Hazard RequirementsHazard Requirementsfrom the Perspective of thefrom the Perspective of the

Disaster Management Disaster Management Support GroupSupport Group

Levin Lauritson, NOAA, USALevin Lauritson, NOAA, USA

CE S

DisasterDisasterManagementManagementSupportSupportGroupGroup

Objective: To support Objective: To support natural and technological natural and technological disaster management on a disaster management on a worldwide basis, by fostering worldwide basis, by fostering improved utilization of improved utilization of existing and planned Earth existing and planned Earth observation satellite dataobservation satellite data

HazardHazardTeam Team CoordinatoCoordinatorsrs

Earthquake ESA, NPA/UKFireFire USDA, UNEP, USDA, UNEP, CFS/CanadaCFS/CanadaFloodFlood CCRS, NOAACCRS, NOAALandslide CCRS, NIEDOil spill NRSC/UKIce Ice NIC/USA, CIS/CanadaNIC/USA, CIS/CanadaVolcanic hazardsVolcanic hazards NOAA,USGS,NOAA,USGS,

U. of Reading/UKU. of Reading/UK

User Level Disaster Management Category Activity StatusInternational Mitigation ResearchRegional Preparedness (Warning) DemonstrationNational Relief/Recovery OperationalStateLocalOther

User ServicesData and ProductsObservations

Dimensions of Disaster Management

http://disaster.ceos.org

FireFireFuels MappingRisk Assessment

DetectionMonitoring(System)

MappingBurned Area RecoverySmoke ManagementBiomass Burning

Detection (within) 5 minutesRepeat time 15 minutesSpatial resolution 250 metersFalse alarm rate (max.) 5%Fire intensity

Real time transmission to local groundstations or information networks

FloodFloodRiver FloodsCoastal Floods (Tsunamis)Urban Floods

Flash Flood(Excessive Rainfall)Ice Jams

FLASH FLOODData Resolution Requirements GOES and POES Threshold OptimumCHANNELS Space Time Space TimeVIS 1 km 1 hr 1 km 5 min3.9 micron 4 km 1 hr 1 km 5 min6.7 micron 8 km 1 hr 1 km 5 min10.7 micron 4 km 1 hr 1 km 5 min12.0 micron 4 km 1 hr 1 km 5 min85.5 GHz 15 x 13 km 12 hr 10 x 10 km15 min37.0 GHz 37 x 28 km 12 hr 10 x 10 km15 min22.2 GHz 50 x 40 km 12 hr 10 x 10 km15 min19.3 GHz 69 x 43 km 12 hr 10 x 10 km15 min Product Resolution Requirements Products Threshold Optimum Space Time Space TimePrecipitation: 50km 3 hour 1km 5 minSoil Wetness Index: 50km daily 10km 4 times/dayComposited PW 50km 2 times/day 10km hourly

Spatial and Temporal RequirementsFor Non-Flash Flood

Spatial Resolution Image delivery timeApplication (Threshold/Optimum) Image refresh rate

Infrastructure statusLand useVegetation

Soil MoistureSnow PackDEM pre- & post-floodFlood development 30m/5m hours-days (function ofFlood peak drainage basin)

Damage assessmentBathymetry pre- andpost-flood

GOES used by several national ice servicesto monitor ice in lower latitude seas and lakes Lower latitudes do not suffer frompersistent illumination problems

Spatial resolutions of 1 km (VIS) and 4 km (IR)insufficient for detailed ice mapping Requirement Threshold OptimumIce Edge 750m, daily 100m, 6 hourlyDetection, 100m, dailyfor avoidance

IceIceIcebergs, Sea Ice, Icebergs, Sea Ice, Lake IceLake Ice

Volcanic HazardVolcanic HazardVolcanic Ash and Sulfur Dioxide Cloud

Proximal Hazards

- Lava flow - Other flows - Toxic gases - Ash debris

Common elements

- GOES VIS, IR, UV channels - 12 micron channel

- Rapid detection of eruption is currently inadequate - Similar hot spot requirements as fire community

Spatial Temporal Phenomenon Data Threshold Optimum Threshold Optimum

Ash cloud IR 5 km 1 km 30 min 5 minVisible 1 km .5 km 30 min 5 minSounder 10 km 2 km 30 min 5 min

SO2 Cloud UV 20 km 10 km 2 hr 5 min

Thermal Anomaly * IR 1 km 30 m - Persistent 2 hr 5 min - Transient 30 sec 10 sec

* Thermal anomaly verified with false alarm ratio <5%

Volcanic Ash/SO2 GOES Observation Requirements

Volcanic HazardsGOES Channel Requirements

Dual Long Wave Thermal IR 11-12 micron

Dual Short Wave Thermal IR 2 - 4 micron

SO2 Ash Absorption 8.5 micron

Ultra Violet .3 - .4 micron

Common ThemesCommon ThemesIntegrated Systems - GOES, Polar - Operational and research satellites - Various spatial resolutions - Various refresh rates - In-Situ

Requirements process should address integrated approach

Rapid response coupled with higher spatial resolutionReal time access

Smooth the path from research to operations