Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen, Viet-Anh

Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering (IESE), Hanoi University of Civil Engineering

Tel. 04-3628 45 09, Fax 04-3869 3714, MP. 091320.9689, Email. vietanhctn@gmail.com; www.epe.edu.vn

4th SEA-EU-NET Stakeholders Conference 16-17 November, 2011, Hanoi, Vietnam

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Key challenges, potential measures and cooperation needs in integrated water and wastewater

management in Hanoi city

Content

1. Status and challenges for water environment in Hanoi city

2. Efforts for situation adaptation and improvement

3. Hot issues under concern

4. Some topics proposed for potential cooperation

5. Conclusions and recommendations

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1. Status and challenges for water environment in Hanoi city

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Hanoi area 2007: 920.97 km2; 3.4 mio. population From 1/8/2008: 3,325 km2. 29 districts 6.23 mio.

• Rapid urbanization

• Destroyed water balance and natural hydrology system

• Conflicts among water users

• Increasing loads from solid and liquid wastes

• Climate change brings more challenges and consequences

• Lack of effective, active and sustainable oriented measures

1. Status and challenges for water environment in Hanoi city

2. Efforts for situation adaptation and improvement

• Groundwater protection. Diversification of water supply sources.

• Projects on drainage system improvement, flood mitigation

• Projects on wastewater collection and treatment • Program on urban lakes improvement. Public and private

sector mobilization. • Solid waste management projects; Sanitary landfills; 3R;

CDM project; Public and private sector mobilization; New Solid waste master plan development; New technologies for

• SW treatment options; …

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Sanitation projects in Hanoi city

• JBIC - JICA project:

– phase 1 (1996 – 2005): US$ 200 mio.

– phase 2 (2006 – presence): US$ 500 mio.

• Yen So WWTP – by Gamuda Berhad (Malaysia):

– Q = 200.000 m3/day (2008 – 2012).

– US$ 400 mio.

– Build – Transfer (BT) after 1 year.

– In the 324-ha (including 280 ha of water surface) new commercial area: Yen So Park, US$ 1 bio. project

• Hanoi is inviting private sector to participate in restoration of 45 city’s lakes. Est. cost: US$ 80 mio. (2010 – 2015).

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- Current amount of solid waste generated: 0.7 Kg/person/day - Projected amount in 2020 – 2030 period: 1.1 kg/per/day - Changing trend of composition of solid waste (Hanoi URENCO, 2010)

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

Tấn

2009 2020 2030 2040 2050

Năm

Khối lượng

Solid waste management

Tones

Year

Tones

9

collection

TRANSPORTATION

COMPOSTING

FERTILISER

LANDFILL

INCINERATION OR FUEL

CELLS ENERGY/

ELECTRICITY

COMPOST

RECYCLE

biogas

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Nam Son landfill and waste treatment complex

- On-going CDM project (Hanoi URENCO, 2011)

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Cau Dzien composting plant

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Recycling handicraft villages

3. Hot issues under concern

• GW quantity and quality. GW recharge and stabilization. GW quality (esp. contamination of Arsenic, Ammonia, organic matters, ...)

• Red river – trans-boundary issue. Quality and quantity.

• Effective management of water supply system. Non-revenue water management.

• Urban drainage. Flood control. Sustainable urban drainage solutions: criteria, planning, application, …

• Urban sewerage system management. Source control.

• Solid waste management: municipal, industrial, etc.

• Sludge management. Septic tank sludge management.

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• Integrated water resource management

– Sustainable water resources planning and exploitation.

– Water security.

– Available water resources. Water balance.

– Groundwater recharge.

– Rainwater harvesting.

– Receiving capacity of the water bodies.

– Basin and sub-basin division. Flooding prevention and mitigation.

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3. Hot issues under concern (cont.)

3. Hot issues under concern (cont.)

• Synchronization in urban infrastructure and water

pollution control - Septic tank, combined sewerage and drainage, centralized wastewater

treatment plants

• Appropriate wastewater collection and treatment technologies

• Wastewater reuse in urban agriculture – Impacts on the areas in down-stream of the rivers: Nhue - Day, Red

river, with a large number of inhabitants

– Nutrients and wastewater reuse

– Hygienic aspects

– Regulations and standards

– Public acceptance, awareness

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W/w reuse

Biogas

digester

DVCL

Black water from

ST

Stomwater

Grey water

Grey water

Combined sewerage

Typical w/w management scheme

(N.V.Anh, 2004, GHK-DFID)

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Open questions in Hanoi capital Master Plan to 2030 and vision to 2050

4. Some topics proposed for potential cooperation

• Principles: integrated management, suitable to local context,

step-wise, mobilization of different resources

• ‘’Green concept’’. Planning and integration of sustainable

solutions into planning, and into implementation

• Integrated waste management for resource recovery

• Sludge, organic waste co-treatment for biogas recovery

• Integrated management models. Cost recovery.

• Sustainable Sanitation Strategy

• Sustainable Urban Drainage Solutions

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Semi-centralized, integrated waste management for Hanoi city: Semi-San (HUCE – Darmstadt TU)

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Material Flux Analysis – A study on Nutrient balance for sustainable Hanoi (IESE – SANDEC; IESE - FES – TEMA V)

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MFA: N, P flows

SUDS and Rainwater Harvesting (IESE,HUCE – SNU)

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5. Conclusions and recommendations

• Hanoi is trying with great efforts for the city development, climate change adaption and infrastructure improvement.

• Close and multi-sector cooperation is needed.

• International cooperation is necessary, besides mobilization of the local resources

• There are great opportunities for new ideas, innovative concepts and solutions, including technical, managerial, social, etc. Some of them are: integrated urban waste management, SUDS, source pollution control, etc.

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5. Conclusions and recommendations (cont.)

• These solutions can be feasible if they are evaluated, and

integrated into planning and plan implementation. A long term vision, interest and support, as well as participation of the city government is needed.

• Advantages of accumulative scientific values, thanks to

international cooperation, should be taken in integration with

historical assets, cultural traditions and professional experiences of the Vietnamese partners.

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XIN TRÂN TRỌNG CẢM ƠN

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THANK YOU VERY MUCH

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Viet Anh Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering (IESE), Hanoi University of Civil Engineering

Tel. 04-3628 45 09, Fax 04-3869 3714, MP. 091320.9689, Email. vietanhctn@gmail.com; www.epe.edu.vn