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Growth parameter, mortality, recruitment pattern, and exploitation rate of white shrimp Penaeus indicus in northern coastal waters of Western Central Java, Indonesia 5 orangpenulis anggota a. Nama Jurnal Jumal Biodiversitas b. omor ISSN 2085-4722 c. Volume, nomor, bulan tahun May 2019 Vol 20(5):1318-1324 d. Penerbit Department of Biology, Faculty of

Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta e. DOI artikel Gika ada)

https://doi .org/10.13057 /biodiv/d2005 l l f. Alamat web jumal

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Growth parameter, mortality, recruitment pattern, and exploitation rate ofwhite shrimp penaeus indicus in Northern Coastal waters of Western centralJava, Indonesia (Article) (Open Access)

, , , ,

Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedarto,SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java 50275, Indonesia

AbstractThe aims of this study were to know the growth parameters, first lenght captured (Lc), mortality, recruitment pattern,and the exploitation rate of white shrimp (Penaeus indicus H.Milne Edwards, 1837) in the Western Coastal NorthCentral Java Sea, Indonesia. Samples were collected from May 2016 to July 2017 using survey method and directobservations on fishing unit areas. The results showed that the relationship of the carapace length and weight isallometric. Based on the estimates of von Bertalanffy growth equation to the carapace length, the growth parametersof CL and K values in male were 37 mm and 0.97, while in female were 38.5 mm and 0.85. While, the rates of totalmortality (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) were 3.5, 1.67, and 1.84 for males, and 5.03, 1.51, and3.52 for females, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) of male shrimp was 0.52 and of female was 0.7 indicating thatfemale shrimp get higher capture pressure than the males. It also showed that the rate of exploitation has to exceedthe optimum sustainable yield (E>0.5). Time recruitment occurred throughout the year, with two peak seasons, i.e., inApril-June and September-November. Moreover, the length of the carapace during recruitment was 15-20 mm. Whilethe carapace length of the first caught (CL ) was 18.3 mm for male and 17.6 mm for female indicating that the P.indicus caught was still in the small size, as well as below the first mature gonad (CLm50 = 22-39 mm). This is becausethe mesh size of cod-end is 0.75 inches or about 2 cm. © 2019, Society for Indonesian Biodiversity. All rightsreserved.

SciVal Topic Prominence

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Prominence percentile: 78.853

Author keywordsGrowth parameter Mortality rate North coast of central java Recruitment pattern White shrimp

Funding details

Funding sponsor Funding number Acronym

Universitas Diponegoro SP DIPA-042.01.2.400898/ 2016

Funding textThe authors are grateful to Research Institutions and Community Service, Diponegoro University for providingfinancial support scheme No: SP DIPA-042.01.2.400898/ 2016 and No. DIPA-278-21/UN7.5.1/PG/2017.

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ISSN: 1412033XSource Type: JournalOriginal language: English

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Safaie, M.

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Mosha, E.J. Gallardo, W.G.

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The presence of microplastics in the digestive tract of commercial �shesoff Pantai Indah Kapuk coast, Jakarta, Indonesia(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3827)AYU RAMADHINI HASTUTI, DJAMAR TF LUMBANBATU, YUSLI WARDIATNO

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Correlation among Snpb11 markers, root growth, and physiologicalcharacters of upland rice under aluminum stress(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3824)MIFTAHUL HUDA FENDIYANTO, RIZKY DWI SATRIO, SUHARSONO SUHARSONO, ARIS

TJAHJOLEKSONO, M MIFTAHUDIN

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Agronomical performance of soybean genotypes infected by Cowpea

7/24/2019 Vol 20 No 5 (2019) | Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

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Mild Mottle Virus in various level of nitrogen(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3647)ENDRIK NURROHMAN, SITI ZUBAIDAH, HERU KUSWANTORO

PDF (https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3647/3185)

