harvard project physics course

31
ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ Δ. ΣΚΟΡΔΟΥΛΗΣ ΤΟ HARVARD PROJECT PHYSICS COURSE ΚΑΙ Η ΣΥΜΒΟΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΦΥΣΙΚΗΣ ΣΤΗ ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΦΥΣΙΚΗΣ Το θεωρητικό τοπίο στη Διδασκαλία των Φυσικών Επιστημών κυριαρχείται από την αντιπαράθεση δυο αντιτιθέμενων παραδειγμάτων: Αυτό του «επoικοδομητισμού» (είτε στη ριζοσπαστική είτε στη κοινωνική μορφή του) και αυτό του «αντικειμενισμού». Το μεν πρώτο οδηγεί σε μια «μαθητοκεντρική» διδασκαλία και το δεύτερο σε μια μετωπικού τύπου διδασκαλία. Στο κεφάλαιο αυτό που ακολουθεί, εξετάζουμε τις προϋποθέσεις για την υιοθέτηση ενός διαφορετικού διδακτικού παραδείγματος το οποίο, όπως πιστεύουμε, αποφεύγει τους σκοπέλους του σχετικισμού, που υποκρύπτει η μαθητοκεντρική διδασκαλία, και του ακραίου αντικειμενισμού της μετωπικής διδασκαλίας: αυτού της Διδασκαλίας της Φυσικής με βάση την Ιστορία και τη Φιλοσοφία. Το Παράδειγμα αυτό δεν είναι τόσο νέο αφού η βασική του ιδέα ανιχνεύεται ήδη από τα τέλη του 19 ου αιώνα πήρε όμως την πρώτη διδακτική μορφοποίηση του τη δεκαετία του ‘60. Η Διδασκαλία της Φυσικής με βάση την Ιστορία και τη Φιλοσοφία της Φυσικής αποτελεί τη βάση μιας ανθρωπιστικής, αντιαυταρχικής και δημοκρατικής εκπαίδευσης. Η Ιστορία της Φυσικής, της Επιστήμης 1 1

Upload: georgec0

Post on 29-Sep-2015

21 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

DESCRIPTION

a

TRANSCRIPT

.

HARVARD PROJECT PHYSICS COURSE

: o ( ) . .

, , , , , : . 19 60.

, . , , STS (--) , .

.

;

: .

, ( ), , . - .

, , .

, .

( new age) (. ).

Ernst Mach, , , Zeitschrift fur den Physicalischen und Chemischen Unterricht Science of Mechanics (1883) : . 1917 British Association for the Advancement of Science-(BAAS) .

50 - 60 . , National Science Foundation PSSC . PSSC .

1947, James B. Connant, Harvard University On Understanding Science: An Historical Approach. 1950, I. Bernard Cohen, Harvard, . A Sense of History in Science , .

James B. Connant 1957 Harvard Case Histories in Experimental Science .

60, PSSC MIT, Harvard Project Physics Course HPPC . : G. Holton, S. Brush, F. Watson J. Rutherford Project 2061 American Association for the Advancement of Science.

. PSSC . HPPC .

, PSSC, , National Science Foundation, , PSSC. .

.

1963, , .

. 2.5 , 1.5 . 2 .

, . , , . . , ;

, , , , , , . , .

, . G. Holton C PSSC. , ....

, .... . . , . , .

C , '' , . , . .

, .

Physics Teacher 1967, C . , .

S. Brush, The Role of History in the Teaching of Physics, 1969 The Physics Teacher, : , . '' . ''. '' , '' , .

'' . ' , . -, , , .

, , .

:

1)

2) -

3)

:

1) C . , , .

, . . Brush : , , . . .

. , , . , .

, . .

'60 , . , , .

2) , . . : . - ; , . - . , '' .

J. B. Conant courses , , . Conant .

O R. B. Lindsay Conant , .

Brush , .

O F. S. Allen, , 1950 . , . Allen , .

Brush Allen course course : , . , , .

Klopfer (History of Science Cases) HC.

3) Pannel on the Preparation of Physics Teacher () of the Commission on College Physics : . . . . .

, . , , .

, , . , . . '' - - .

. . . . , .

. , . C . . . . . .

1967-68, 100 5000 . C, 1968. 1968 -70 C C.

C , . . , AIP Pre-College Physics Project, , . , , , .

HPPC , , .

, , , , , , . , . PP, , . , , , .

PPC . , .

. he Project Physics Course (1970), C . C, . , . , .

C , , . , , .

C , :

,

.

C , .

C, :

1. , .

2. , . , , .

3. , , .

4. , .

5. .

5 HPPC, 15% . 1967 .

, C ; ;. C :

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. .

, , , , , , .

, Holton, Rutherford, Watson, . , . , . , . , , . , . . , , .

, - , . , , , , . , , . , . , . , , . , .

70 . 1970 S. G. Brush A. L. King : .

. , Martin Klein, , -. - .

T.S. Kuhn

70 T. Kuhn.

Harvard Case Histories in Experimental Science T. Kuhn. T. Kuhn : Connant .

1977 T. Kuhn The Essential Tension. T. Kuhn : , . , . .

Kuhn, . . . .

Whitaker. . - .

, 1974 S. Brush . 1975 NSF PSSC, 70 .

, , Kuhn .

:

Kuhn Connant. Connant, Kuhn, , 2 . 50, , . Connant, , , . Kuhn Connant.

