!ment
amage
Lss
"ffects on the
"nvironment
Pr!erty amageLss f res*rces
Degraatin
P##*tin
$utcome(s)
Interaksi antara bahaya, risiko danindividu
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Hazards classification at "ork and riskassociated
%hysical
Chemical
&iolo'ical
"r'onomics
%sychosocial
Risk Consequences
ise ise 'n*ce 3earing Lss
"arcingen "ancer
&icrrganism 'nfectins
&an*a# 3an#ing Bac% !ain
Stress e*ce 4r% !erfrmance
Hazard
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/!!rt*nity t cntr# t3e ris%
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EL'&'.S'
S?BST'T?S'
PE E'EE'
&''&'S.S'
PE .D&''ST.T'F
T.''-S?PE='S'
.PD
Hirarki engendalian bahaya
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!!R% %rinciple
(!s ow !s Reasonably %racticable
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Hazard #dentification
+aar ientificatin@ !rcess f recgniingt3at a 3aar e>ists an efining its
c3aracteristics
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$echni%ues for Hazard #dentification
Cate'ory @ "m!aratie &et3s@ Prcess r System "3ec%#ist Safety .*it eie4 e#atie an%ing (D4 an &n +aar 'nices) Pre#iminary +aar .na#ysis
Cate'ory *@ F*namenta# &et3s@ +aar /!era7i#ity St*ies (+.:/P) $3at 'f5 .na#ysis Fai#*re &e an Effect .na#ysis (F&E.)
Cate'ory +@ Lgic Diagrams &et3s@ Fa*#t Tree .na#ysis Eent Tree .na#ysis