Ethnobotany of traditional medicinal plants used by Dayak DesaCommunity in Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3505)MARKUS IYUS SUPIANDI, SUSRIYATI MAHANAL, SITI ZUBAIDAH, HENDRIKUS JULUNG,

BENEDIKTUS EGE

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Diversity of phenotypic characteristics of White Tailed-Yellow Chickenpopulations reared under free range system in Phitsanulok Province,Thailand (https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3624)SUPHAWADEE YAEMKONG, TUAN NGUYEN NGOC

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Diversity of mammals in forest patches of Cisokan, Cianjur, West Java,Indonesia (https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3858)TEGUH HUSODO, PUPUT FEBRIANTO, ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA, SYA SYA SHANIDA,

MUHAMMAD PAHLA PUJIANTO

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Effect of phytoremediation on the morpho-anatomical characters of someaquatic macrophytes (https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3298)JONES T NAPALDET, INOCENCIO Jr E BUOT, MACRINA T ZAFARALLA, IRENEO Jr. L LIT,

RACHEL C SOTTO

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Potential of endophytic bacteria from rice root as potassium solvent(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3652)WARZATULLISNA WARZATULLISNA, LENNI FITRI, YULIA SARI ISMAIL

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Bioprospecting of polyhydroxyalkanoates-producing bacteria fromIndonesian marine environment(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3833)WATUMESA A TAN, IRA WIJAYA, TRESNAWATI PURWADARIA

7/24/2019 Vol 20 No 5 (2019) | Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

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Hobby and business on trading birds: Case study in bird market ofSukahaji, Bandung, West Java and Splendid, Malang, East Java (Indonesia)(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3869)BUDIAWATI S ISKANDAR, JOHAN ISKANDAR, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA

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Short Communication: Identi�cation and characterization of nitrifyingbacteria in mud crab (Scylla serrata) recirculation aquaculture system by16S rRNA sequencing (https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/2882)YUNI PUJI HASTUTI, IMAN RUSMANA, KUKUH NIRMALA, RIDWAN AFFANDI, SISKA

TRIDESIANTI

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Mass production of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernemacarpocapsae on Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3171)HERI PRABOWO, SRI ADIKADARSIH, JANIS DAMAIYANI

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Short Communication: Antagonistic activity of bacteria isolated fromcoral Acropora sp of Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia against AcroporidWhite Syndrome (https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3509)AGUS SABDONO, AGUS TRIANTO, OCKY KARNA RADJASA, DIAH PERMATA WIJAYANTI

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Study of the genus Curcuma in Indonesia used as traditional herbalmedicines (https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3608)DYAH SUBOSITI, SLAMET WAHYONO

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7/24/2019 Vol 20 No 5 (2019) | Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

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Niche partitioning on Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus)and human in space and resources in Riau, Indonesia(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3637)YOHANES WISNU SUKMANTORO, HADI SUKADI ALIKODRA, AGUS PRIJONO KARTONO,

EFRANSJAH EFRANSJAH

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NUR MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM, FATIMAH FATIMAH, TRI NURHARIYATI, TINI

SURTININGSIH, HANIF YULIANI

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Isolation of high lipids content microalgae from Wonorejo rivers,Surabaya, Indonesia and its identi�cation using rbcL marker gene(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3718)TRIONO BAGUS SAPUTRO, KRISTANTI INDAH PURWANI, DINI ERMAVITALINI, ARIF

FUAD SAIFULLAH

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Chromosome numbers, RAPD and ISSR pro�les of six Zingiber speciesfound in Manipur, India (https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3815)LAISHRAM BIDYALEIMA, RAJKUMAR KISHOR, GURUMAYUM JITENDRA SHARMA

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BENBELKACEM

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Indigenous knowledge of bamboos by Naga community, TasikmalayaDistrict, West Java, Indonesia (https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3717)BUDI IRAWAN, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA, NGESTI RAHAYU, TIA SETIAWATI, JOHAN

ISKANDAR

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GUSNIA

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Short communication: Morphological characteristics of �ower and fruit inseveral rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) cultivars in Serang City,Banten, Indonesia (https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3857)GUT WINDARSIH, MUHAMMAD EFENDI

