1 Hartman, Micah, et al. “National Health Care Spending In 2018: Growth Driven By Accelerations In Medicare And Private Insurance Spending.” Research Article, Health Affairs, 5

Dec. 2019, www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.01451; SDOH, Health Outcomes and Your Bottom Line. ConsejoSano, consejosano.com/blog/sdoh-health-outcomes-your-bottom-line/.2 Kent, Jessica. “Costs Fell by 11% When Payer Addressed Social Determinants of Health.” Health IT Analytics, Xtelligent Healthcare Media, 5 June 2018, healthitanalytics.com/news/costs-fell-by-11-when-payer-addressed-social-determinants-of-health.3 Taylor, Lauren A., et al. LEVERAGING THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH: WHAT WORKS? Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts Foundation, June 2015, www.bluecrossmafoundation.org/sites/default/files/download/publication/Social_Equity_Report_Final.pdf.4 Center for Healthcare Strategies. Addressing Social Determinants of Health via Medicaid Managed Care Contracts and Section 1115 Demonstrations. Association for Community Affiliated Plans, Dec. 2018, www.chcs.org/media/Addressing-SDOH-Medicaid-Contracts-1115-Demonstrations-121118.pdf.5 Garfield, Rachel, et al. Medicaid Managed Care Plans and Access to Care: Results from the Kaiser Family Foundation 2017 Survey of Medicaid Managed Care Plans. Kaiser Family Foundation, 5 Mar. 2018, www.kff.org/medicaid/report/medicaid-managed-care-plans-and-access-to-care-results-from-the-kaiser-family-foundation-2017-survey-of-medicaid-managed-care-plans/(Kaiser Family Foundation found in one study that all responding (91%) Medicaid managed care plans participate in some form of programming to address social determinants of health).6 Murphy-Barron, Catherine, and Eric A. Buzby. “Https://Www.bettermedicarealliance.org/Sites/Default/Files/2019-11/Review_of_Contract_Year_2020_Medicare_Advantage_Supplemental_Healthcare_Benefit_Offerings.Pdf.” Milliman Brief, Milliman, www.bettermedicarealliance.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/Review_of_Contract_Year_2020_Medicare_Advantage_Supplemental_Healthcare_Benefit_Offerings.pdf. (an increase of 102 plans in the 2019 Plan year to 364 plans in the 2020 plan year.

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7, 8, 9 “Medicare Advantage.” Medicare, Kaiser Family Foundation, 6 June 2019, www.kff.org/medicare/fact-sheet/medicare-advantage/.10 “At Risk: Pre-Existing Conditions Could Affect 1 in 2 Americans:” The Center for Consumer Information & Insurance Oversight, U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, www.cms.gov/CCIIO/Resources/Forms-Reports-and-Other-Resources/preexisting.

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11 Bernazzani, Sophia. The Importance of Considering the Social Determinants of Health. AJMC, 1 May 2016, www.ajmc.com/contributor/sophia-bernazzani/2016/05/the-importance-

of-considering-the-social-determinants-of-health.12 Kangovi, Shreya. “An Effective Way to Tackle the Social Causes of Poor Health.” Economics & Society, Harvard Business Review, 13 May 2019, hbr.org/2019/05/an-effecive-way-

to-tackle-the-social-causes-of-poor-health.13 Castrucci, Brian, and John Auerbach. “Meeting Individual Social Needs Falls Short Of Addressing Social Determinants Of Health.” Health Affairs, 16 Jan. 2019,

www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20190115.234942/full/.

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