. , , Big Science, TechnoScience (: ). Kuhn.

1983, British Association for Science Education : Science in the Social Context. , , , ', ' (Science, Technology and Society - STS), ' ' (Science as Culture) (Science for ll).

(Science, Technology and Society - STS), . .

. Nationa1 Science Curriculum for England and Wa1es, Science for ll mericans, merican Project 2061, Danish Nationa1 School Curriculum, Dutch PLON Curriculum Materials . STS .

80 European Physical Society . 1992 International History Philosophy and Science Teaching Group Science & Education. , M. R. Matthews, . History, Philosophy and Science Teaching . G. Holton Denver Harvard Project.

:

. , .

( ), . ( ) .

, , . .

Ernst Mach, (1883), Science of Mechanics, Open Court Publishing, . 316

James B. Connant, (1947), On Understanding Science: An Historical Approach, Yale University Press

I. B. Cohen, (1950), A Sense of History in Science, American Association of Physics Teachers, Annual Conference 1950 American Journal of Physics 18, 343-359

James B. Connant, (1957), (ed.), Harvard Case Histories in Experimental Science, 2 vols, Harvard University Press

Gerald Holton, Project Physics. A report on its aims and current status, The Physics Teacher, May 1967,p. 202

Gerald Holton, Project Physics. A report on its aims and current status, The Physics Teacher, May 1967, p. 202

The Physics Teacher, May 1967

Stephen G. Brush, The Role of History in the Teaching of Physic, The physics Teacher, May 1969, p. 271

J.B. Connant, Science and Common sence, 1951, J.B.Connant, Harvard Case Histories in Experimental Science, 1948, Vol.2

J.B. Connant, Am. Scientist 48, 1960, p.528

Robert Bruce Lindsay, The Role of Science in civilization, 1963, p.120-122

Stephen G. Brush, The Role of History in the Teaching of Physic, The physics Teacher, May 1969, p.271

CHAPTER 3,Examination of Physical science study committee and Harvard Project Physics p. 5

Project Physics. A report on its aims and current status, Gerald Holton, The Physics Teacher May 1967, p. 203

The Physics Teacher, May 1968 : Project Physics Film Loops are also suitable for independent use

CHAPTER 3, Examination of Physical science study committee and Harvard Project Physics, HYPERLINK "http://www.hhmi.princeton.edu/grp2/Dr Dist-bib.htm"http://www.hhmi.princeton.edu/grp2/Dr%20Dist-bib.htm

CHAPTER 3, Examination of Physical science study committee and Harvard Project Physics, http://www.hhmi.princeton.edu/grp2/Dr%20Dist-bib.htm

Gilbert C.Finlay, The Physical Science Study Committee, The School Review 70, No 1 (spring 1962) p.65-66

Gilbert C. Finlay, "The Physical Science Study Committee," The School Review 70, no. 1 (Spring 1962): p. 65-66.

Physics Teacher 5, No2, 1967

Jerrold R.. Zacharias, "Editorial: Pre-College Physics," The Physics Teacher 4, no. 5 (May 1966) : p.111-121, Gilbert C. Finlay, "The Physical Science Study Committee," The School Review 70, no. 1 (Spring 1962): 65-66.

CHAPTER 3, Examination of Physical science study committee and Harvard Project Physics, http://www.hhmi.princeton.edu/grp2/Dr%20Dist-bib.htm

Jerrold R.. Zacharias, "Editorial: Pre-College Physics," The Physics Teacher 4, no. 5 (May 1966) : p.112-113, Gilbert C. Finlay, "The Physical Science Study Committee," The School Review 70, no. 1 (Spring 1962): 65-66.

Jerrold R.. Zacharias, "Editorial: Pre-College Physics," The Physics Teacher 4, no. 5 (May 1966) : p.112-113, Gilbert C. Finlay, "The Physical Science Study Committee," The School Review 70, no. 1 (Spring 1962): 65-66.

S. G. Brush & A. L. King, (1972), History in the Teaching of Physics, University Press of New England

M. J. Klein, 1972, Use and Abuse of Historical Teaching in Physics in S. G. Brush & A. L. King (eds.), History in the Teaching of Physics, University Press of New England

T. S. Kuhn, (1959), The Essential Tension: Tradition and Innovation in Scientific Research reprinted in his The Essential Tension, University of Chicago Press, 1977, pp.225-239

T. S. Kuhn (1977), Concepts of Cause in the Development of Physics in his The Essential Tension, University of Chicago Press, pp.21-30

M. A. B. Whitaker (1979), History and Quasi-History in Physics Education Pts I, II, Physics Education 14, 108-112, 239-242

S. Brush (1974), Should the History of Science be Rated-X?, Science 18, 1164-1172

S. Fuller (2000), Thomas Kuhn: A Philosophical History of Our Time, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

European Physical Society, , 1983 , 1986 1988 . 1989 1 International History, Philosophy and Science Teaching Conference 2 Kingston 1992.

M. R. Matthews, (1992), History, Philosophy and Science Teaching: The Present Rapprochement, Science & Education 1, 11-47

M. R. Matthews, (1994), Science Teaching: The Role of History and Philosophy of Science, Kluwer

G. Holton & S. Brush, (2001), Physics the Human Adventure: from Copernicus to Einstein, Rutgers UP

G. Holton, (2001), Plenary Talk, Internatioanal History Philosophy and Science Teaching Conference, Denver, Nov.2001

PAGE 1