Handbook of Drug Administration via Enteral Feeding Tubes

Handbook of Drug Administration via Enteral Feeding Tubes

THIRD EDITION

Rebecca WhiteBSc (Hons) MSc MRPharmS (I Presc) FFRPSMedical Advisor, Baxter Healthcare LtdCompton, UK

Vicky BradnamBPharm (Hons) ClinDip MBAOpen MRPharmSPharmaceutical Consultant, Kent, UK

On behalf of the British Pharmaceutical Nutrition Group

Published by Pharmaceutical Press

1 Lambeth High Street, London SE1 7JN, UK

Pharmaceutical Press 2015

is a trade mark of Pharmaceutical Press

Pharmaceutical Press is the publishing division of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society

First edition 2007

Second edition 2011

Third edition 2015

Typeset by Newgen, India

Printed in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall

ISBN 978 0 85711 162 3 (print)

ISBN 978 0 85711 221 7 (ePDF)

ISBN 978 0 85711 222 4 (ePub)

ISBN 978 0 85711 223 1 (Mobi)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval

system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permis-

sion of the copyright holder.

The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy

of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or

liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.

The right of Rebecca White and Vicky Bradnam to be identified as the authors of this

work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents

Act, 1988.

Contents

Foreword xiPreface xiiAbout the authors xiiiContributors xvAbbreviations xviiiNotes on the use of this book xx

1. Introduction 1

2. Types of enteral feeding tube 4

3. Flushing enteral feeding tubes 9

4. Restoring and maintaining patency of enteral feeding tubes 15

5. Drug therapy review 23

6. Choice of medication formulation 25

7. The legal and professional consequences of administering drugs via enteral feeding tubes 38

8. Health and safety and clinical risk management 47

9. Syringes and ports 51

10. Defining interactions 55

11. Medicines optimisation 61

Individual drug monographs:

Abacavir 63

Acamprosate calcium 65

Acarbose 66

Acebutolol 67

Aceclofenac 69

Acemetacin 70

Acenocoumarol (Nicoumalone) 71

Acetazolamide 72

Acetylcysteine 74

Aciclovir 75

Acipimox 77

Acitretin 78

Adefovir dipivoxil 79

Alendronic acid 81

Alfacalcidol 84

Alfuzosin hydrochloride 86

Alimemazine (Trimeprazine) tartrate 88

Alitretinoin 89

Allopurinol 90

Almotriptan 92

Aluminium hydroxide 93

Alverine citrate 94

Amantadine hydrochloride 95

Amiloride hydrochloride 96

Aminophylline 98

Amiodarone hydrochloride 99

Amisulpride 101

vi Contents

Amitriptyline hydrochloride 102

Amlodipine 104Amoxicillin 106Anastrozole 108Arginine 109Ascorbic acid 111Aspirin 112Atenolol 113Atorvastatin 116Azathioprine 117Baclofen 120Balsalazide sodium 122Beclometasone dipropionate 122Bendroflumethiazide 123Betahistine dihydrochloride 125Betaine 126Betamethasone 128Bethanechol chloride 129Bexarotene 130Bezafibrate 131Bicalutamide 133Bisacodyl 134Bisoprolol fumarate 135Bromocriptine 137Budesonide 139Bumetanide 140Busulfan 141Cabergoline 143Caffeine citrate 144Calcium folinate (Calcium leucovorin) 146Calcium salts 147Calcium salts with vitamin D 150Candesartan cilexetil 152Captopril 154Carbamazepine 156Carbimazole 158Carbocisteine 159Carvedilol 161Cefalexin (Cephalexin) 162Cefixime 164Cefradine (Cephradine) 166Cefuroxime 167Celecoxib 169