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SUTARININGSIH SOETARTO

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Latitudinal species diversity and density of cryptic crustacean (Brachyura

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and Anomura) in micro-habitat Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structuresacross Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3832)GESTEN HAZERI, DWI LISTYO RAHAYU, BEGINER SUBHAN, ANDRIANUS SEMBIRING, AJI

WAHYU ANGGORO, AHMAD TAUFIK GHOZALI, HAWIS H MADDUPPA

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Land cover change and land use suitability analyses of coastal area inBantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia(https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3347)SARAH AFSHOLNISSA, ENDANG HERNAWAN, TIEN LASTINI

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Using the modern morphometric approach to determine sexualdimorphism of three medically important �ies (Order: Diptera) inThailand (https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/3695)TANAWAT CHAIPHONGPACHARA, SEDTHAPONG LAOJUN

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J o u r n a l o f B i o l o g i c a l D i v e r s i t y V o l u m e 2 0 – N u m b e r 5 – M a y 2 0 1 9

ISSN/E-ISSN: 1412-033X (printed edition), 2085-4722 (electronic)

EDITORIAL BOARD (COMMUNICATING EDITORS): Abdel Fattah N.A. Rabou (Palestine), Agnieszka B. Najda (Poland), Alan J. Lymbery (Australia), Alireza Ghanadi (Iran), Ankur

Patwardhan (India), Bambang H. Saharjo (Indonesia), Daiane H. Nunes (Brazil), Darlina Md. Naim (Malaysia), Ghulam Hassan Dar

(India), Faiza Abbasi (India), Hassan Pourbabaei (Iran), I Made Sudiana (Indonesia), Ivan Zambrana-Flores (United Kingdom), Joko R.

Witono (Indonesia), Katsuhiko Kondo (Japan), Krishna Raj (India), Livia Wanntorp (Sweden), M. Jayakara Bhandary (India), Mahdi

Reyahi-Khoram (Iran), Mahendra K. Rai (India), Mahesh K. Adhikari (Nepal), Maria Panitsa (Greece), Muhammad Akram (Pakistan),

Mochamad A. Soendjoto (Indonesia), Mohib Shah (Pakistan), Mohamed M.M. Najim (Srilanka), Morteza Eighani (Iran), Pawan K.

Bharti (India), Paul K. Mbugua (Kenya), Rasool B. Tareen (Pakistan), Seweta Srivastava (India), Seyed Aliakbar Hedayati (Iran),

Shahabuddin (Indonesia), Shahir Shamsir (Malaysia), Shri Kant Tripathi (India), Stavros Lalas (Greece), Subhash Santra (India),

Sugiyarto (Indonesia), T.N. Prakash Kammardi (India)

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: S u t a r n o

EDITORIAL MEMBERS:

English Editors: Graham Eagleton (grahameagleton@gmail.com), Suranto (surantouns@gmail.com); Technical Editor: Solichatun

(solichatun_s@yahoo.com), Artini Pangastuti (pangastuti_tutut@yahoo.co.id); Distribution & Marketing: Rita Rakhmawati

(oktia@yahoo.com); Webmaster: Ari Pitoyo (aripitoyo@yahoo.com)

MANAGING EDITORS: Ahmad Dwi Setyawan (unsjournals@gmail.com)

PUBLISHER:

The Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

CO-PUBLISHER: Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta

ADDRESS: Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126. Tel. +62-271-7994097, Tel. & Fax.: +62-271-663375, Email: unsjournals@yahoo.com

ONLINE: biodiversitas.mipa.uns.ac.id

EXPERTISE AND CORRESPONDING EMAIL OF THE COMMUNICATING EDITORS: GENETIC DIVERSITY: Agnieszka B. Najda (agnieszka.najda@up.lublin.pl), Alan J. Lymbery (a.lymbery@murdoch.edu.au),

Darlina Md. Naim (darlinamdn@usm.my), Mahendra K. Rai (pmkrai@hotmail.com).

