Harry Truman Joseph Stalin

The Cold War rivalry between the two superpower unfolded into multiple arenas: military, espionage, sports

industrial, and technological developments

• The U.S. and Russia used variety of techniques to gain influence around the world

• CIA and KGB used covert secret activities such as spying and assassination attempts as well as gave aid and helped develop nations

• Foreign Aid

• Propaganda

• Espionage

• Brinkmanship

• Multinational Alliances

• Proxy Wars

• 1948- Berlin Airlift• 1949- China• 1950- Korean War• 1951- Arms Race• 1957-Space Race• 1959- Cuba• 1960- U-2 Spy Plane• 1961- Berlin Wall• 1964- Vietnam War

• Stalin installed “satellite” communist governments in the Eastern European countries of Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia and East Germany.

• Because of Stalin’s influence in these regions Europe countries were caught in a tug of war between democracy and communism

In a 1946 speech, Stalin said communism and capitalism were incompatible – and another war

was inevitable

NATO Warsaw Pact

What was the goal of NATO?

•To stop the spread of communism

Berlin Airlift • Soviet Union blocked

access to West Berlin hoping to force West Berlin to become Communist.

• The Airlift was an issue of American integrity and an exercise of it's Airforce might. The Airlift helped solidify America as an emerging super power in the 1940's.

• Keeping in line with Truman’s Doctrine of Containment, Korea split at the 38th Parallel with a Communist North and a Democratic South.

• By 1949, the Soviet Union had withdrawn from North Korea, but had generously supplied the North Korean army with tanks, airplanes, and MONEY, encouraging them to take over South Korea.

• The Russian hope… The U.S. won’t defend the South Koreans. (They were wrong)

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• Soviets tested their first atomic bomb in 1949• US Test the new more powerful H-Bomb in 1952• Soviets Test their own H-Bomb 1953• The Competition continued… • The nuclear arms race was a competition for

supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States allies, the Soviet Army and their respective allies during the Cold War.

• During the Cold War, in addition to the American and Soviet nuclear stockpiles, other countries also developed nuclear weapons

4 major types of

nuclear testing:

1. atmospheric,

2. underground,

3.exoatmospheric

4. underwater.

• Less money $ a large army

• More money for atomic weapons of all kinds.

• From 1,000 to18,000 bombs by 1961

• Fighting small wars to stop the spread of Communism were too expensive (like Korea)

• Instead threaten to use nuclear weapons, this policy is called Massive Retaliation

What is Massive Retaliation?

Threatening to use nuclear weapons to get our way

• The competition of space exploration between the Soviet Union and the US

The Space Race was The Space Race was used by government used by government leaders to instill hope in leaders to instill hope in the future of their the future of their country for their peoplecountry for their people

October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first rocket to reach space from Kazakhstan. It was the first satellite that orbited the earth.

• To counter this, the United States To counter this, the United States Government established the National Government established the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) on July 29, 1958on July 29, 1958

• The wound deepened when the United States' tried to impress the world with a rocket called Vanguard

• Vanguard exploded on the launch pad, while the entire world was watching

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxWxjFCqUzE

Score:

One for

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Soviets

• USA spent the 60s trying to catch up to the Soviets.

1963 – longest space flight so far – 98hours – Gemini 4

1966 – first orbital docking of 2 spacecrafts in space

May 1969 – first spacecraft to leave earth’s orbit – Apollo 10

July 1969 – first moon landing – Apollo 11 – Neil Armstrong

1957 – First satellite in space – Sputnik

1957 – First animal (dog) in space

1961 – First human in space – Yuri Gagarin

1962 – the woman in space – Valentina Tereshkova

1962 – first space walk – Alexi Leonov

It ended in 1975 when a US spacecraft docked with a Soviet spacecraft and the astronauts and cosmonauts aboard met each other in space and exchanged flags and gifts

Why was Sputnik a wake up call to the United States?

• that the U.S. was falling behind the Soviet Union in missile/space technology.

•Distrust of one another led to espionage (spying)

•During WWII Stalin acquired top secret information concerning the development of the Atomic Bomb at Los Alamos, New Mexico. The Soviets has a spy working covertly inside the laboratories.

•FBI along with British intelligence began questioning Fuchs in 1949. He ultimately confessed and was convicted of espionage in a two-day trial. He spent fourteen years in prison. After his release, he moved to East Germany.

U-2 Affair• Cold War tensions increased

when in 1960 the USSR shot down a US spy plane over Russia

• At first, the United States government denied everything

• US was forced to admit when the USSR produced its remains (largely intact) and surviving pilot

Why was the U2 Affair an embarrassment?

•We denied spying on the USSR yet they had our pilot alive as proof

• The Berlin Wall was erected in the night of August 13, 1961. To keep East Germans in.

• If communism was so great why did so many East Germans try to flee

WEST: Prosperous, helped by US, attracted people from the East. Seen by USSR as infection in the heart of Communist East Germany.

EAST: Much less prosperous and under Communist control

Built in 1961

Berlin

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Berlin Wall

• Barbed wire fence 6 feet high

• Replaced with concrete blocks

• 6ft high and 66 miles long

• 1962- a second fence was added, parallel to the first one

• Area 100 yards further in

• “Death Strip”- Area between the 2 strips

• 1965- Concrete slabs between steel

• Concrete Sewage pipe on top

• 1975 new concrete segments

• 4.5 feet wide

• 12 feet high

Berlin opens in 1989

Wall torn down 1990

The tearing down of the Berlin Wall in 1989and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991are two events that signaled the end of what?

• The End of the Cold War