Celiprolol hydrochloride 170Cetirizine hydrochloride 171Chloral hydrate 173Chloroquine 175Chlorphenamine (Chlorpheniramine) maleate 176Chlorpromazine hydrochloride 178Chlortalidone (Chlorthalidone) 180Ciclosporin 181Cilazapril 183Cimetidine 184Cinnarizine 186Ciprofloxacin 187Citalopram 189Clarithromycin 191Clindamycin 193Clobazam 195Clomipramine hydrochloride 196Clonazepam 198Clonidine hydrochloride 200Clopidogrel 201Clozapine 204Co-amilofruse 205Co-amilozide 207Co-amoxiclav 208Co-codamol 210Co-fluampicil 212Co-flumactone 213Codeine phosphate 214Colchicine 216Colecalciferol 217Colestyramine 218Co-magaldrox 220Co-phenotrope 221Co-trimoxazole 222Cyclizine 224Cyclophosphamide 226Dantron (Danthron) 228Dapsone 229Deferasirox 231Deferiprone 232Deflazacort 233Demeclocycline hydrochloride 234

Contents vii

Desloratadine 235Desmopressin 236Dexamethasone 239Dexibuprofen 241Diazepam 241Diazoxide 244Diclofenac 245Dicycloverine (Dicyclomine) hydrochloride 248Digoxin 249Dihydrocodeine tartrate 251Diltiazem hydrochloride 252Dipyridamole 255Disodium etidronate 258Docusate sodium 259Domperidone 261Donepezil hydrochloride 263Dosulepin (Dothiepin) hydrochloride 264Doxazosin mesilate 266Doxepin 268Doxycycline 270Duloxetine hydrochloride 272Efavirenz 274Eletriptan 276Enalapril maleate 277Entacapone 279Eprosartan 280Ergocalciferol 282Erythromycin 283Escitalopram 285Esomeprazole 286Ethambutol hydrochloride 289Ethinylestradiol 290Ethosuximide 291Etodolac 293Etoposide 294Etoricoxib 295Ezetimibe 297Famciclovir 299Famotidine 300Felodipine 301Fentanyl 302Fesoterodine fumarate 304

Fexofenadine hydrochloride 305Finasteride 306Flavoxate hydrochloride 307Flecainide acetate 309Flucloxacillin 310Fluconazole 312Fludrocortisone acetate 314Fluoxetine 315Flupentixol (Flupenthixol) 317Flutamide 319Fluvastatin 320Fluvoxamine maleate 322Folic acid 323Fosamprenavir 324Fosinopril sodium 325Frovatriptan 326Furosemide (Frusemide) 327Gabapentin 330Galantamine 332Ganciclovir 334Glibenclamide 335Gliclazide 336Glimepiride 338Glipizide 339Glyceryl trinitrate 341Glycopyrronium bromide 342Granisetron 343Griseofulvin 345Haloperidol 347Hydralazine hydrochloride 349Hydrocortisone 350Hydromorphone hydrochloride 352Hydroxycarbamide (Hydroxyurea) 353Hydroxyzine hydrochloride 354Hyoscine butylbromide 355Hyoscine hydrobromide 357Ibandronic acid 358Ibuprofen 359Imipramine hydrochloride 361Indapamide 363Indometacin (Indomethacin) 364Indoramin 365Inositol nicotinate 367

viii Contents

Irbesartan 368Iron preparations 370Isoniazid 373Isosorbide dinitrate 374Isosorbide mononitrate 375Ispaghula husk 377Isradipine 378Itraconazole 379Ketamine 381Ketoconazole 382Ketoprofen 384Ketorolac trometamol 385Labetalol hydrochloride 387Lacidipine 388Lacosamide 389Lactulose 390Lamivudine 392Lamotrigine 394Lansoprazole 395Leflunomide 397Lercanidipine hydrochloride 399Levetiracetam 400Levocetirizine hydrochloride 402Levodopa 403Levofloxacin 406Levomepromazine (Methotrimeprazine) 408Levothyroxine sodium 410Linezolid 412Lisinopril 413Lithium 416Lofepramine 417Loperamide hydrochloride 419Lopinavir with ritonavir 420Loratadine 421Lorazepam 423Losartan potassium 424Macrogols 427Magnesium preparations 428Maraviroc 430Mebendazole 431Mebeverine hydrochloride 432Mecysteine 434