SPECIES DIVERSITY: Joko R. Witono (jrwitono@yahoo.com), Katsuhiko Kondo (k3kondo@nodai.ac.jp), Livia Wanntorp

(livia.wanntorp@nrm.se), Mahesh K. Adhikari (mkg_adh@wlink.com.np), Maria Panitsa (mpanitsa@upatras.gr), Mohib Shah (mohibshah@awkum.edu.pk), Paul K. Mbugua (paulkmbugua@gmail.com), Rasool B. Tareen (rbtareen@yahoo.com).

ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY: Abdel Fattah N.A. Rabou (arabou@iugaza.edu), Alireza Ghanadi (aghannadi@yahoo.com), Ankur

Patwardhan (ankurpatwardhan@gmail.com), Bambang H. Saharjo (bhsaharjo@gmail.com), Daiane H. Nunes (nunesdaiane@gmail.com), Faiza Abbasi (faeza.abbasi@gmail.com), Ghulam Hassan Dar (profdar99@gmail.com), Hassan Pourbabaei

(hassan_pourbabaei@yahoo.com), I Made Sudiana (sudianai@yahoo.com), Ivan Zambrana-Flores (izambrana@gmail.com), Krishna Raj (krishnarajisec@yahoo.co.uk), Mahdi Reyahi-Khoram (phdmrk@gmail.com), Mochamad A. Soendjoto (masoendjoto@gmail.com),

Mohamed M.M. Najim (mnajim@kln.ac.lk), Morteza Eighani (morteza_eighani@yahoo.com), Pawan K. Bharti (gurupawanbharti@rediffmail.com), Seweta Srivastava (seweta.21896@lpu.co.in), Seyed Aliakbar Hedayati (Hedayati@gau.ac.ir),

Shahabuddin (shahabsaleh@gmail.com), Shahir Shamsir (shahirshamsir@gmail.com), Shri Kant Tripathi (sk_tripathi@rediffmail.com), Stavros Lalas (slalas@teilar.gr), Subhash Santra (scsantra@yahoo.com), Sugiyarto (sugiyarto_ys@yahoo.com), T.N.Prakash Kammardi

(prakashtnk@yahoo.com). ETHNOBIOLOGY: M. Jayakara Bhandary (mbjaikar@gmail.com), Muhammad Akram (makram_0451@hotmail.com).

Society for Indonesia Biodiversity

Sebelas Maret University Surakarta

Published by Smujo International for Society For Indonesia Biodiversity and Sebelas Maret University Surakarta

GUIDANCE FOR AUTHORS

Aims and Scope Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological Diversity or abbreviated as Biodiversitas encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all

biodiversity aspects of plants, animals and microbes at the level of the gene,

species, and ecosystem as well as ethnobiology. Article types The journal seeks original full-length research papers, reviews,

and short communication. Manuscript of original research should be written in

no more than 8,000 words (including tables and picture), or proportional with articles in this publication number. Review articles will be accommodated, while,

short communication should be written at least 2,000 words, except for pre-study.

Submission The journal only accepts online submission, through open journal system (https://smujo.id/biodiv/about/submissions) or email to the

editors at unsjournals@gmail.com. Submitted manuscripts should be the

original works of the author(s). The manuscript must be accompanied by a cover letter containing the article title, the first name and last name of all the

authors, a paragraph describing the claimed novelty of the findings versus

current knowledge. Submission of a manuscript implies that the submitted work has not been published before (except as part of a thesis or report, or

abstract); and is not being considered for publication elsewhere. When a

manuscript written by a group, all authors should read and approve the final version of the submitted manuscript and its revision; and agree the submission

of manuscripts for this journal. All authors should have made substantial

contributions to the concept and design of the research, acquisition of the data and its analysis; drafting of the manuscript and correcting of the revision. All

authors must be responsible for the quality, accuracy, and ethics of the work.