Medroxyprogesterone acetate 435Mefenamic acid 436Megestrol acetate 437Melatonin 438Meloxicam 439Memantine hydrochloride 440Menadiol sodium phosphate (Vitamin K) 441Meptazinol 442Mercaptamine 443Mercaptopurine 444Mesalazine 445Mesna 447Mesterolone 448Metformin hydrochloride 449Methadone hydrochloride 451Methenamine hippurate (Hexamine hippurate) 452Methotrexate 453Methyldopa 455Methylprednisolone 456Metoclopramide hydrochloride 457Metolazone 459Metoprolol tartrate 460Metronidazole 462Metyrapone 465Mexiletine hydrochloride 466Midazolam 467Minoxidil 469Mirtazapine 470Misoprostol 472Mizolastine 473Moclobemide 474Modafinil 475Moexipril hydrochloride 476Montelukast 477Morphine sulfate 479Moxonidine 482Multivitamin preparations 483Mycophenolate mofetil 486Nabumetone 488Nadolol 489Naftidrofuryl oxalate 490

Contents ix

Naproxen 492Naratriptan 493Nebivolol 494Nefopam hydrochloride 495Neomycin sulfate 496Neostigmine 498Nevirapine 499Nicardipine hydrochloride 500Nicorandil 501Nifedipine 503Nimodipine 505Nitrazepam 506Nitrofurantoin 508Nizatidine 509Norethisterone 510Ofloxacin 512Olanzapine 513Olmesartan medoxomil 515Olsalazine sodium 516Omeprazole 518Ondansetron 520Orlistat 522Orphenadrine hydrochloride 523Oseltamivir 525Oxazepam 528Oxcarbazepine 529Oxprenolol hydrochloride 531Oxybutynin hydrochloride 532Oxycodone hydrochloride 534Oxytetracycline 536Paliperidone 538Pancreatin supplements 539Pantoprazole 542Paracetamol 543Paroxetine 545Pentoxifylline (Oxpentifylline) 546Perindopril erbumine 547Phenelzine 548Phenobarbital (Phenobarbitone) 549Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride 551Phenoxymethylpenicillin 552Phenytoin 553Phosphates 556

Piroxicam 557Pizotifen 559Polystyrene sulfonate resins 560Posaconazole 561Potassium chloride 562Pravastatin sodium 564Prazosin 565Prednisolone 567Pregabalin 568Primidone 569Prochlorperazine 571Procyclidine hydrochloride 573Promethazine hydrochloride 574Propranolol hydrochloride 576Pyrazinamide 578Pyridostigmine 579Pyridoxine hydrochloride 581Pyrimethamine 582Quinapril 583Rabeprazole sodium 584Ramipril 585Ranitidine 587Ranolazine 589Reboxetine 590Rifabutin 591Rifampicin 592Rifaximin 594Riluzole 595Risedronate sodium 596Risperidone 599Rivastigmine 601Rizatriptan 602Ropinirole 603Rosuvastatin 605Saquinavir 607Selegiline hydrochloride 608Senna 609Sertraline 610Sildenafil 612Simvastatin 614Sodium clodronate 616Sodium picosulfate 617Sodium valproate 619

x Contents

Sotalol hydrochloride 622Spironolactone 623Stavudine 625Sucralfate 627Sulfasalazine 628Sulpiride 630Sumatriptan 631Tacrolimus 634Tamoxifen 636Tamsulosin hydrochloride 637Telithromycin 639Telmisartan 640Temazepam 641Tenofovir disoproxil 642Terbinafine 645Theophylline 646Thiamine hydrochloride 648Tiagabine 650Timolo