Ethics Author(s) must obedient to the law and/or ethics in treating the object of research and pay attention to the legality of material sources and

intellectual property rights.

Copyright If and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the author(s) still hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without

restrictions. Authors or others are allowed to multiply article as long as not for

commercial purposes. For the new invention, authors are suggested to manage its patent before published.

Open access The journal is committed to free-open access that does not

charge readers or their institutions for access. Readers are entitled to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, as

long as not for commercial purposes. The license type is CC-BY-NC-SA.

Acceptance The only articles written in English (U.S. English) are accepted for publication. Manuscripts will be reviewed by editors and invited

reviewers(double blind review) according to their disciplines. Authors will

generally be notified of acceptance, rejection, or need for revision within 1 to 2 months of receipt. The manuscript is rejected if the content does not in line

with the journal scope, does not meet the standard quality, inappropriate format,

complicated grammar, dishonesty (i.e. plagiarism, duplicate publications, fabrication of data, citations manipulation, etc.), or ignoring correspondence in

three months. The primary criteria for publication are scientific quality and

biodiversity significance. Uncorrected proofs will be sent to the corresponding author by email as .doc or .docx files for checking and correcting of typographical

errors. To avoid delay in publication, corrected proofs should be returned in 7

days. The accepted papers will be published online in a chronological order at any time, but printed in the early of each month (12 times).

A charge Starting on January 1, 2017, publishing costs waiver is granted to foreign (non-Indonesian) authors who first publish the manuscript in this

journal, especially for graduate students from developing countries. However,

other authors are charged USD 250 (IDR 3,500,000). Additional charges may be billed for language editing, USD 75-150 (IDR 1,000,000-2,000,000).

Reprints The sample journal reprint is only available by special request.

Additional copies may be purchased when ordering by sending back the

uncorrected proofs by email.

Manuscript preparation Manuscript is typed on A4 (210x297 mm2)

paper size, in a single column, single space, 10-point (10 pt) Times New Roman font. The margin text is 3 cm from the top, 2 cm from the bottom, and

1.8 cm from the left and right. Smaller lettering size can be applied in

presenting table and figure (9 pt). Word processing program or additional software can be used, however, it must be PC compatible and Microsoft Word

based (.doc or .rtf; not .docx). Scientific names of species (incl. subspecies,

variety, etc.) should be written in italic, except for italic sentence. Scientific name (genera, species, author), and cultivar or strain should be mentioned

completely for the first time mentioning it in the body text, especially for

taxonomic manuscripts. Name of genera can be shortened after first mentioning, except generating confusion. Name of the author can be

eliminated after first mentioning. For example, Rhizopus oryzae L. UICC 524,

hereinafter can be written as R. oryzae UICC 524. Using trivial name should be avoided, otherwise generating confusion. Biochemical and chemical

nomenclature should follow the order of the IUPAC - IUB. For DNA

sequence, it is better used Courier New font. Symbols of standard chemical

and abbreviation of chemistry name can be applied for common and clear

used, for example, completely written butilic hydroxyl toluene (BHT) to be

BHT hereinafter. Metric measurement use IS denomination, usage other system should follow the value of equivalent with the denomination of IS first

mentioning. Abbreviations set of, like g, mg, mL, etc. do not follow by dot.

Minus index (m-2, L-1, h-1) suggested to be used, except in things like "per-plant" or "per-plot". Equation of mathematics does not always can be written

down in one column with text, in that case can be written separately. Number one to ten are expressed with words, except if it relates to measurement, while

values above them written in number, except in early sentence. The fraction

should be expressed in decimal. In the text, it should be used "%" rather than "percent". Avoid expressing ideas with complicated sentence and verbiage,

and used efficient and effective sentence.

Title of the article should be written in compact, clear, and informative sentence, preferably not more than 20 words. Name of author(s) should be

completely written. Name and institution address should also be completely

written with street name and number (location), postal code, telephone number, facsimile number, and email address. Manuscript written by a group, author for

correspondence along with address is required. First page of the manuscript is

used for writing above information. Abstract should not be more than 200 words. Keywords is about five

words, covering scientific and local name (if any), research theme, and special

methods which used; and sorted from A to Z. All important abbreviations must be defined at their first mention. Running title is about five words.

Introduction is about 400-600 words, covering the background and aims of

the research. Materials and Methods should emphasize on the procedures and data analysis. Results and Discussion should be written as a series of

connecting sentences, however, for manuscript with long discussion should be

divided into subtitles. Thorough discussion represents the causal effect mainly explains for why and how the results of the research were taken place, and do

not only re-express the mentioned results in the form of sentences.

Concluding sentence should be given at the end of the discussion. Acknowledgments are expressed in a brief; all sources of institutional, private

and corporate financial support for the work must be fully acknowledged, and

any potential conflicts of interest are noted. Figures and Tables of maximum of three pages should be clearly

presented. Title of a picture is written down below the picture, while title of a

table is written above the table. Colored figures can only be accepted if the information in the manuscript can lose without those images; chart is preferred

to use black and white images. Author could consign any picture or photo for

the front cover, although it does not print in the manuscript. All images property of others should be mentioned source. There is no appendix, all data

or data analysis are incorporated into Results and Discussions. For broad data,

it can be displayed on the website as a supplement. References Author-year citations are required. In the text give the authors

name followed by the year of publication and arrange from oldest to newest

and from A to Z. In citing an article written by two authors, both of them should be mentioned, however, for three and more authors only the first author

is mentioned followed by et al., for example: Saharjo and Nurhayati (2006) or

(Boonkerd 2003a, b, c; Sugiyarto 2004; El-Bana and Nijs 2005; Balagadde et al. 2008; Webb et al. 2008). Extent citation as shown with word "cit" should

be avoided. Reference to unpublished data and personal communication

should not appear in the list but should be cited in the text only (e.g., Rifai MA 2007, pers. com. (personal communication); Setyawan AD 2007, unpublished

data). In the reference list, the references should be listed in an alphabetical

order (better, if only 20 for research papers). Names of journals should be abbreviated. Always use the standard abbreviation of a journal's name

according to the ISSN List of Title Word Abbreviations (www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php). The following examples are for guidance.

Journal:

Saharjo BH, Nurhayati AD. 2006. Domination and composition structure change at hemic peat natural regeneration following burning; a case study

in Pelalawan, Riau Province. Biodiversitas 7: 154-158.

Book:

Rai MK, Carpinella C. 2006. Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds.

Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Chapter in book:

Webb CO, Cannon CH, Davies SJ. 2008. Ecological organization,

biogeography, and the phylogenetic structure of rainforest tree

communities. In: Carson W, Schnitzer S (eds) Tropical Forest Community Ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, New York.

Abstract:

Assaeed AM. 2007. Seed production and dispersal of Rhazya stricta. 50th annual symposium of the International Association for Vegetation

Science, Swansea, UK, 23-27 July 2007.

Proceeding:

Alikodra HS. 2000. Biodiversity for development of local autonomous

government. In: Setyawan AD, Sutarno (eds.) Toward Mount Lawu

National Park; Proceeding of National Seminary and Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation to Protect and Save Germplasm in Java Island.

Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 17-20 July 2000. [Indonesian]

Thesis, Dissertation:

Sugiyarto. 2004. Soil Macro-invertebrates Diversity and Inter-Cropping Plants

Productivity in Agroforestry System based on Sengon. [Dissertation].

Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. [Indonesian] Information from internet:

Balagadde FK, Song H, Ozaki J, Collins CH, Barnet M, Arnold FH, Quake

SR, You L. 2008. A synthetic Escherichia coli predator-prey ecosystem. Mol Syst Biol 4: 187. www.molecularsystemsbiology.com

Front cover: Rain forest (PHOTO: N.A. PUTERA)

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